Abstract: A dipole microphone array is provided for an acoustical stringed instrument of the type having a body and a plurality of strings spaced from the body. The array includes a plurality of microphone assemblies each having a first and a second microphone. The second microphone is out of phase with the first microphone so as to provide a dipole microphone assembly. Each of the microphone assemblies is mounted on the body of the instrument in close proximity to one of the strings.

Abstract: Systems and method for performing adaptive audio signal processing using music as a measurement stimulus signal. A musical stimuli generator may be used to generate musical stimulus signals composed to provide a stimulus with a spectrum that is substantially dense, and ideally white or pink, over a selected frequency range, so that all frequencies of interest are stimulated. The musical stimuli generator may generate melodically pleasing musical stimulus signals using music clips that include any of: a chromatic sequence, a chromatic sequence including chromatic tones over a plurality of octaves, a chromatic sequence including chromatic tones over a selected plurality of octaves, or an algorithmically composed chromatic sequence, to cover a selected frequency range. The musical stimulus signal may be generated as sound into the environment of use. An audio input picks up the sound from the environment, and a sound processor uses the received musical stimulus signal to determine a transfer function.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a cymbal system includes a cymbal and a transducer couplable to the cymbal. The transducer has a sound pressure microphone, and a casing hermetically sealing the sound pressure microphone to prevent communication of air pressure differentials into the sound pressure microphone. The cymbal may be a perforated low volume cymbal. In one embodiment, a method for making a cymbal transducer includes sealing a sound pressure microphone in an airtight enclosure, and configuring the sealed sound pressure microphone for attachment to a cymbal.

Abstract: A controller having proximity sensors associated with a trigger, such as beam sensors, configured to generate proximity data as a function of where each beam is broken along its span. A variety of control signals are be generated, whereby each beam can be configured to be spatially controlled and mapped to mimic other controllers, such as those of a DJ controller or other entertainment device. MIDI messages may be generated in response to positioning a member in a beam as detected by the proximity sensors. Each beam may be configured into a plurality of proximity zones, where a different MIDI message is generated when the member is positioned in the respective proximity zone.

Abstract: In a predetermined sound generation mode, a drive signal having a frequency characteristic corresponding to an operated key is supplied to an excitation unit provided on a soundboard. In response to a mechanical vibration generated by the excitation unit, the soundboard is vibrated so as to generate an acoustic vibration sound corresponding to the operated key. The excitation unit is supported by a supporting unit such that less or no load of the excitation unit except a vibration member vibrated in response to the drive signal is applied to the soundboard. Thus, only a load of the vibration member which is a very light portion of the excitation unit is applied to the soundboard, thereby vibration characteristics of the soundboard being hardly affected. When a sound damping mode is selected, a stopper is permitted to prevent a hammer from striking a sounding body.

Abstract: A wearable control terminal for allowing a user to control a target object includes a contact detector, an impact detector, a motion detector, and a transmitter. The contact detector is mounted on a surface of a first portion of a user's body to detect whether the first portion is in contact with or separated from a second portion of the body based on whether a closed loop conducting path is formed with the first portion and the second portion. The impact detector detects an impact on the control terminal. The motion detector detects a motion of the user based on the results of detection by the contact detector and the impact detector. The transmitter transmits a control signal to the target object according to the detected motion.

Abstract: A planar surfaced electrical musical instrument is provided which is configured to support both feet of a user standing upon it during use. Supported by the device, the standing user may generate sound, such as drums, through a contact of one or both feet with the planar upper surface which is in operative contact with electronic signal generating components which generate an electronic signal correlating to vibrations emanating from the contact point of the user's foot with the planar surface.

Abstract: Electronic musical instruments as disclosed, include sensors to digitize and alter the sound using FSR sensors in the mouthpieces and other elements of the instrument to mimic the variations available in analog instruments.

Abstract: An electronic percussion instrument may include a percussion member that generates vibrations when percussed, a vibration resonance member, a vibration damping member, and an electronic sound generation unit. The vibration resonance member may include a hub portion, a plurality of radial portions extending radially from the hub portion, and a plurality of spiral portions. Each of the spiral portions may be disposed between and connects respective two of the radial portions. Each of the radial portions may be connected to a respective adjacent one of the radial portions by one or more of the spiral portions. The vibration damping member, disposed between the percussion member and the vibration resonance member, may propagate the vibrations generated by the percussion member to the vibration resonance member. The electronic sound generation unit, connected to the vibration resonance member, may sense the vibrations through the vibration resonance member and generate an electronic percussion sound.

