Abstract: The measuring sensor, particularly a lambda probe, has a ceramic sensor member retained at a high temperature during measuring operation. It is shielded from water droplets, carried along in the gas to be analyzed, by a heated protective housing, permeable for the gas to be analyzed, by which water droplets carried along in the direction of the sensor member are evaporated before reaching the sensor member. In this way, the water droplets are unable to cause any shock-like temperature drops at spots on the surface of the sensor member or material flaking.

Abstract: A gas chromatograph in which the substances of a substance mixture that is to be analyzed are separated in a separation device and are detected in a detector device. An evaluation device (10) provides a result (11) in the form of a quantitative determination of given substances depending on the detector signals. To obtain a relatively rapid analysis result, an additional detector device (13), which generates additional detector signals (16) based on the substances that at this stage have not been completely separated, is located in the path of the separation device (6). A computational unit (18) provides a quantitative determination of at least one part of the given substances as a further result (20), based on the additional detector signals (16). This somewhat imprecise but rapid result can be used for rapid control or regulatory interventions in a process (4).

Abstract: A thermal conductivity detector includes separate sample gas and reference gas chambers. Each chamber has a gas inlet and a gas outlet and a sensor. The chambers are connected by at least one passageway. For example, a passageway can extend from the sample gas chamber to the reference gas chamber adjacent the gas inlets. As a further example, a passageway can be provided adjacent the gas outlets. More specifically, an exhaust passageway extends from the first passageway to the additional passageway and there is an exhaust outlet connected to the additional passageway.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for vaporizing injections of samples into a gas chromatography analysis device, comprising a vaporization chamber elongated lengthways and heated, as well as a syringe equipped with a needle, the device being of the type in which the introduction of the sample is carried out without prior vaporization of the sample within the needle, and also foresees at least one stop and vaporization means for the liquid inside the vaporization chamber. To improve the conditions of vaporization and the transfer of the sample, the distance between the free end of the needle and the stated stop and vaporization means for the liquid is greater than 55 mm (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A foam detector generally including a pair of leads positioned adjacent to a surface layer of a fluid so that foam created on a surface layer of the fluid contacts at least one lead and sends a signal to a controller connected to the leads.

Abstract: A gas sensor for the detection of gases comprises a housing and an active element disposed within the housing. The active element is surrounded by a porous insulating material having a bulk density no greater than 0.15 g/cc. Another gas sensor comprises an active element surrounded by a porous insulating material having a surface area no greater than approximately 200 m2/cc. Another gas sensor comprises a copper compound positioned so that gas contacts the copper compound before contacting the active element. Another gas sensor comprises an active element surrounded by a porous material having an average pore size of at least approximately 100 Å. Another gas sensor comprises a heating element surrounded by a porous material that supports a catalyst.

Abstract: In a gas chromatograph an injected sample for analysis is led through a separating device to separate components contained in the sample, at the end of which selected components are detected by means of a detector and quantitatively determined by means of the detector signal. A validation and furthermore an improvement in accuracy of the analysis is possible, whereby the sample (3) is non-destructively analysed by a further detector (16), before the separation device (5) and quantitatively determined with the further detector signal (17) delivered by the further detector (16) and the result of the quantitative determination of the sample (3) taken for monitoring the analysis.

Abstract: A highly sensitive electronic ion cell for the measurement of trace elements in He carrier gas which involves glow discharge. A constant wave (CW) stable glow discharge detector which is controlled through a biased resistor, can detect the change of electron density caused by impurities in the He carrier gas by many orders of magnitude larger than that caused by direct ionization or electron capture. The stable glow discharge detector utilizes a floating pseudo-electrode to form a probe in or near the plasma and a solid rod electrode. By using this probe, the large variation of electron density due to trace amounts of impurities can be directly measured. The solid rod electrode provides greater stability and thus easier alignment.

Abstract: A gas chromatograph in which the substances of a substance mixture that is to be analyzed are separated in a separation device and are detected in a detector device. An evaluation device (10) provides a result (11) in the form of a quantitative determination of given substances depending on the detector signals. To obtain a relatively rapid analysis result, an additional detector device (13), which generates additional detector signals (16) based on the substances that at this stage have not been completely separated, is located in the path of the separation device (6). A computational unit (18) provides a quantitative determination of at least one part of the given substances as a further result (20), based on the additional detector signals (16). This somewhat imprecise but rapid result can be used for rapid control or regulatory interventions in a process (4).

Abstract: Methods and systems for analyzing samples, such as gas samples, are described. One method comprises providing a gas sample, increasing pressure applied to the gas sample to compress the sample to a smaller volume and provide a pneumatically focused gas sample, and analyzing the pneumatically focused gas sample using any of a variety of analytical techniques. Also disclosed are systems for gas analysis, including systems for analysis of pneumatically focused, and thereby concentrated, gas samples and for analysis of particulate matter in gas samples. Analytical systems constructed within personal computer cases also are disclosed.

