Abstract: Oral health care formulation and method of preparation for the same are disclosed herein. The disclosed oral care composition includes a combination of various herbs and minerals, and may be used to maintain good oral hygiene. Further, a method of oral health care is also disclosed in the various embodiments herein.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing metal components includes the steps of providing a waste feedstock having a selected chemical composition; producing an additive manufacturing (AM) grade alloy powder from the waste feedstock using a cold hearth mixing process; providing an additive manufacturing system; controlling the producing of the alloy powder such that the properties of the alloy powder optimize building of the components using the additive manufacturing system; and building the components using the alloy powder and the additive manufacturing system.

Abstract: Recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from electronic wastes is a promising approach. The existing methods for separation of REE from the secondary sources are not economically viable and scalable. A method and system for separation of rare earth metals from a plurality of secondary sources has been provided. The magnet is obtained from the secondary sources which is then crushed to a coarser size. The powder is then demagnetized by heating and roasted at high temperature to obtain the metal oxides. The metals oxides are then dissolved by acid leaching to obtain leach liquor. Iron is removed from leach liquor by precipitation and separated by filtration. The individual REE is then separated by liquid-liquid extraction. The conditions in liquid-liquid extraction are adjusted such that only desired REE is separated. The extracted REE is then stripped out by acid. The individual rare earth element is then precipitated and dried.

Abstract: A negative active material, a lithium battery including the negative active material, and a method of preparing the negative active material. The negative active material includes a silicon-based alloy including Si, Al, and Fe. The silicon-based alloy includes an active phase of silicon nanoparticles and an inactive phase of Si3Al3Fe2 and Si2Fe in a ratios suitable to improve the lifespan of the lithium battery.

Abstract: A method for preparing hydrophobic gold nanoparticles includes adding 1,2-dichlorobenzene as a solvent to gold precursor and using oleylamine and oleic acid with volume ratio of 7.5:2.5 to 5:5 as surfactants. The size of the prepared gold nanoparticles can be controlled over a broad range and may be utilized in various fields such as bio-imaging, photonic crystallization, sensors, organic catalysts, surface enhanced raman spectrum, electronic devices, etc. Further, a method for colorimetric detection of a strong acid uses hydrophilic nanoparticles that are phase transited from the prepared hydrophobic gold nanoparticles. Up to 5 ppm of low content hydrochloric acid can be detected utilizing phase transited hydrophilic nanoparticles in the colorimetric detection method, and the gold nanoparticles that were used in the detection of strong acid can be reused without loss of activity through neutralization with bases.

Abstract: The invention is directed to systems and methods for making non-hollow, non-fragmented spherical metal or metal alloy particles using diffusion dryers.

Abstract: A method of operation in an ethernet receiver circuit is disclosed. The method comprises sampling an input signal to generate a sampled signal having a sampled noise component and a sampled data component. The sampled signal is sliced, and a slicer error determined based on the slicing of the sampled signal. A subsequently sampled noise component is filtered based on the slicer error.

Abstract: A method for producing magnetic powder for forming a sintered body that is a precursor of a rare-earth magnet. Provided is a method for producing magnetic powder for forming a sintered body that is a precursor of a rare-earth magnet, which can produce magnetic powder with a structure containing optimal nanosized crystal grains by accurately and efficiently sorting out magnetic powder containing no coarse grains in the structure thereof.

Abstract: A method for the production of iron from an iron oxide-containing material includes contacting an iron oxide-containing material with a particle size distribution range with a ?90 of less than 2 mm, with a carbon-containing material with a particle size distribution range with a ?90 of less than 6 mm, in a commercial scale reactor at a temperature of between 900° C. and 1200° C. for a contact time sufficient to reduce the iron oxide to iron.

Abstract: A method for the production of iron from an iron oxide-containing material includes contacting an iron oxide-containing material with a particle size distribution range with a ?90 of less than 2 mm, with a carbon-containing material with a particle size distribution range with a ?90 of less than 6 mm, in a commercial scale reactor at a temperature of between 900° C. and 1200° C. for a contact time sufficient to reduce the iron oxide to iron.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for leaching a material containing a valuable metal and precipitating the valuable metal as a fine-grained powder by changing the electrochemical potential of an intermediary metal in the solution. In the leaching stage the intermediary metal or substance of the electrolyte solution is at a high degree of oxidation and in the precipitation stage another electrolyte solution is routed into the solution, in which the intermediary metal or substance is at a low degree of oxidation. After the precipitation stage the solution containing the intermediary is routed to electrolytic regeneration, in which part of the intermediary is oxidised in the anode space back to a high potential value and part is reduced in the cathode space to its low value.

