Opposing Work Holders Including Specimen Patents (Class 73/846)
  • Patent number: 11391642
    Abstract: A portable pneumatic loading system for simulating the operation of a subway train is provided, comprising a control cabinet, an powered air station and an air cylinder, wherein a proportional directional valve is disposed between the control cabinet and the powered air station, a control cabinet is connected to the powered air station through an air inlet pipe, and the powered air station is connected to the air cylinder through a hose; a PLC, a switching power supply and a guide rail are arranged in the control cabinet, with the PLC and the switching power supply being connected through signal lines to a wiring terminal fixed on the guide rail; a frequency regulating knob, an emergency stop switch, a main start button, a power start button and a power indicator are embedded in five through holes formed on a door of the control cabinet, respectively; a signal line led out from the top of the control cabinet is connected to the proportional directional valve; and, the air cylinder is connected to the proporti
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 17, 2019
    Date of Patent: July 19, 2022
    Assignee: ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY CITY COLLEGE
    Inventors: Zhi Ding, Yu Jiang, Qianqian Lu, Cheng Chen, Yuanji Shao, Yinrui Zhang, Hongbing Zhu, Xiao Zhang
  • Patent number: 11175276
    Abstract: A material testing apparatus comprising a frame having three or more tracks, and a plurality of mounts positioned within the three or more tracks. The mounts including an attachment mechanism to attach the mounts to a material being tested. The mounts including a force measurement elements. Some of the mounts free mounts that move in a track slot within the track, the free mounts free to move to any position within the track slot. The apparatus further comprising a data collector to collect data from the force measurement elements in the mounts when the material is placed under stress, to characterize the material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 13, 2019
    Date of Patent: November 16, 2021
    Assignee: GERBER TECHNOLOGY LLC
    Inventors: Scott M Frankel, James F O'Brien, Nathan Mitchell, David T Jackson
  • Patent number: 8640551
    Abstract: A shear force detection device for detecting a shear force includes: a support body including an opening defined by a pair of straight parts perpendicular to a detection direction of the shear force and parallel to each other; a support film on the support body and closing the opening, the support film having flexibility; a piezoelectric part on the support film and extending astride an inside and outside of the opening and along at least one of the pair of straight parts of the opening when viewed in a plane in which the support body is seen in a substrate thickness direction, the piezoelectric part being bendable to output an electric signal; and an elastic layer covering the piezoelectric part and the support film.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 10, 2013
    Date of Patent: February 4, 2014
    Assignee: Seiko Epson Corporation
    Inventor: Tsutomu Nishiwaki
  • Patent number: 8640550
    Abstract: A shear force detection device for detecting a shear force includes: a support body including an opening defined by a pair of straight parts perpendicular to a detection direction of the shear force and parallel to each other; a support film on the support body and closing the opening, the support film having flexibility; a piezoelectric part on the support film and extending astride an inside and outside of the opening and along at least one of the pair of straight parts of the opening when viewed in a plane in which the support body is seen in a substrate thickness direction, the piezoelectric part being bendable to output an electric signal; and an elastic layer covering the piezoelectric part and the support film.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 28, 2012
    Date of Patent: February 4, 2014
    Assignee: Seiko Epson Corporation
    Inventor: Tsutomu Nishiwaki
  • Patent number: 8359931
    Abstract: A shear force detection device for detecting a shear force includes: a support body including an opening defined by a pair of straight parts perpendicular to a detection direction of the shear force and parallel to each other; a support film on the support body and closing the opening, the support film having flexibility; a piezoelectric part on the support film and extending astride an inside and outside of the opening and along at least one of the pair of straight parts of the opening when viewed in a plane in which the support body is seen in a substrate thickness direction, the piezoelectric part being bendable to output an electric signal; and an elastic layer covering the piezoelectric part and the support film.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 19, 2010
    Date of Patent: January 29, 2013
    Assignee: Seiko Epson Corporation
    Inventor: Tsutomu Nishiwaki
  • Patent number: 8291772
    Abstract: A tester for testing a shear fastener includes: a frame; a stationary chuck connected to the frame; a linear guide comprising a slider; a movable chuck connected to the slider; a movable insert fastened to the movable chuck and having a hole for receiving a first portion of the shear fastener; a stationary insert fastened to the stationary chuck and having a hole for receiving a second portion of the shear fastener; a linear actuator for engaging the movable chuck and fracturing the shear fastener; and a load cell for determining force exerted on the shear fastener by the linear actuator.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 23, 2010
    Date of Patent: October 23, 2012
    Assignee: WWN, Ltd.