Abstract: An electronic drum has an induction board and a securing frame. The induction board has a drumhead, a connection device and a detecting assembly. The connection device is adapted to be electrically connected with an outer acoustic device. The detecting assembly is mounted under the drumhead and is electrically connected with the connection device to detect beats on the drumhead and to send acoustic signal to the connection device. The annular securing frame is mounted around the induction board and has an annular bracket, an outer securing rib and a bottom securing rib. The annular bracket has an outer periphery and a bottom. The outer securing rib protrudes outward from the outer periphery of the annular bracket. The bottom securing rib protrudes from the bottom of the annular bracket.

Abstract: A controller configured to interactively control images, such as visual images including video images in interactive-multi-media including video games and the like. In one preferred embodiment, a controller is configured to generate a plurality of electromagnetic beams, whereby the user may selectively interrupt one or more of the electromagnetic beams to generate, control, or manipulate a visual image, rendered on a display. Advantageously, the user may control the visual image without having to physically depress buttons, to control one or more visual subjects.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument includes a plurality of touch sensors each configured to generate an electrical signal representative of a musical note in response to being touched by a user, one or more proximity sensors each configured to generate an electrical signal representative of a musical key based on a distance between the user and the sensor, a controller configured to generate electrical signals representative of sound based on the electrical signals from the plurality of touch sensors and one or more proximity sensors, and one or more transducers configured to generate sound based on the electrical signals generated by the controller.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for playing existing aerophone musical instruments e.g. bagpipe or constructing new instruments or more general human interaction devices by continuous estimation of the impulse response of the acoustic system of the instrument with the use of probing signal. In the proposed apparatus this is done by means of transducers introducing probing signal and capturing and analyzing the signal resulting from the interaction between the probing signal, the instrument and the player. In contrast to the normal way aerophone instruments are used where a player blows air and stimulates vibration of air this method does not require the player to blow, the generated probing signal can be outside of the audiable sound range and the output of the instrument can be outputted as digital data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing a signal of an electric guitar are provided. An input guitar signal is received by a portable handheld computing device. The input guitar signal is processed using the digital signal. The combined guitar output is transmitted through the portable handheld computing device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electronic drum induction structure, and more particularly to a structure eliminating noise generated from a drumhead of an electronic drum so as to transmit electronic induction sound only. The electronic drum induction structure of the present invention is mainly formed by combining an induction ring with a woven net, where the induction ring is an annular foam, inside which an induction sheet is sandwiched, and an induction signal line is connected; the woven net is formed by weaving resin fibers, and an induction ring is attached on the rear face of the woven net at the inner diameter of the circumference thereof.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for playing existing aerophone musical instruments e.g. bagpipe or constructing new instruments or more general human interaction devices by continuous estimation of the impulse response of the acoustic system of the instrument with the use of probing signal. In the proposed apparatus this is done by means of transducers introducing probing signal and capturing and analyzing the signal resulting from the interaction between the probing signal, the instrument and the player. In contrast to the normal way aerophone instruments are used where a player blows air and stimulates vibration of air this method does not require the player to blow, the generated probing signal can be outside of the audiable sound range and the output of the instrument can be outputted as digital data.

Abstract: A mobile replacement-dialogue recording system enables the creation of replacement-dialogue items by mobile users not at a media recording studio. Studio-users prepare guide media video, audio and text data which are made available to mobile users through a media server. A mobile user's mobile replacement-dialogue recording device obtains guide media and allows the user to view the guide media in rehearsal mode. The mobile replacement-dialogue recording device then records the mobile user's dialogue performance while presenting the mobile user with synchronized guide media. The mobile user can review, delete, and rerecord the resulting potential replacement dialogue, as well as create feedback media characterizing the replacement dialogue. Selected replacement dialogue items can be transmitted to the media server. A studio-module can then obtain the selected replacement dialogue items and feedback media from the media server so that they may be used in media-replacement.