Abstract: By means of the invention, nanoparticles, which can be pure metal, alloys of two or more metals, a mixture of agglomerates, or particles possessing a shell structure, are manufactured in a gas phase. Due to the low temperature of the gas exiting from the apparatus, metallic nanoparticles can also be mixed with temperature-sensitive materials, such as polymers. The method is economical and is suitable for industrial-scale production. A first embodiment of the invention is the manufacture of metallic nanoparticles for ink used in printed electronics.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of one dimension nano magnetic wires is provided. In the method, the one dimension nano magnetic wires having high magnetization and low coercive force are synthesized from a liquid by means of reduction with an applied magnetic field under normal atmospheric temperature and pressure. The one dimension nano magnetic wire is selected from the groups consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and composites and an alloy thereof.

Abstract: The invention is drawn to novel nanostructures comprising hollow nanospheres and nanotubes for use as chemical sensors, conduits for fluids, and electronic conductors. The nanostructures can be used in microfluidic devices, for transporting fluids between devices and structures in analytical devices, for conducting electrical currents between devices and structure in analytical devices, and for conducting electrical currents between biological molecules and electronic devices, such as bio-microchips.

Abstract: The method for detection of cyanide in water is a method for the detection of a highly toxic pollutant, cyanide, in water using ZnO2 nanoparticles synthesized locally by an elegant Pulsed Laser Ablation technique. ZnO2 nanoparticles having a median size of 4 nm are synthesized from pure zinc metal target under UV laser irradiation in a 1-10% H2O2 environment in deionized water. The synthesized ZnO2 nanoparticles are suspended in dimethyl formamide in the presence of Nafion, and then ultrasonicated to create a homogenous suspension, which is used to prepare a thin film of ZnO2 nanoparticles on a metal electrode. The electrode is used for cyanide detection.

Abstract: A process for production of a chain metal powder, which comprises the steps of reducing metal ions contained in an aqueous solution, while applying a magnetic filed to the solution, in the presence of both a reducing agent capable of generating a gas during the reduction of metal ions and a foamable water soluble compound, through the generation of a gas, a bubble layer on the surface of the aqueous solution to form a chain metal powder, separating the bubble layer formed on the surface of the aqueous solution from the solution, and collecting the chain metal powder contained in the bubble layer.

Abstract: A method for controlling the size of chemically synthesized magnetic nanoparticles that employs magnetic interaction between particles to control particle size and does not rely on conventional kinetic control of the reaction to control particle size. The particles are caused to reversibly agglomerate and precipitate from solution; the size at which this occurs can be well controlled to provide a very narrow particle size distribution. The size of particles is controllable by the size of the surfactant employed in the process; controlling the size of the surfactant allows magnetic control of the agglomeration and precipitation processes. Agglomeration is used to effectively stop particle growth to provide a very narrow range of particle sizes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a Fe—Si alloy powder. A method for manufacturing a Fe—Si alloy powder includes: providing a mixture of an Al2O3 powder, an active agent powder, a Si powder, and a Fe powder; heating the mixture with a temperature of 700° C. to 1200° C. in the hydrogen atomosphere; magnetically separating a Fe-containing material from the mixture; and separating a Fe—Si alloy powder by soaking the Fe-containing material in an alkali solution. In the heating of the mixture, the Si powder is deposited on the surface of the Fe powder and diffused into the Fe powder.

Abstract: A chain metal powder, which is free from branches and has a small distribution of the chain length, can be produced by a process of reducing metal ions contained in an aqueous solution, while applying a magnetic field to the solution containing ferromagnetic ions, in the presence of a polymer compound comprising repeating units of the formula (1): and repeating unit of the formula (2): or repeating unit of the formula (4); or a process which comprises the steps of reducing metal ions contained in an aqueous solution, while applying a magnetic filed to the solution, in the presence of both a reducing agent capable of generating a gas during the reduction of metal ions and a foamable water soluble compound, through the generation of a gas, a bubble layer on the surface of the aqueous solution to form a chain metal powder, separating the bubble layer formed on the surface of the aqueous solution from the solution, and collecting the chain metal powder contained in the bubble layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for leaching a material containing a valuable metal and precipitating the valuable metal as a fine-grained powder by changing the electrochemical potential of an intermediary metal in the solution. In the leaching stage the intermediary metal or substance of the electrolyte solution is at a high degree of oxidation and in the precipitation stage another electrolyte solution is routed into the solution, in which the intermediary metal or substance is at a low degree of oxidation. After the precipitation stage the solution containing the intermediary is routed to electrolytic regeneration, in which part of the intermediary is oxidised in the anode space back to a high potential value and part is reduced in the cathode space to its low value.