    Inventor: Abel Lopez, III
  • Patent number: 8225676
    Abstract: Sealing strip (1) intended to be combined between a vehicle bodywork (2) and glazing (3), characterized in that it constitutes an acoustic damping means when subjected to the action of a vibrational field; it works in shear combined with local movements of the glazing in its plane, while the bodywork deforms in the direction of the local normal to the glazing.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 3, 2009
    Date of Patent: July 24, 2012
    Assignee: Saint-Gobain Glass France
    Inventor: Julien Charlier
  • Patent number: 7975555
    Abstract: An apparatus for simultaneously measuring longitudinal and shear wave speeds in materials under load via echo or transmission is described. The apparatus comprises a housing with an open end, a closed end opposite the open end with a hole in the closed end, and a housing exit port. A spacer resides inside the housing, the spacer having a spacer specimen side and a spacer transducer side. A load transferring body having a transducer hole fits inside the housing and contacts an interior surface of the housing. An ultrasonic transducer fits inside the transducer hole of the load transferring body. A transducer depressing mechanism secures the ultrasonic transducer against the spacer transducer side, whereby users can simultaneously measure longitudinal and shear wave speeds of specimens inserted into the hole in the closed end of the housing and contacting the spacer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 1, 2006
    Date of Patent: July 12, 2011
    Assignee: California Institute of Technology
    Inventors: Shiming Zhuang, Guruswami Ravichandran, Theresa Kidd
  • Patent number: 7389698
    Abstract: A bond strength tester unit is provided for testing adhesive bond strength of a nutplate or the like attached to a substrate, such as by adhesive bonded attachment to a blind side of the substrate in substantial alignment with a substrate opening. The nutplate may be constructed according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,391, and carries a fastener element such as a threaded nut or the like for subsequent connection with a mating fastener element such as a threaded bolt or the like passed through the substrate opening. The tester unit includes a tool tip having a reaction head for engaging the substrate, in combination with an actuator pin for applying a test force of selected magnitude against the adhesively bonded nutplate. In the event of inadequate bond strength, the actuator pin will separate the nutplate from the substrate.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 17, 2006
    Date of Patent: June 24, 2008
    Assignee: Physical Systems, Inc.
    Inventor: Charles G. Hutter, III
  • Patent number: 7363823
    Abstract: A toothbrush includes: a handle shaped and dimensioned to be grasped by a human hand; necks coupled to the handle; bristle supports coupled to the necks; and bristles coupled to the bristle supports. The toothbrush, through the bristles coupled to the bristle supports and the necks, is configured to adapt to a dento-gingival junction and all other changing surfaces encountered during brushing to disrupt plaque. The necks provide (i) resistance above 0.35 kilograms of brushing pressure force and (ii) resiliency below 3.77 kilograms of brushing pressure force. The bristles, the necks, and the bristle supports, in combination, provide (i) resistance above 0.55 kilograms of brushing pressure force and (ii) resiliency below 3.89 kilograms of brushing pressure force.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 11, 2005
    Date of Patent: April 29, 2008
    Assignee: NMOC, LLC
    Inventor: Michael F. Brice
  • Patent number: 7249523
    Abstract: A rheological measurement can be made comprising the steps of disposing a sample to be measured between two opposing surfaces of a fixture; coupling two opposing surfaces of the sample with a corresponding adjacent one of the two opposing surfaces of the fixture to create a secondary sample boundary within the sample; and measuring a rheological parameter of the sample. The two opposing surfaces of the sample are coupled with a corresponding adjacent one of the two opposing surfaces of the fixture by penetrating at least one of the opposing surfaces of the sample with a plurality of protrusions disposed on the corresponding surface of the fixture.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 6, 2005
    Date of Patent: July 31, 2007
    Assignee: California Institute of Technology
    Inventor: Charles Nickerson
  • Patent number: 6962086