Abstract: Devices and methods for controlling an electronic system are provided. An embodiment of a device comprises a spring having a first end with a first handle and a second end with a second handle. A first sensor detects movement of the first end and a second sensor detects movement of the second end. Each sensor provides a control signal to the electronic system such that the electronic system can act according to the varying control signals. A method comprises providing a spring-based musical instrument and providing a computer having a speaker. The spring is altered by the musician in order to generate control signals to the computer. Sound is generated by the speaker and varied by the computer according to the received control signals.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a detachable electronic drum are described. In one aspect, an electronic drum includes a main support base having a central portion and a periphery surrounding the central portion, a striking unit disposed on the central portion of the main support base, an annular top cover disposed over and around the striking unit such that the striking unit is disposed between the main support base and the annular top cover, and an annular elastic collar coupled to the periphery of the main support base. The annular elastic collar is configured to hook to a drum hoop of a conventional drum when the electronic drum is attached to the conventional drum and disposed over a drumhead of the conventional drum such that no other portion of the electronic drum is in contact with the conventional drum.

Abstract: A programmable pickup director switching system for a musical instrument having a plurality of pickup coils and a pickup director control board communicatively interconnected to the plurality of pickup coils. The system also includes a push/pull potentiometer structured and arranged to activate different combinations of one or more of the plurality of pickup coils, a main multi-position switch having m positions, and a bank select switch having n positions. Additionally, the system includes a switching matrix configured to switch one or more of the plurality of pickup coils into a signal path based on a position of at least one of the main multi-position switch, the bank select switch and the push/pull potentiometer.

Abstract: The musical instrument has a acoustic transducer, which transforms an excitation signal generated by at least one resonator into an acoustic signal. The acoustic transducer is provided with an adjustable oscillation profile, in which at least one profile parameter is defined by a reference profile of a reference instrument.

Abstract: A pickup system for a cajón percussion instrument that includes pickups coupled to the cajón that provide pickup signals to a control box that provides a system output signal. Pickups can be located on different or the same panels of the cajón. Pickups can be near one another to produce similar pickup signals. The system can include audio processors for modifying the pickup signals. The audio processors can include filters for changing amplitude verses frequency responses. The control box can include a summing device for combining the pickup signals. The system can include one or more output jacks. The pickup signals can be provided to different output jacks. The pickups can include piezoelectric pickups, microphones, coils and magnets, or other types of pickups. The control box can include tone and volume controls accessible and adjustable by a player to modify the system output signal.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pickup adapted to be secured to a stringed musical instrument, such as a guitar or bass or the like, of the type having a plurality of magnetic strings of ferromagnetic composition such as steel tensioned to provide musical notes under mechanical stimulation such as picking is disclosed. The electromagnetic pickup comprises at least one magnetized core having a length and a width. An electrically conductive material is wound into at least one coil around the magnetized core, and a ferromagnetic material such as iron, nickel, cobalt or alloys thereof is positioned on at least one side of the length and internally of at least a portion of the electrically conductive material. The electromagnetic pickup is mounted proximate the strings in such a manner that magnetic field of the pickup extends to the strings for the purpose of generating an output electrical signal analogous to the musical notes.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing sounds in musical instruments are provided. In one approach, a musical instrument includes: a primary sound producing mechanism; a primary sound producing surface, wherein movement of the primary sound producing mechanism by a user causes the primary sound producing surface to produce a sound; a secondary device contacting the primary sound producing surface; and a controller operatively connected to the secondary device and configured to cause the secondary device to vibrate the primary sound producing surface to produce a sound by the musical instrument.

Abstract: A soundboard acoustic transducer, including: a main body; and a vibrator configured to vibrate a soundboard in response to a sound signal input thereto, wherein the main body is supported by a member different from the soundboard, via a fixture formed by a metal plate.

Abstract: A system for remotely generating sound from a musical instrument. In one embodiment, the system includes an input configured to receive a signal representative of the sound of a first musical instrument, an exciter for converting the signal to mechanical vibrations, and a coupling interface for coupling the mechanical vibrations into a second musical instrument.

Abstract: A system and method for playing a multi-player music video game with a drum system video game controller is provided. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method for providing a drum solo with a music based multi-player video game. In another embodiment, the invention relates to a system for providing analog input from one or more drum sensors used in game play associated with a music based multi-player video game. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for preventing interference between the one or more drum sensors. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method for mapping digital information indicative of input to a video game controller in a first form to information in a second form, the second form conforming to a protocol for inputs to a video game console executing a music based multi-player video game.

