Abstract: According to some embodiments, an apparatus and method are provided for detecting the composition of a fluid. An alternating electromagnetic field may be applied to the fluid and distortions in the electromagnetic field are compared with predetermined, expected distortion “signatures” for particular components at particular concentrations. The presence and concentration of the components in the fluid may be detected by detecting these distortion signatures.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to systems and methods for monitoring attributes of a fluid within a container, and wirelessly transmitting fluid information to one or more remote deices.

Abstract: A closure and method of making a closure are disclosed. The closure includes a cap body having a top portion and an opening extending therethrough defining a cavity in communication with said opening. A flow channel is defined within a portion of the cap body having an inlet and an outlet. A stopper is disposed within the cavity adjacent the outlet of the flow channel. The stopper is formed from a material adapted for flowing through the flow channel to form a pierceable portion, with at least one of the cap body and the stopper configured for closing a container.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for monitoring the levels of propane or other consumable liquid in remotely located storage tanks and coordinating delivery of liquid to those tanks, including an improved method of using the remote monitoring data to identify out-of-ordinary conditions at remote tanks, optimally schedule purchases or deliveries, improve safety, and more efficiently operate a propane dealership. More accurate and timely information concerning the status of customer tanks serves to improve operational efficiencies and increase safety. Data received from remote sensors can be collected and organized so that it is easily understood and utilized through the implementation of a user interface accessible via the Internet that allows the information to be presented in an efficient graphical and contextual fashion.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to a device for detecting an analyte in a sample. The device comprises a fluidic network and an integrated circuitry component. The fluidic network comprises a sample zone, a cleaning zone and a detection zone. The fluidic network contains a magnetic particle and/or a signal particle. A sample containing an analyte is introduced, and the analyte interacts with the magnetic particle and/or the signal particle through affinity agents. A microcoil array or a mechanically movable permanent magnet is functionally coupled to the fluidic network, which are activatable to generate a magnetic field within a portion of the fluidic network, and move the magnetic particle from the sample zone to the detection zone. A detection element is present which detects optical or electrical signals from the signal particle, thus indicating the presence of the analyte.

Abstract: A fluid sample analyzing system may be formed from an image sensor integrated circuit substrate. A glass wafer may be used to cover a wafer of image sensors. The glass wafer and the image sensor wafer may be attached using oxide bonding. Fluid channels may be formed in a layer that is interposed between the image sensor wafer and the glass wafer. The layer may be deposited on the image sensor wafer and the glass wafer prior to oxide bonding. A spacer may be used to deliver the fluid channel layer to the image sensor wafer before the glass wafer is bonded to the image sensor wafer. The spacer may be formed from a silicon wafer. The silicon wafer may be bonded to the image sensor wafer and thinned, leaving a thin spacer wafer layer on the image sensor wafer in which fluid channels may be formed.

Abstract: Methods of determining a first position at which a dispersed phase droplet wets a surface of a channel are provided herein. The methods include immersing the dispersed phase droplet in a continuous phase fluid, wherein the continuous phase fluid is immiscible with the dispersed phase droplet, subsequently flowing the dispersed phase droplet in the continuous phase through the channel at a dispersed phase droplet velocity, wherein the dispersed phase droplet is separated from the surface by a film of the continuous phase fluid having a film thickness, and reducing the film thickness to rupture the film at the first position, wherein the droplet wets the surface at the first position.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and method for measuring a property of a gas, such as the amount of liquid in a stream of the gas. The apparatus comprises a source of beta particles (20), a detector (23) capable of detecting beta particles, means (18) to support said source and said detector spaced apart from each other such that gas may enter the space between the source and detector and that the source is positioned to emit beta particles towards said detector; wherein said detector comprises a scintillation material in optical communication with a photodetector (26), and means (24) to physically isolate said photodetector from said gas.

Abstract: A tool lubrication delivery monitoring system and a method of control. An accelerometer is provided to detect a position of a valve and fluid flow through the valve. Accelerometer data may be compared to a baseline profile to determine whether fluid flow or valve operation is within established parameters.