    Abstract: A rheometer 1, an example of which is shown in FIG. 1, comprising an upper die 2 and a lower die 3. Extending on the vertical axis of this die arrangement is a pneumatic cylinder shaft 6, which is connected to the heater element 4 and insulator layer 5 of the upper die 2. The lower die 3 is supported by a bearing 8 which allows a lower die to rotate about an axis which is in line with that of the pneumatic cylinder 6. A lower die 3 is caused to oscillate in a rotation manner of at a vertical axis in line with the pneumatic cylinder, which is also connected to a transducer 12 which measures the force needed to keep the upper die to substantially stationary as rotation occurs. Alternatively, a lower die 2 can be have substantially stationery while a rotor head 16 holds the material to be tested. This case the forces required to maintain oscillation of the rotor head 16 in the material are tested by the transducer 12.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 12, 2001
    Date of Patent: November 8, 2005
    Assignee: Prescott Instruments Limited
    Inventors: Philip Prescott, Nick Ourrossoff
  • Patent number: 6877362
    Abstract: A method and a device evaluate a processability of a viscoelastic material. A measuring step and means measure a complex viscosity modulus ?* and two complex elasticity moduli G*1, G*2 in respective two shear ranges with different shear speeds, by the following: varying a vibration frequency and a vibration amplitude at a given temperature range, and controlling a shear stress applied to the viscoelastic material which is mixed under a given mixing condition. The shear stress causes a reactive stress. The complex viscosity modulus ?* and the two complex elasticity moduli G*1, G*2 are measured based on the reactive stress. A first operation operates an apparent activation energy Ea by the following: ?*=A·exp(Ea/RT) where T is temperature, R is gas constant, ?* is complex viscosity modulus. A second operation operates a complex elasticity modulus change ratio G*r, a ratio between the two complex elasticity moduli G*1, G*2.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 15, 2003
    Date of Patent: April 12, 2005
    Assignee: Kinugawa Rubber Ind. Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Masakazu Manaka, Ryoko Nonaka
  • Patent number: 6783272
    Abstract: A disc tribometer for measuring tribological, mechanical and thermal phenomena including at least a first rotary support for receiving a test sample, a second rotary support for receiving a second test sample, means for measuring torque applied to each of the supports, and at least one induction coil positioned to heat one of the test samples.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 4, 2002
    Date of Patent: August 31, 2004
    Assignee: S.A.R.L. Tribolinks
    Inventors: Caroline Richard, Imad Sallit, Davy Dalmas
  • Patent number: 6612184
    Abstract: There is provided a method of testing a joint formed by bonding of two tubulars, which method comprises the steps of holding a first tubular; applying a force to displace a second tubular relative to the first tubular; and removing the force. The final position of the second tubular is then compared with the position which it occupied prior to the application of the force by means of a sensor mounted remotely from the second tubular.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 9, 2000
    Date of Patent: September 2, 2003
    Assignee: Shell Research Limited
    Inventors: Jimmy Lawrence Hollingsworth, Bernd-Georg Pietras
  • Patent number: 6598486
    Abstract: A portable device for measuring the shear properties of a material specimen under applied dynamic circumferential forces against the specimen perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of said specimen. The device may further apply a dynamic force against an end of the specimen. The device includes clamps that hold the specimen at its proximal and distal end, wherein the circumferential force applied to the specimen is affectively applied between the two clamps. The temperature of the specimen may be held constant by controlling the temperature within an environmental chamber through the use of a closed loop PID control system. The force against the specimen is dynamically loaded by a dynamic load reaction frame consisting of a shear load actuator and load reaction structure. A microprocessor-based controller operates the dynamic load reaction frame under closed loop control.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 21, 2001
    Date of Patent: July 29, 2003
    Assignee: EnduraTec Systems Corporation
    Inventors: Kent Vilendrer, Troy Nickel
  • Publication number: 20030136199
    Abstract: Method and apparatus for measuring, monitoring and/or providing an indication of material “damage” in board products, particularly Machine Direction (MD) Shear. In this regard, the present document discloses applying a predetermined force to a board product such that the board product is not deflected beyond its elastic region. The apparatus used for applying the force is preferably of a size or structure suitable for physically limiting the amount of deflection of the board product. By maintaining the board product within its elastic region as such, the occurrence of permanent damage to the board product is reduced. Hence, the disclosed method and apparatus are able to provide a non-destructive indication of MD Shear on the paperboard product being tested, and are thus suitable for use in on-line testing/monitoring of paperboard production.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 12, 2002