Abstract: Synthetic multi-string musical instruments have been developed for capturing and rendering musical performances on handheld or other portable devices in which a multi-touch sensitive display provides one of the input vectors for an expressive performance by a user or musician. Visual cues may be provided on the multi-touch sensitive display to guide the user in a performance based on a musical score. Alternatively, or in addition, uncued freestyle modes of operation may be provided. In either case, it is not the musical score that drives digital synthesis and audible rendering of the synthetic multi-string musical instrument. Rather, it is the stream of user gestures captured at least in part using the multi-touch sensitive display that drives the digital synthesis and audible rendering.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a cymbal system includes a cymbal and a transducer couplable to the cymbal. The transducer has a sound pressure microphone, and a casing hermetically sealing the sound pressure microphone to prevent communication of air pressure differentials into the sound pressure microphone. An air gap is provided between the sound pressure microphone and the casing. The cymbal may be a perforated low volume cymbal. In one embodiment, a method for making a cymbal transducer includes sealing a sound pressure microphone in an airtight enclosure that includes an air gap between the microphone and enclosure wall, and configuring the sealed sound pressure microphone for attachment to a cymbal.

Abstract: An electronic music stand system and methodologies relating thereto are presented. The electronic music stand system is comprised of a performer subsystem comprising a processing subsystem, librarian logic, performance logic, and communications management logic. The communications management logic provides management of communication via the communications interface with external apparatus responsive to the performance logic and the librarian logic. The user input apparatus and the display apparatus can be integrated into a touch-screen input display. The user input apparatus can alternatively be at least one of a touch-tablet, a stylus-based writing tablet, a mouse, a keyboard, a joystick, a game controller, and a switch.

Abstract: A cymbal pickup is described, including a sensor detecting the vibration of the cymbal, and a sensor attaching part to which the sensor is attached. The cymbal has, through its center, a hole that allows a rod to be inserted through. The sensor attaching part includes: a first abutting part having a first insertion hole for pass of the rod, a second abutting part configured opposite to a side of the first abutting part and having a second insertion hole for pass of the rod, and an insertion part between the two abutting parts to maintain a separation distance between the opposite sides of the two abutting parts. The sensor is attached to a side of the first or the second abutting part. The cymbal pickup abuts the cymbal and is fixed together with the cymbal to detect its vibration while the rod is inserted through them.

Abstract: A percussion attachment is provided to be detachably installed on a percussion instrument. The percussion attachment includes a main body part having a struck part to be struck by a player, an extended part extending from a side surface of the main body part to be locked to one of the tension bolts, and a restricting part protruding from the side surface of the main body part near the extended part and supporting the percussion instrument to restrict a displacement of the main body part in a state that the extended part is tightened together with the hoop by one of the tension bolts.

Abstract: An electronic hi-hat cymbal controller is disclosed. The controller includes a hi-hat cymbal stand having a pedal and a shaft. The pedal is configured and arranged to move the shaft. A lower cymbal is mounted to the hi-hat cymbal stand and an upper cymbal is mounted to the shaft. A sensor assembly is mounted to the hi-hat cymbal stand. The sensor assembly is configured and arranged to detect the position of the upper cymbal relative to the lower cymbal.

Abstract: As described herein, a sound pickup for musical cymbals includes an integrated assembly attachable to a cymbal stand. The integrated assembly includes a plurality of microphones arranged and electrically connected such that the resulting amplified sound is of optimal quality and of relatively constant loudness regardless of cymbal tilt. In one embodiment, two microphones are used, with the signal phase from one microphone being inverted prior to combination with the signal from the other microphone. The inversion is implemented using an inverter and serves to cancel signals that are in phase with one another and augment signals that are out of phase with one another. This, along with suitable placement of the pickup, exploits the fact that the more desirable components of the cymbal's vibration at the inflection point of the cymbal are out of phase with each other, whereas the less-desirable components are in phase with each other.

Abstract: A musical tone control device capable of generating a hi-hat sound intended by the performer operates such that, when striking surface position information corresponds to a first position, instructions are provided to stop generating a musical tone with a first timbre (or that satisfies another predetermined condition), when the striking surface position has reached a predetermined second position higher than the first position after instructions are provided to generate the musical tone. Since, the performer's intention is reflected in the transition state of the striking surface position, a musical tone according to the performer's intention can be generated.