Abstract: A method for wear analysis. The method includes introducing a lubricant sample into a tube. The lubricant sample includes debris, wear, or other particles of different sizes. The tube includes a number of filter patches, each of a predetermined pore size. The method further includes centrifuging the tube for displacing the lubricant sample, and the wear particles thereof, along a length of the tube. The filter patches impede passage of wear particles of a size larger than their pore size therethrough, thereby separating the wear particles according to the sizes of the wear particles. The tube is attached to a handler of a centrifuge for centrifugation by the centrifuge. Multiple tubes can be attached to multiple handlers of the centrifuge for simultaneous centrifugation by the centrifuge. Centrifugation tubes (or tubes) are also provided by the present disclosure.

Abstract: This invention encompasses embodiments for multi-modal integrated simultaneous measurement of various aspects of fluids contained in circulating systems such as automotive reciprocating engines and vehicle transmissions. These circulating systems perform constant internal lubrication, and heat and contaminant removal to protect the internal moving parts from the inherent friction and damage in normal operation. Most commonly this is achieved with fluids based on hydrocarbon and/or related synthetics, which, over time, can lose their protective properties, and vary in their performance or breakdown/decay due to internal and external events. Several components within the lubricant fluid can be measured and can provide insight into the efficacy of the system to perform its designed mission. Described herein is a real-time, simultaneous, integrated, multi-modal sensor system for early warning notification.

Abstract: This invention encompasses embodiments for multi-modal integrated simultaneous measurement of various aspects of fluids contained in circulating systems such as automotive reciprocating engines and vehicle transmissions. These circulating systems perform constant internal lubrication, and heat and contaminant removal to protect the internal moving parts from the inherent friction and damage in normal operation. Most commonly this is achieved with fluids based on hydrocarbon and/or related synthetics, which, over time, can lose their protective properties, and vary in their performance or breakdown/decay due to internal and external events. Several components within the lubricant fluid can be measured and can provide insight into the efficacy of the system to perform its designed mission. Described herein is a real-time, simultaneous, integrated, multi-modal sensor system for early warning notification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a module for a computer interface including a transducer wherein the transducer receives a measurement value and makes this measurement value available for monitoring an individual's health by means of the computer interface, for example, for monitoring an individual's blood glucose level, wherein the measurement value is obtained by means of a sensor.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, apparatus including a position sensitive layer configured for position sensitivity; and a superliquidphobic layer configured for superliquidphobicity, the superliquidphobic layer positioned with a surface proximal to a surface of the position sensitive layer; wherein the position sensitive layer is configured to detect the position of a liquid droplet situated on a surface of the superliquidphobic layer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for direct and indirect measurement of the density of a fluid which exhibits sag characteristics is disclosed. The sag measurement system includes a test container for holding a fluid mixture to be analyzed and a suction port on the test container. A pump is coupled to the suction port for circulating the fluid mixture from the test container through a circulation loop. A measurement device is coupled to the circulation loop and a return port directs the fluid mixture from the circulation loop back to the test container at substantially the same vertical location as the suction port. The fluid mixture flowing through the circulation loop passes through the measurement device before returning to the test container through the return port. The measurement device is operable to monitor the particle distribution of the fluid mixture as it changes due to gravity.

Abstract: A process for monitoring a machine including moving pieces, a lubrication system and an electromagnetic sensor fitted with a magnet and two electrodes is disclosed. The sensor is capable of collecting particles present in the lubrication system between the electrodes. The monitoring process includes a step for obtaining measurements of resistance between the electrodes of the sensor, taken during an operating period of the machine; a step for determining from said measurements a first autoregressive mathematical model characterizing the resistance; a step for comparison between the first model and a predetermined reference model; and a step for working out an opinion on maintenance of the machine as a function of the comparison result.

Abstract: There are provided an analyzing system and a control method thereof which are capable of preventing a discrepancy from arising between a condition set by using a condition setting device and a condition set by using an operation section of each unit. Setting of a condition using the operation section is restricted at each unit controlled by a control device at least when transmission/reception of data is being performed between the condition setting device and the control device. Accordingly, a different condition is not set by using the operation section of each unit when data of a condition set by using the condition setting device is transmitted to the control device. Thus, a discrepancy may be prevented from arising between the condition set by using the condition setting device and a condition set by using the operation section of each unit.