    Publication date: July 24, 2003
    Inventors: Murray Singleton, Mark Kortschot
  • Patent number: 6178825
    Abstract: A shear test fixture and method determines the shear strength of a honeycomb having elongated cells extending between two ends filled with a filler material with a load applied to one end relative to the other end introducing shear stress without introducing compression or tension stress for improved shear strength testing.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 28, 1999
    Date of Patent: January 30, 2001
    Assignee: The Aerospace Corporation
    Inventors: Dick J. Chang, Pierre R. Valenzuela, Richard P. Welle
  • Patent number: 6164818
    Abstract: Method and apparatus for measuring viscous heating/heat build-up of viscoelastic materials, such as rubber and polymer compounds. Temperature changes in the viscoelastic material are measured during application of a shearing force to the viscoelastic material. The shearing force is applied by rotating a second die plate relative to a first die plate, which remains stationary. Temperature changes in the viscoelastic material attributable to friction between the first die and an adjacent sealing ring are accounted for, and subtracted out of the final temperature values. The present invention provides an accurate, quantifiable, and repeatable measure of viscous heating/heat build-up of a viscoelastic material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 21, 1999
    Date of Patent: December 26, 2000
    Assignee: Alpha Technologies
    Inventors: John S. Dick, Henry Pawlowski
  • Patent number: 5882929
    Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for maturing a biopolymer tissue construct in vitro prior to use as a replacement construct in vivo as, for example, a graft, implant, or prosthesis. The tissue is seeded with specific cells, exposed to a maturation fluid, such as a synovial-like fluid containing hyaluronic acid, and subjected to selected conditioning and maturation forces, which can include frictional forces, shear forces, and compressive pressure. The tissue is mounted on a first support element and a second surface applies a selected force to the tissue. This maturation process occurs within a maturation chamber. The resultant matured replacement tissue construct is intended to provide a replacement tissue that is more readily integrable in vivo to produce a more durable and functional replacement tissue.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 7, 1998
    Date of Patent: March 16, 1999
    Assignee: Tissue Engineering, Inc.
    Inventors: Timothy W. Fofonoff, Eugene Bell
  • Patent number: 5739436
    Abstract: The present invention generally provides a double-interface shear device for measurement of interface strength between geosynthetics and geomaterials. The device provides for the convenient application of normal loads, for the measurement of interface strength prior to and following deformation along the interface, and for the measurement of volume changes of the specimen normal to the interface. In addition, the invention provides methods of measuring shear strength of the interface between geoengineering materials.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 15, 1996
    Date of Patent: April 14, 1998
    Inventor: Stephen J. Trautwein
  • Patent number: 5712431
    Abstract: A portable device for measuring the shear properties of compacted asphalt mixes under applied dynamic loading conditions. The device includes first and second material retaining members which form a material receiving pocket for containing the compacted asphalt mix. The first and second material retaining members are connected via flexure assemblies which allow movement of the first and second material retaining members only along the longitudinal axis of the compacted asphalt mix. A dynamic load is applied to the flexures, thereby creating a shear condition parallel to the longitudinal axis of the compacted mix. The temperature of the asphalt mix may be held constant by controlling the temperature within an environmental chamber through the use of a closed loop PID control system.The specimen is dynamically loaded by a dynamic loading frame consisting of a servo pneumatic actuator and load reaction structure. A microprocessor-based controller operates the dynamic loading frame under closed loop control.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 1, 1996
    Date of Patent: January 27, 1998
    Assignee: Endura-Tec Systems Corporation
    Inventor: Kent Vilendrer
  • Patent number: 5565626
    Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for simulating pyrotechnic shock for the purpose of qualifying electronic components for use in weapons, satellite, and aerospace applications. According to the invention, a single resonant bar fixture has an adjustable resonant frequency in order to exhibit a desired shock response spectrum upon mechanical impact. The invention eliminates the need for availability of a large number of different fixtures, capable of exhibiting a range of shock response characteristics, in favor of a single tunable system.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 30, 1993
    Date of Patent: October 15, 1996
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of Energy
    Inventor: Neil T. Davie
  • Patent number: 5509298
    Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the fluid characteristics of a sample comprises a frame, at least a first stage mounted on the frame for rectilinear movement, first mounting means mounted on the first stage, and a first member carried by the mounting means, a second member mounted to the frame in register with the first member, at least one of the first member and second member being readily interchangeable, positioning means for moving the first stage to adjust the relative positions of the members whereby a sample carried by one of the members can be brought into contact with the other of the members and whereby to adjust the spacing between the first and second members to a preselected distance, a device for vibrating the first mounting means rectilinearly, and thus the first member carried thereby, at a preselected frequency.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 3, 1991
    Date of Patent: April 23, 1996
    Inventor: Mandranjan S. Cheema
  • Patent number: 5349847
    Abstract: A stationary plate assembly for a rheometer that selectively provides steady state and dynamic testing of melt viscoelastic characteristics of a material sample. The stationary plate assembly has a stationary sample plate magnetically coupled to its supporting member. Therefore, after the steady state testing is complete, the movable plate, material sample and stationary plate may be moved vertically away from the stationary plate supporting member. Therefore, any spurious, erratic rotations of the movable plate when the rheometer is switched form the steady state test mode to the dynamic test mode will not cause a further working of the material sample.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 29, 1993
    Date of Patent: September 27, 1994
    Assignee: Quantum Chemical Corporation
    Inventors: Chun D. Lee, Donald L. Broughton
  • Patent number: 5311767
    Abstract: The invention relates to an instrument and method for measuring the viscoelastic properties of rubber and like materials comprising two opposed dies, each die having a die housing, the dies and housings being moveable between an open position and a closed position, and wherein: a) each die is separated from its housing by a substantially uniform circumferential gap such that the die is rotatable relative to its housing, and one die is rotatable relative to the other, b) in the closed position, the two dies define between them a cavity for holding under pressure a sample of material to be tested, c) the design of the dies and housings is such that during movement from the open position to the closed position, a sample of test material located between the dies is compressed so that excess material is extruded radially from between the dies, across the gap between each die and its housing and through a narrowing space separating the housings until the two housings reach their closed position, in which position t
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 23, 1992
    Date of Patent: May 17, 1994
    Assignee: Monsanto PLC
    Inventors: Michael Mathews, David G. Rusling, Michael J. Stolc
  • Patent number: 5309768
    Abstract: A method of operating an instrument for testing the physical properties of materials in which each of a series of samples of the material to be tested is placed in a test position located between dies, the dies are closed to mould the material to a test shape, a test is carried out on the sample in the mould and after completion of the test the dies are opened and the sample is removed from the test position is characterised in that a film of material which is substantially non-adhesive to the dies under the conditions of the test is provided to cover those surfaces of the sample which, in the absence of the film, would be in contact with the dies, each sample in turn is conveyed to the test position, and mechanical elements are provided for removing each sample from the test position after the completion of the test. Apparatus suitable for use in the method of the invention is also provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 23, 1992
    Date of Patent: May 10, 1994
    Assignee: Monsanto Company
    Inventors: Michael Mathews, David G. Rusling, Michael J. Stolc, Robert I. Barker
  • Patent number: 5289723