Abstract: Process for synthesis of a synthesized audio signal, in which at least one audio signal of contact is produced for each excitation contact of a sequence of contacts carried out on a vibrating body (2). A partial attenuation signal of remanence is generated from at least one vibration signal representative of the vibration of the vibrating body (2) generated by at least one excitation contact, named partial contact, the partial attenuation signal of remanence being representative, of a partial attenuation of at least one remanent audio signal of contact, resulting from an excitation contact that is previous to said partial contact. The synthesized audio signal after said partial contact is produced by mixing the audio signal of contact of said partial contact and each remanent audio signal of contact affected by the partial attenuation signal of remanence. The invention extends to a device (3) for synthesizing said synthesized audio signal.

Abstract: Based on acceleration-sensor values from a three-dimensional acceleration sensor 23, CPU 21 of a performance apparatus 11 determines a timing at which a musical tone is generated. Further, based on the acceleration-sensor values of the acceleration sensor 23 given at a predetermined timing, for example, at a time when a player starts swinging of the performance apparatus 11, a roll angle of the performance apparatus 11 rotating about an axis in its longitudinal direction is calculated. A timbre of musical tones to be generated is determined based on the calculated roll angle.

Abstract: A pickup cable for a stringed instrument can switch between the output of the direct vibrational sound of strings and the output of the sound from the stringed instrument body generated by the vibrations of the strings and can also simultaneously output both the sound components. The pickup cable for a stringed instrument includes an input terminal to be inserted in a jack of the stringed instrument; a microphone to collect and convert sound of an internal space of the stringed instrument into collected-sound electrical signals; and an output terminal to output the collected-sound electrical signals. The microphone is incorporated in the input terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stringed instrument that includes a plurality of strings and a pickup to which each of the plurality of strings is respectively coupled that is connectable to a computer to implement DSP modeling. A serial interface circuit is coupled to the pickup and to a digital connector that formats each digital string vibration signal received from the pickup into a digital serial protocol. A computer is coupled by a serial link to the digital connector such that the computer receives each serially formatted digital string signal (SFDSS). The computer operates at least one audio DSP-based software module to process each received SFDSS wherein each SFDSS is processed in order to emulate a corresponding string tone of one of a plurality of stringed instruments to create an emulated digital string tone signal (EDSTS). Each EDSTS is then transmitted back over the serial link to the stringed instrument for playback.

Abstract: Techniques have been developed for capturing and rendering musical performances on handheld or other portable devices. The developed techniques facilitate the capture, encoding and use of gesture streams for rendering of a musical performance. In some embodiments, a gesture stream encoding facilitates audible rendering of the musical performance locally on the portable device on which the musical performance is captured, typically in real time. In some embodiments, a gesture stream efficiently codes the musical performance for transmission from the portable device on which the musical performance is captured to (or toward) a remote device on which the musical performance is (or can be) rendered. Indeed, is some embodiments, a gesture stream so captured and encoded may be rendered both locally and on remote devices using substantially identical or equivalent instances of a digital synthesis of the musical instrument executing on the local and remote devices.

Abstract: A piano is equipped with an actuator that moves the piano pedal mechanism in a manner that reproduces the pedaling effects of an original performance with high accuracy. The actuator comprises a solenoid, a permanent magnet, a velocity sense coil, and a Hall-effect sensor. The Hall-effect sensor provides an indication of the displacement of the solenoid plunger in accordance with an inverse-square law. Closed-loop feedback control is provided to effect a very true reproduction of pedaling effects. Automatic calibration allows for simple installation.

Abstract: A pickup device mountable on a body of an electric stringed musical instrument and configured to convert vibrations of strings of the musical instrument into electric signals, including: at least one magnet each being disposed near one of the strings when the pickup device is mounted; a coil wound around the magnet; and a magnetic attaching member which is conductably connected to the coil and which can be magnetized, wherein the magnetic attaching member is constituted by a magnet which is magnetically attachable to an attachment member provided on a surface of the body, wherein the attachment member is conductably connected to at least one electric component provided on the body, and wherein the magnetic attaching member is configured such that an electrically conductive state can be established between the magnetic attaching member and the attachment member when the magnetic attaching member is magnetically attached to the attachment member.