Abstract: A viscosity measurement device includes a flexible membrane, an actuation heating element, and a displacement sensor apparatus. The actuation heating element is on and spaced in from an outer periphery of the flexible membrane. The displacement sensor apparatus is coupled to the flexible membrane and measures and outputs a displacement signal representative of a viscosity of a fluid in contact with the flexible membrane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a test medium for the rapid analysis of engine oils in internal combustion engines, having a weight per unit area of 50.0 to 200.0 g/m2, comprising, based on the total weight of the test medium, 20.0% by weight to 98.0% by weight of cotton pulp, 0.0% by weight to 50.0% by weight of cellulose and 0.1% by weight to 50.0% by weight of silicic acid and/or at least one silicate salt. The present invention also relates to a method for the rapid analysis of engine oils in internal combustion engines, in which a drop of an engine oil to be analyzed is applied to the test medium according to the invention and is allowed to penetrate into the test medium, and the text result is then preferably compared with at least one reference image in order to determine the condition of the engine.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for using time domain reflectometry to determine the identity of a fluid in a vessel, and to determine whether the quality of a fluid in a vessel is within acceptable parameters. Methods include identifying a fluid by comparing a derived characteristic of a fluid to a reference characteristic, determining the quality of a fluid by determining if a derived characteristic is within an acceptable quality range, monitoring a fluid for a dynamic change in quality or state, and identifying a fluid by comparing a transition reflection waveform to a reference signature transition. The methods are implemented in systems for identifying a fluid layer in a vessel, such as fuel, free liquid water or ice, detecting misfueling or fuel contamination, and detecting fluid state changes, such as the formation of ice.

Abstract: A hydration sensor or sensing element configured to measure the hydration level of a user is disclosed. The sensing element can include a water-permeable material positioned in between two water-impermeable material. The sensing element can be coupled to a bottle of fluid, or a carrier with a timer. The sensing element can be incorporated into a handheld device. The sensing element can be a disposable element, an element applicable for more than one-time use, or a re-usable element. The sensing element or sensor can be calibrated for a specific user or a group of users. One or more additional sensors that do not measure hydration level of the user can be coupled to a hydration sensing element to determine the amount of fluid consumption for the user in different conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluid measuring device comprising a capillary device and a non-linear response device. The capillary device typically having a flow channel comprising a contraction with a sidelet upstream and sidelet downstream of the contraction, the sidelets each comprises a pressure sensor arranged to determine the pressure drop over the contraction, the geometry of the flow channel of the capillary device being adapted to provide a flow response by the linear effects in the fluid, with the least response from the non-linear effects in the fluid. The non-linear response device typically having a flow channel connected to the flow channel of the capillary device, the flow channel of the non-linear response device comprising sidelets arranged to determine a pressure drop over at least a part of the flow channel, wherein the geometry of the flow channel of the non-linear response device being adapted to provide a flow response primarily driven by the non-linear effects in the fluid.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining concentrations of components of a multiphase fluid. A first flowmeter receives a fluid flow and generates measurements of the fluid flow. After at least partially separating the fluid flow into mixtures of its components, second and third flowmeters generate measurements of the mixtures. A data processing apparatus operatively coupled to the flowmeters receives the measurements and determines concentrations of the components of the fluid flow. In an embodiment, the measurements are mass flow and density readings.

Abstract: A fuel quality monitoring system and method to automatically and/or continuously monitor quality of fuel dispensed and control the operation of the fuel dispenser. The control system monitors fuel quality to prevent unsafe refuelings when the fuel quality is unacceptable. In one embodiment, a combination of a differential pressure sensor, a water detector, and/or a particle monitor is employed inline the fuel flow path of a fuel dispenser, and in particular an aviation refueling truck, to monitor the quality of the fuel. If fuel quality is at an acceptable level although not ideal, the control system can allow fueling with the generation of reports and alarms. If the fuel quality is unacceptable, fuel flow can be stopped. If the differential pressure across the filter indicates a high degree of debris and/or water retention, the control system can automatically lower the flow rate to reduce the risk of filter breakdown without completely preventing fueling until the filter can be replaced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of filtering a feed and waste water treatment system using the filtration method. The method utilizes a filtration cake for the filtration, which filtration cake is formed by elements contained in a liquid having a different composition than the feed to the filtered. The invention relates in particular to a method for filtering a liquid containing solid particles of different sizes which utilizes a filtration cake formed at least partly and preferably only from particles contained in said liquid containing solid particles of different sizes. The particles of the filtration cake are deposited on a filtration cake support and the method involves separation of the liquid containing solid particles of different sizes into two fractions: one fraction containing solid particles above a certain size and one containing smaller particles, and filtering the fraction containing smaller particles through the filtration cake.