Abstract: An indium electrode film (2) is formed closely adhering to one face of an organic semiconductor film (1) made of copper phthalocyanine while a gold electrode film (3) is formed on the other face. A voltage is applied to the organic semiconductor film (1) so that the indium electrode (2) side is biased positively. By applying a voltage so that the electrode (2) side is charged positively and irradiating with a light having a wavelength absorbable by the organic semiconductor film (1) the phenomenon of photocurrent multiplication arises at the interface of the organic semiconductor film (1) and the electrode (2). When put under an oxygen or moisture atmosphere in the above state, this gas sensor can detect oxygen or moisture depending on a change in photocurrent due to the multiplication.

Abstract: The invention provides a gas chromatography method for analyzing materials vaporizable in a gas chromatograph system, the method including filling a sample injection device with a sample of the compounds to be analyzed; transferring the sample compounds into an analytical separation column with a transfer gas; passing a carrier gas inside the analytical separation column for time separation of the sample compounds; controlling the temperature of the column for achieving separation of the sample compounds; transferring the vaporized sample compounds eluted from the column into a flame ionization detector; providing the gases required for the operation of the flame ionization detector, and analyzing the data output of the flame ionization detector for analysis of the sample compounds, wherein the gases required for the operation of the gas chromatograph system are produced by water electrolysis.

Abstract: An explosion-proof apparatus includes a pressure resistant explosion-proof case, heater, manifold, and analyzer unit. The heater is disposed in the pressure resistant explosion-proof case. The manifold is heated by the heater in the pressure resistant explosion-proof case and supplies heat from the heater to an outside of the pressure resistant explosion-proof case by heat conduction. The analyzer unit is disposed outside the pressure resistant explosion-proof case in contact with the manifold, and is heated by heat supplied from the manifold.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for screening an object for the presence of an explosive, chemical warfare agent, biological warfare agent, drug, metal, weapon, and/or radioactive material. The apparatus includes a portal through which the object is arranged to pass, the portal including a housing equipped with an ion mobility spectrometer and a surface acoustic wave device for detecting explosives, drugs and chemical warfare agents. In another embodiment the housing is equipped with a biological warfare agent detector, chemical warfare agent detector, metal detector, x-ray system, and/or radiation detector.

Abstract: In a catalytic sensor, a bead is located within a can having an aperture in its front surface. The bead is surrounded by thermally insulating material such as glass fiber and a filter material is arranged between the bead and the aperture in the can. This acts to remove H2S or other inhibiting gases before they reach the bead and impair its performance. The thermally insulating material allows the filter material to be included whilst still permitting the bead to be operated at a high temperature.

Abstract: A highly sensitive electronic ion cell for the measurement of trace elements in He carrier gas which involves glow discharge. A constant wave (CW) glow discharge detector which is controlled through a biased resistor, can detect the change of electron density caused by impurities in the He carrier gas by many orders of magnitude larger than that caused by direct ionization or electron capture. The glow discharge detector utilizes a floating pseudo-electrode to form a probe in or near the plasma. By using this probe, the large variation of electron density due to trace amounts of impurities can be directly measured.

Abstract: A system for determining the energy and volume delivered by a flowing natural gas carried within a pipeline based on BTU content analysis of the natural gas using a micro-miniature gas chromatograph. By monitoring key parameters of the flowing natural gas, such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, and BTU content, the system 110 accurately determines the total energy and total volume delivered by the flowing natural gas over a programmable duration of time. Micro-miniature fabrication of the gas chromatograph imparts important advantages to the system 110, including small size, modular design, low power consumption, fast BTU analysis times, and low consumption of consumable carrier and reference gases.

Abstract: An ultratrace detector system for hand-held gas chromatography having high sensitivity, for example, to emissions generated during production of weapons, biological compounds, drugs, etc. The detector system is insensitive to water, air, helium, argon, oxygen, and CO2. The detector system is basically composed of a hand-held capillary gas chromatography (GC), an insulated heated redox-chamber, a detection chamber, and a vapor trap. For example, the detector system may use gas phase redox reactions and spectral absorption of mercury vapor. The gas chromatograph initially separates compounds that percolate through a bed of heated mercuric oxide (HgO) in a silica—or other metal—aerogel material which acts as an insulator.

Abstract: Integrated analysis process and device for characterization of hydrocarbons in a petroleum product, in distillation fractions, by simulated distillation. The hydrocarbons of a petroleum sample are characterized without fractional distillation by coupling gas chromatography (GC) with liquid chromatography (LC) techniques. GC simulated distillation (SD) is carried out. The separation column is preceded by a precolumn of the same nature but shorter. At the outlet of the main column, retention means (CT, AC) allow to collect and to store one or more light fractions that are sent each to a GC analytical column (6) allowing detailed analysis of the hydrocarbons, and one or more middle fractions. The remaining heavy fraction is collected at the precolumn outlet. The middle and heavy fractions are characterized by a combined LC-GC chromatography unit. Several interfaces allowing GC-GC-LC-GC coupling are described.

Abstract: A reliable gaseous hydrogen detection and measuring device which is simple, easy to use, does not require any reference gas supply, and which can be of reasonably rugged construction. The device utilizes a disc comprising a solid state ceramic hydronium conductor of the general formula Na(H3O)Zr2SixP(3−x)O12 Na(H3O)xZr2SixP(3−x)O12 together with a silver based electrode system on one side, and a catalytic noble metal electrode, such as platinum, on the other. By measurement of the output voltage across the electrodes, both the presence, and the amount, of hydrogen in a gaseous system can be determined.