Abstract: An electronic percussion instrument may include a percussion member that generates vibrations when percussed, a vibration resonance member, a vibration damping member, and an electronic sound generation unit. The vibration resonance member may include a hub portion, a plurality of radial portions extending radially from the hub portion, and a plurality of spiral portions. Each of the spiral portions may be disposed between and connects respective two of the radial portions. Each of the radial portions may be connected to a respective adjacent one of the radial portions by one or more of the spiral portions. The vibration damping member, disposed between the percussion member and the vibration resonance member, may propagate the vibrations generated by the percussion member to the vibration resonance member. The electronic sound generation unit, connected to the vibration resonance member, may sense the vibrations through the vibration resonance member and generate an electronic percussion sound.

Abstract: An electronic percussion instrument including: a detecting section which is provided in a stick and detects acceleration and angular speed based on movement of the stick; a first timing generating section which generates beat timing based on a predetermined tempo and beat width; a first pre-sound-production movement detecting section which detects a pre-sound-production movement that is performed prior to sound production, based on the acceleration and the angular speed detected by the detecting section; and a sound production instructing section which instructs to produce a sound at the beat timing generated by the first timing generating section, when the first pre-sound-production movement detecting section detects the pre-sound-production movement.

Abstract: Musical instrument pickups and methods of constructing same to achieve a user-desired signal output level and a user-desired tonal characteristic from a stringed instrument are disclosed. The method may include steps for selecting a coil geometry, selecting a number of coils, selecting a coil wire gauge and number of turns for each coil and selecting a pole piece. In selecting the pole piece consideration may be given to pole piece composition, pole piece thickness, height and width, and pole piece response in terms of relative inductive and relative resonant frequency characteristics and/or the shape of the frequency response in the vicinity of resonance.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a musical performance device by which the arrangement of a virtual musical instrument set is suitably changed based on the position of the instrument player, and whereby the instrument player need not play in an uncomfortable position. In the present invention, set layout information includes standard set layout information that serves as reference for the arrangement of a plurality of virtual pads, and a CPU judges whether an operation to form a square has been performed with a pair of drumstick sections. When judged that this operation has been performed, the CPU uniformly adjusts the arrangement of the virtual pads based on preset position coordinates on a captured image plane corresponding to the standard set layout information and the position coordinates of the drumstick sections on the captured image plane at the time of the operation to form a square.

Abstract: A vocal tuning device for use with a microphone is provided, comprising a housing having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end includes a first connector operably matable with a microphone and capable of receiving an input signal from the microphone in response to a user's voice; a display on the housing capable of providing a visual indicia to a user; processing circuitry within the housing and operably connected between the first connector and the display, wherein the processing circuitry compares the frequency of the input signal to a natural note frequency, and causes the visual indicia to indicate whether the natural note frequency is matched by the frequency of the input signal. In one embodiment, the second end of the device includes a second connector operably matable with a microphone cable.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a cymbal system includes a cymbal and a transducer couplable to the cymbal. The transducer has a sound pressure microphone, and a casing hermetically sealing the sound pressure microphone to prevent communication of air pressure differentials into the sound pressure microphone. The cymbal may be a perforated low volume cymbal. In one embodiment, a method for making a cymbal transducer includes sealing a sound pressure microphone in an airtight enclosure, and configuring the sealed sound pressure microphone for attachment to a cymbal.

Abstract: A method of making musical sounds from a musical instrument may include amplifying musical sounds from vibrations of a vibrating element when a musical instrument is played, sensing forces between the musical instrument and the vibrating element and altering the forces applied to the vibrating element in response to the sensed forces to emulate musical sounds produced by a musical instrument having different musical characteristics, for example, to emulate an acoustic guitar. Piezoelectric material or magnetic material may be used to apply forces along one or more than one axis of vibration and may be controlled by a replaceable element and/or in response to user adjustments. The applied forces may be adjusted to control relative phase between the sensed and applied forces to avoid unwanted musical effects, such as unwanted sustained oscillation, in response to a fundamental period of the vibrations or random number generation to change the vibration waveform.

Abstract: A dipole microphone array is provided for an acoustical stringed instrument of the type having a body and a plurality of strings spaced from the body. The array includes a plurality of microphone assemblies each having a first and a second microphone. The second microphone is out of phase with the first microphone so as to provide a dipole microphone assembly. Each of the microphone assemblies is mounted on the body of the instrument in close proximity to one of the strings.