Abstract: Indole-3-propionic acid as a marker and for treatment for Huntington Disease.

Abstract: A pressure probe for detecting clathrates includes a probe wall defining an inside area. A window is arranged in the probe wall. A device including a circuit board having a surface is arranged below the window. A permittivity sensor and temperature sensor are arranged on the surface of the circuit board and in thermal contact with each other and with a temperature control device. An insulating layer is disposed on the surface of the circuit board over the permittivity sensor and the temperature sensor. The window includes a part of the insulating layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to different designs of a microelectronic device comprising an array of heating elements (HE) with local driving units (CU2) and optionally with an array of sensor elements (SE) adjacent to a sample chamber (SC). By applying appropriate currents to the heating elements (HE), the sample chamber can be heated according to a desired temperature profile. The local driving units comprise means for compensating variations of their individual characteristics.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining information identifying a predicted trajectory of material-based measurements associated with a transfer of material. The method also includes obtaining actual material-based measurements during the transfer of the material and determining whether the actual material-based measurements fall outside of the predicted trajectory. The method further includes identifying a problem with the transfer of the material if at least one of the actual material-based measurements falls outside of the predicted trajectory. The method may also include generating the predicted trajectory of the material-based measurements using historical data associated with one or more prior transfers, such as historical data associated with at least one pump to be used during the transfer of the material. The actual material-based measurements could include measurements of a level and/or a volume of the material in a tank.

Abstract: Single-use, pre-sterilized, and pre-calibrated, pre-validated sensors are provided. These sensors are designed to store sensor-specific information, such as calibration and production information, in a non-volatile memory chip on the sensor or in a barcode printed on the sensor. These sensors may be utilized with in-line systems, closed fluid circuits, bioprocessing systems, or systems which require an aseptic environment while avoiding or reducing cleaning procedures and quality assurance variances. The sensors exhibit both their primary sensing function such as conductivity, pH level, dissolved oxygen, pressure or temperature, as well as at least one secondary sensing function of risk management or risk mitigation.

Abstract: A method of determining the TOC of a purified water stream is disclosed comprising at least the steps of: passing a supply water stream through a water purification apparatus including an oxidizer to provide a purified water stream, and dispensing at least a portion of the purified water stream; stopping the dispense of the purified water stream and recirculating the purified water stream as a recirculating water stream through at least a portion of the water purification apparatus including the oxidizer to provide a re-oxidized water stream; and measuring the conductivity value of the re-oxidized water stream to determine the TOC of the purified water stream. In this way, a determination of the TOC of the purified water stream of can be provided without requiring a dedicated TOC monitor at the point of dispense of the purified water stream.

Abstract: A monitoring system for monitoring fluid in a fluid supply vessel during operation including dispensing of fluid from the fluid supply vessel. The monitoring system includes (i) one or more sensors for monitoring a characteristic of the fluid supply vessel or the fluid dispensed therefrom, (ii) a data acquisition module operatively coupled to the one or more sensors to receive monitoring data therefrom and responsively generate an output correlative to the characteristic monitored by the one or more sensors, and (iii) a processor and display operatively coupled with the data acquisition module and arranged to process the output from the data acquisition module and responsively output a graphical representation of fluid in the fluid supply vessel, billing documents, usage reports, and/or resupply requests.

Abstract: A slide type liquid sample quantity determiner is provided that may enable the whole of a quantity determining flow path to be surely filled with a liquid sample, and also a quantity determination time to be shortened. An upstream side capillary flow path, a quantity determining capillary flow path, and a downstream side capillary flow path are reduced in diameter in this order. When a slide body is at a liquid sample quantity determination position X, an upstream side opening of the quantity determining capillary flow path is contained in a downstream side opening of the upstream side capillary flow path, and an upstream side opening of the downstream side capillary flow path is contained in a downstream side opening of the quantity determining capillary flow path.