Abstract: A process for production of a chain metal powder, which comprises the steps of reducing metal ions contained in an aqueous solution, while applying a magnetic filed to the solution, in the presence of both a reducing agent capable of generating a gas during the reduction of metal ions and a foamable water soluble compound, through the generation of a gas, a bubble layer on the surface of the aqueous solution to form a chain metal powder, separating the bubble layer formed on the surface of the aqueous solution from the solution, and collecting the chain metal powder contained in the bubble layer.

Abstract: A method of making a rare-earth alloy granulated powder according to the present invention includes the steps of: preparing a rare-earth alloy powder; generating remnant magnetization in the powder; and granulating the powder by utilizing agglomeration force produced by the remnant magnetization of the powder. Since the agglomeration force produced by the remnant magnetization is utilized, the addition of a granulating agent may be omitted.

Abstract: A method for the production of iron from an iron oxide-containing material includes contacting an iron oxide-containing material with a particle size distribution range with a ?90 of less than 2 mm, with a carbon-containing material with a particle size distribution range with a ?90 of less than 6 mm, in a commercial scale reactor at a temperature of between 900° C. and 1200° C. for a contact time sufficient to reduce the iron oxide to iron.

Abstract: A method of recycling ruthenium (Ru) and Ru-based alloys comprises steps of: providing a solid body of Ru or a Ru-based alloy; segmenting the body to form a particulate material; removing contaminants, including Fe, from the particulate material; reducing the sizes of the particulate material to form a powder material; removing contaminants, including Fe, from the powder material; reducing oxygen content of the powder material to below a predetermined level to form a purified powder material; and removing particles greater than a predetermined size from the purified powder material. The purified powder material may be utilized for forming deposition sources, e.g., sputtering targets.

Abstract: A system and method for estimating channel characteristics in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with transmitter diversity is presented. The disclosed approach is compatible with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) “Wireless Local Area Network (LAN) Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification.” In the disclosed system and method, an additional training symbol is transmitted during the data period. This provides additional information that may be used to more accurately estimate channel characteristics.

Abstract: A method of producing magnetic metal-filled carbon nanocapsules. An arc chamber comprising a graphitic anode and a composite graphitic cathode containing at least one kind of magnetic metal or it's derivatives is provided, before introducing an inert gas into the arc chamber, applying a voltage across the cathode and the anode by a pulse current, the voltage sufficient, to generate a carbon arc reaction between the cathode and the anode, and finally collecting a deposit formed on the cathode.

Abstract: The present invention discloses s novel synthesis method of nickel fibers. The method of the present invention involves reducing nickel ions in an aqueous solution with a reducing agent in the presence of a base, a pH buffer, and a magnetic field or a surfactant at a temperature of 80-100° C. for a period of time, wherein a pH value of the aqueous solution is not less than 11.0 during the period of time, so that nickel fibers are formed in the aqueous solution. The nickel fibers synthesized in the present invention have a diameter ranging from sub-micron to microns, and a length up to centimeters.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for the electroslag refining of metal, the method includes providing a refining vessel to contain an electroslag refining layer floating on a layer of molten refined metal. The refining vessel representing an upper part of a cooled mould comprises a plurality of superimposed sleeves which are electrically insulated from one another. The top sleeve, being the refining vessel, is substantially a non-consumable electrode and has a current lead electrically insulated from the sleeve. The molten electroslag layer is heated by a refining current which is passed from a power source through the mould and slag layer to the metal pool. An unrefined metal is lowered into the vessel into contact with the molten electroslag layer such that its surface is melted and overheated at the point of contact with the slag such that droplets of the metal are formed and these droplets pass down through the slag and are collected in a pool of molten refined metal beneath the slag.

Abstract: Magnetic composites exhibit distinct flux properties due to gradient interfaces. The composites can be used to improve fuel cells and batteries and effect transport and separation of different species of materials, for example, transition metal species such as lanthanides and actinides. A variety of devices can be made utilizing the composites including a separator, an electrode for channeling flux of magnetic species, an electrode for effecting electrolysis of magnetic species, a system for channeling electrolyte species, a system for separating particles with different magnetic susceptibilities, improved fuel cells, batteries, and oxygen concentrators. Some composites can be used to make a separator for distinguishing between two species of materials and a flux switch to regulate the flow of a chemical species. Some composites can control chemical species transport and distribution. Other composites enable ambient pressure fuel cells having enhanced performance and reduced weight to be produced.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of forming balls includes a metering device 2, a melting device 14 and a cooling device 20. The metering device 14 stamps a desired volume of solid material in the form of a slug 12 which passes through the melting device 14 where it is caused to levitate and transform state from a solid to a molten liquid. The molten liquid material 13 is released from the melting device 14 and descends through the cooling device 20 where it transforms state once again from a molten material to a solid material while maintaining a ball shape. A forming gas is passed over the molten material 13 in a direction opposite to the falling molten material 13. The balls 15 are finally cooled in a cooling bath 32.