    Abstract: A testing apparatus and methods for use with a tensile testing machine for simulating thermal, acceleration, and ignition pressurization loads upon a grain support system of a solid rocket motor during ignition. The apparatus includes a pair of antisymmetrically disposed L-shaped test fixtures within which is attached a test specimen. The test specimen is configured to simulate two propellant grain support systems. The grain support systems in the test specimen are antisymmetrically disposed, thereby permitting two specimens to be tested simultaneously by the application of uniaxial tension to the apparatus.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 5, 1992
    Date of Patent: March 1, 1994
    Assignee: Thiokol Corporation
    Inventors: James R. Thompson, John M. Nelson, Tomio Sato, Toby T. Norris
  • Patent number: 5280730
    Abstract: Apparatus for testing testpieces (11) in the form of small plates, in which the testpiece is grasped between two pairs of jaws (12,13), which can be moved together. The jaws (12,13) are mounted on the platens (1,4) without hyperstaticity, which reduces the risks of introducing parasitic forces. The testpiece can be notched in such a way that its median portion is exposed to shear. The jaws then have adequate lengths to cover the principal faces of the testpiece (11) virtually up to the notches. The shear field is at a maximum and quasi-uniform in the median surface between the notches. This invention is useful for characterizing the interlaminar shear of plates made from composite materials and includes curved testpieces.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 5, 1992
    Date of Patent: January 25, 1994
    Assignee: Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle
    Inventors: Patrick Peres, Michel Cussac
  • Patent number: 5079956
    Abstract: In a method of testing a sample of viscoelastic material held under pressure between two opposing, temperature-controlled dies, the sample is subjected to an oscillatory, rotary shearing force which has a predetermined amplitude and a frequency within the range 0.001 to 2 Hz, and a torque which is indicative of the response of the sample to the shearing force is measured, at least one measurement of the torque being made when the predetermined amplitude is at least .+-.10.degree. but not greater than .+-.360.degree..
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 17, 1990
    Date of Patent: January 14, 1992
    Assignee: Monsanto Europe, S.A.
    Inventors: Henri A. G. Burhin, David P. J. King, Willy A. G. Spreutels
  • Patent number: 4552025
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing samples of viscoelastic materials are shown, in which the sample is contained under pressure between two dies and the forces involved in rotating one die with respect to the other. The method uses different frequencies of oscillatory rotation at different temperatures. The apparatus uses dies with discontinuous protrusions which overlap each other.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 6, 1983
    Date of Patent: November 12, 1985
    Assignee: Monsanto Company
    Inventors: Robert I. Barker, David P. King, Henry A. Pawlowski
  • Patent number: 4445387
    Abstract: A compression shear test jig for determining the internal shear strength of the weakest plane of a wood fiber or particle panel product. The test jig comprises an upper and lower loading head adapted to be used in conjunction with a universal testing machine or press. The upper and lower loading heads are each provided with a sample engaging face disposed at substantially a 45.degree. angle. These faces are in parallel spaced apart relation. The bottom end of the lower face and top end of the upper face are each provided with a sample restraining element. The lower head body includes a base which rests upon a low friction surface permitting unrestrained lateral movement to occur as shear strain develops. Preferably the upper loading head includes a pivoted cap so that compressive force is applied uniformly. The sample engaging faces are preferably formed in separable face plates which are adjustable relative to the loading head bodies to compensate for samples of different thicknesses.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 17, 1982
    Date of Patent: May 1, 1984
    Assignee: Regents of the University of Minnesota
    Inventors: Henry J. Hall, John G. Haygreen
  • Patent number: 4343190
    Abstract: The rheological properties of a viscoelastic material are measured by enclosing a sample of the material between two die members which have protrusions extending therefrom and intermeshing to form shear zones therebetween. The sample is sheared by displacing one member with respect to the other and the displacement force is measured.A die is provided for the test, and means to bias the die members toward each other, to seal them together, to move one member with respect to the other and to measure the force required for such movement are provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 2, 1980
    Date of Patent: August 10, 1982
    Assignee: Monsanto Company
    Inventors: Michael J. Danko, Leslie L. Randall, Ray J. Smith, James E. Walsh