Abstract: An apparatus to test a property of a fluid is provided. The apparatus includes a suspended member to be submerged in a fluid and a control device. The control device is coupled to the suspended member and is configured to pull the suspended member through at least a portion of the fluid to test a property of the fluid.

Abstract: A fuel property sensor includes an electrode portion, a first thermistor, a second thermistor, and a circuit portion. The electrode portion detects an electrostatic capacity varied according to an ethanol concentration in fuel as a fuel characteristic. The first thermistor is disposed in a flowing area inside the electrode portion, where the fuel flows through. The second thermistor is disposed in a non-flowing area where no fuel flows through. The circuit portion which computes the ethanol concentration based on the electrostatic capacity, a first detection value detected by the first thermistor, and a second detection value detected by the second thermistor. Thus, a fuel temperature can be properly detected, and a detection accuracy of the fuel characteristic can be improved.

Abstract: In some aspects, a modular analyte measurement system having a replaceable strip port module is provided to permit contaminated modules to be replaced. Some aspects of the present disclosure related to barriers for strip ports or the sealing of strip ports and/or analyte measurement devices to maintain a clean strip port and/or enable the strip port to be cleaned for reuse. Cleaning tools are also provided. Also provided are strip port interfaces that guide fluid away from the strip port opening, as well as absorptive elements that prevent fluid from entering a strip port. Analyte measurement devices with gravity sensors or accelerometers are also provided, along with methods related thereto. Also provided are docking station that serve as an information server and provides storage and recharging capabilities.

Abstract: In one aspect, a diagnostic test system includes a receptacle, optical detectors, and a logic circuit. Each of the optical detectors has a corresponding view in the receptacle and produces an electrical signal at a respective detector output in response to light from the corresponding view. The logic circuit includes logic inputs that are respectively coupled to the detector outputs and that produce an output logic signal corresponding to a logical combination of signals received at the logic inputs. In another aspect, respective detection signals are produced in response to light received from respective ones of multiple views of the test strip, and at least one output logic signal corresponding to a respective logical combination of the detection signals is generated.

Abstract: Sensor switch includes a compromisable mechanical restrainer and a biased member. Before compromise, the restrainer can hold the biased member in a first position. When contacted with a target chemical and/or composition, the restrainer is physically compromised by being softened or dissolved such that the biased member can assume a second position different from the first position. Monitoring a sample for a target chemical and/or composition can be carried out with the sensor switch.

Abstract: Sensors, such as optical sensors and other sensors used in an aqueous environment are protected from biological contamination by applying a biocide behind a shutter. The shutter is capable of covering a subject portion of the sensor or surrounding mounting surface adjacent the sensor in at least a semi-sealing manner. A well or reservoir forms a chamber in the shutter that is capable of holding a biocide having a limited water solubility and a low environmental toxicity in the aqueous environment, for example, anhydrous iodine crystals. The reservoir is in communication with the portion of the sensor while positioned against the portion of the sensor or surrounding mounting surface adjacent the sensor.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting the presence of liquid material which can reliably detect the presence of the liquid material stored in a liquid material storage tank without depending on the viscosity of the liquid material, and prevent process failures caused by the shortage of the liquid material supplied to a place where the liquid material is used, and the present invention provides a method for detecting the presence of liquid material in a liquid material storage tank when the liquid material filled in the liquid material storage tank is supplied to a place where the liquid material is used through a buffer tank, wherein the method includes: a flow rate-measuring step in which the flow rate of a fluid flowing through a liquid material-supplying line is continuously measured using a fluid flow meter which is fixed in the liquid material-supplying line for supplying the liquid material in the liquid material storage tank into the buffer tank; and a presence-detect

Abstract: Systems and methods used to monitor a fluid where it is important to know the size, concentration and nature of particulates in the fluid. For example, the systems and method can be used to diagnose contamination issues in fluids such as fuel, lubrication, power transfer, heat exchange or other fluids in fluid systems, for example diesel engines or hydraulic systems, where contaminant particles in the fluids are of concern.

Abstract: A method and a device for monitoring the combustion of fuel in a power station are provided. An actual concentration distribution of a material in a combustion chamber is measured, the actual concentration distribution is evaluated, taking into consideration a combustion stochiometry, and conclusions are drawn regarding a composition of the fuel on the basis of the evaluation that has been carried out.