Abstract: A non-amalgamated zinc alloy powder for use in an alkaline cell which consists of elements selected from the following compositions (1) to (4);(1) 0.001 to 0.5% by weight of aluminum and 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of bismuth,(2) 0.001 to 0.5% by weight of aluminum, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of bismuth and indium in an amount greater than zero and up to 1.0% by weight,(3) 0.001 to 0.5% by weight of aluminum, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of bismuth and lithium in an amount greater than zero and up to 0.5% by weight,(4) 0.001 to 0.5% by weight of aluminum, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of bismuth, indium in an amount greater than zero and up to 1.0% by weight and calcium or lithium in an amount greater than zero and up to 0.5% by weight;and the balance being zinc and containing iron as an inevitably accidental impurity in an amount of not more than 1 ppm; and which can greatly suppress the evolution of hydrogen gas and maintain the discharge performance on a practical level:and a method to produce the same.

Abstract: A non-amalgamated zinc alloy powder for use in an alkaline cell which consists of elements component selected from among the following combinations (1) to (3):(1) 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of bismuth, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of indium, not less than 0.005% by weight to less than 0.01% by weight of calcium,(2) not less than 0.005% by weight to less than 0.01% by weight of calcium, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of bismuth, 0 to 0.5% by weight of aluminium, and(3) 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of lead, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of indium, 0 to less than 0.01% by weight of calcium, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of aluminium, the balance being zinc and containing 1 ppm or less of iron, and which can greatly suppress the evolution of hydrogen gas and maintain the discharge performance on a practical level, and the method to produce the same.

Abstract: A preparation method of magnetic powders by using ferric compounds added to heavy metal sludges, and then heating under an atmosphere control and at adequate temperature so as to convert heavy metal sludges into magnetic ferrite powders. Owing to the obtained magnetic ferrite powders possess strong surface activity and cannot dissolve in weak acid or alkaline solution, they can be widely applied on waste water treatments.

Abstract: A non-amalgamated zinc alloy powder for use in an alkaline cell which comprises 1 ppm or less of iron and an elemental component selected from among the following combinations (1) to (5):(1) 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of bismuth, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of indium and 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of lead,(2) 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of bismuth, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of indium and 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of calcium,(3) 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of lead and 0 to 1.0% by weight in total of at least one member selected from among bismuth, aluminum and calcium,(4) 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of calcium, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of bismuth and 0 to 0.5% by weight of aluminum, and(5) 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of lead, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of indium, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of calcium and 0 to 0.5% by weight of aluminum, and which can greatly suppress the evolution of hydrogen gas and maintain the discharge performance on a practical level, and a method for the production of the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing ultrafine metal particles by gas-phase pyrolysis of 0.1 to 30% by volume transition metal carbonyl compound diluted with a diluent gas to form a mixed gas, which comprises supplying 1 to 30% by volume of the mixed gas of up to 200.degree. C. and 99 to 70 % by volume of a second diluent gas. The second gas heated to at least 400.degree. C., serves as a heat feed source for gas-phase pyrolysis to a reaction zone. The gases are mixed together there to carry out gas-phase pyrolysis in the presence of a magnetic field of at least 100 gauss.

Abstract: The magnetic properties or, in particular, coercive force of a sintered permanent magnet composed of a light rare earth element, boron and iron can be greatly improved without affecting the residual magnetic flux by the admixture of a relatively small amount of additive elements including heavy rare earth elements, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, niobium and molybdenum. In the inventive magnets, the distribution of the additive element is not uniform but localized in the vicinity of the grain boundaries of the matrix particles. Such a localized distribution of the additive elements is obtain by sintering a powder mixture composed of a powder of an alloy of the base ingredients and a powder containing the additive element or elements.

Abstract: A method of generating iron/cobalt alloy filaments which includes atomizing and spraying a solution of dicobalt octacarbonyl in iron pentacarbonyl through an atomizing hole (12) into a reaction chamber (14) surrounded by a solenoidal field (19), while simultaneously decomposing the solution to produce iron/cobalt filaments.