Abstract: A deterioration checking device (2) includes a sight glass (3) through which deterioration of a biofuel stored in a fuel tank is observable as a change in the color of the biofuel, and first and second benchmark sections (4a, 4b) each of which three color samples (11a, 11b, 11c) corresponding to different degrees of deterioration of the biofuel are arranged along the sight glass (3). Deterioration is determined by observing the color samples (11a, 11b, 11c) through the biofuel in the sight glass (3). The arrangement of the color samples (11a, 11b, 1c) of the first benchmark section (4a) and that of the color samples (11a, 11b and 11c) of the second benchmark section (4b) are reversed to each other, so as to cope with the lowering of the liquid level of the biofuel and the rising of the liquid level of a water layer.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a fuel-aspect sensor having higher detection accuracy. A first electrode is inserted into a hole formed in a first housing member. A cylindrical second electrode is inserted into and firmly fixed to the first electrode by a cylindrical insulating member. A first elastic member, for example, made of rubber, is arranged between the first electrode and a second housing member. The first electrode has a large-diameter portion, which is biased by the first elastic member toward a sealing surface formed on an inner wall of the hole, so as to fluid-tightly seal a space between the first electrode and the second housing member.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of determining the effectiveness of an asphaltene deposition inhibitor in oilfield applications. Such methods typically comprising the steps of introducing an oil well fluid into a microfluidic/millifluidic system; introducing a mixture of an asphaltene deposition inhibitor and carrier into the microfluidic/millifluidic system; introducing a precipitating agent, typically comprising heptane, into the microfluidic/millifluidic system; and optionally introducing toluene into the microfluidic/millifluidic system; then observing the presence or absence of asphaltene aggregation within the microfluidic/millifluidic system.

Abstract: Thus, the present invention provides a method for producing a biosensor comprising a substrate coated with a hydrophilic polymer, which comprises allowing a compound generating a reactive group as a result of external stimulus to bind to the surface of a substrate, and then giving external stimulus in a state where a hydrophilic polymer capable of forming a covalent bond with said reactive group is allowed to come into contact with the substrate, so that said hydrophilic polymer is allowed to bind to the substrate surface via a covalent bond with said reactive group.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring dissolved residue concentrations and particulate residue particle concentrations and size distribution in liquids, particularly colloidal suspensions. The method involves separating dissolved and particulate residues in liquids for subsequent analysis of the residue species. The method includes the steps of forming an aerosol from the liquid sample to be analyzed, evaporating the droplets in the aerosol to dryness, detecting and sizing the particles, and determining the liquid volumetric inspection rate. An apparatus for separating dissolved and particulate residues in liquids for determination of the concentrations of the two residue species as well as the size distribution of the particulate species is also disclosed. The apparatus includes a droplet former, a dryer communicatively connected to the droplet former, and a detector communicatively connected to the evaporator for detecting and sizing particles.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides a method for determining orientation of fibers in a fluid having polymer chains, characterized in that the determining of the orientation of the fibers is performed by taking into consideration an interaction between the fibers and the fluid, wherein the interaction between the fibers and the fluid comprises changes in configuration of the polymer chain to cause the entanglement or adsorption between the fibers and the polymer chains. Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for determining orientation of fibers in a fluid having polymer chains, the fibers in the fluid including a transitional movement and a rotatory movement, the method being characterized in that the determining of the orientation of the fibers is performed by taking into consideration a steric barrier effect on a rotary movement of the fibers.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a desalination system comprising a plurality of elongated pressure vessels (PV). Each PV has a longitudinal axis, oriented such that the longitudinal axis thereof is of a vertical orientation. Each of the PVs is adapted to receive therein a plurality n of desalination membranes. The membranes located above the lowermost membrane within the PV have a total weight allowing them to function as a mechanism limiting axial expansion of the lowermost membrane, whereby the PV is free of any additional limiting mechanism.

Abstract: A sensor device for a fuel system, the sensor device comprising sensing means configured to sense a property of fuel within the fuel system, and transmitting means configured to wirelessly transmit a signal representative of the sensed fuel property to a remote receiver. Also a sensor device comprising a photo-diode which is operable to function as an antenna or part of an antenna for the device. Also a method for communicating with a plurality of sensor devices.