With Magazine Patents (Class 89/33.1)
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Patent number: 7500421Abstract: A magazine for an automatic shell-firing weapon mounted on a gun carriage, wherein the magazine is adapted to contain a belt and comprises two closed magazine portions interconnected by a closed transfer channel. The two magazine portions are disposed on opposite sides of the weapon. In a fully loaded state of the magazine, a front section of the belt is disposed in a first magazine portion disposed on a belt supply side of the weapon. The upper part of the first magazine portion has a removal opening that faces the weapon. A rear section of the belt is disposed in a second magazine portion on the opposite side of the weapon. A middle section of the belt is guided through the transfer channel.Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 2005Date of Patent: March 10, 2009Assignee: Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KGInventor: Wolfgang Becker
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Publication number: 20080173168Abstract: A smooth-bore barrel semi-automatic shotgun include a frame comprising a breech. A barrel is slidingly mounted on the frame relative to the breech. A slide-bolt assembly, which slides relative to the breech, is adapted to close the barrel. A friction spring opposes the barrel's sliding movement relative to the frame.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 23, 2008Publication date: July 24, 2008Applicant: FABBRICA D'ARMI PIETRO BERETTA S.P.A.Inventor: Ugo Gussalli Beretta
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Patent number: 7383657Abstract: A magazine loader including a body including a front strap, a back strap and side panels extending between the front and back straps, a hollow portion being defined between the front and back straps and side panels for receiving therein a firearms magazine, wherein the front and back straps and side panels are configured to substantially match an outer contour of a grip of a given manufacturer's weapon, and a tongue extending from an upper portion of the body with a cartridge contact surface that faces towards the hollow portion, wherein when a magazine is placed in the hollow portion the cartridge contact surface is positioned to push a cartridge into the magazine.Type: GrantFiled: July 18, 2005Date of Patent: June 10, 2008Inventor: Dov Pikielny
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Publication number: 20080127539Abstract: A quick-release magazine for use with firearms is provided, the magazine comprising a conventional firearm magazine and a spring, the spring comprising a center plate with two fins projecting outwardly from the plate. The spring is positioned between the floor plate and base pad of the magazine, with the center plate of the spring aligning with the magazine and the fins projecting outwardly from the plate. When the magazine of the present invention is inserted into a firearm, the fins are compressed between the magazine and the gun. The compressed fins provide a forceful ejection from the firearm when the magazine must be replaced.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 17, 2004Publication date: June 5, 2008Inventor: Douglas R. Schaffer
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Publication number: 20080121098Abstract: A system for launching a countermeasure device is disclosed. In the illustrative embodiment, the system uses an electromagnetic catapult to throw a countermeasure payload, wherein the azimuth, elevation, and propulsive force of the electromagnetic catapult are controllable.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 26, 2006Publication date: May 29, 2008Applicant: LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATIONInventors: Randy L. Gaigler, George Raymond Root, Benjamin D. Skurdal, Leszek Stanislaw Basak
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Publication number: 20080121096Abstract: A trigger group assembly for a semi-automatic shotgun includes a follower pin that is slideably attached to a sliding track assembly. The follower pin engages a pair of tracks to facilitate cooperation the sliding track assembly's carrier with the shell retainer of a detachable magazine in such a way that when the bolt is propelled rearward, a cartridge is released from the magazine, and when the bolt is propelled forward, the cartridge is lifted by the carrier into the path of the bolt and loaded into the chamber of the firearm.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 31, 2008Publication date: May 29, 2008Inventors: Jeffrey Hajjar, Warren Stockton
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Patent number: 7373751Abstract: A quick-release magazine for use with firearms is provided, the magazine comprising a conventional firearm magazine and a spring, the spring comprising a center plate with two fins projecting outwardly from the plate. The spring is positioned between the floor plate and base pad of the magazine, with the center plate of the spring aligning with the magazine and the fins projecting outwardly from the plate. When the magazine of the present invention is inserted into a firearm, the fins are compressed between the magazine and the gun. The compressed fins provide a forceful ejection from the firearm when the magazine must be replaced.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 2004Date of Patent: May 20, 2008Inventor: Douglas R. Schaffer
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Patent number: 7219462Abstract: A receiver is configured to receiver a tabbed magazine. The receiver includes a receiver well having a slot configured to accept the tab on the tabbed magazine. In operation, the tabbed magazine can be inserted into the receiver well without having to rotate the tabbed magazine into the receiver well. A magazine catch engages a locking feature in a rib of the tabbed magazine so as to support the tabbed magazine in the receiver well. Once the tabbed magazine is empty, the tabbed magazine can be ejected by pressing a magazine release button without the need to rock the tabbed magazine out of the receiver well. The magazine release button can be configured to allow the user to eject the tabbed magazine by pressing the magazine release button on either side of the receiver. Once a loaded tabbed magazine is placed into the receiver well, the user can press a bolt stop button to release a bolt stop.Type: GrantFiled: February 9, 2004Date of Patent: May 22, 2007Assignee: Rock River Arms, Inc.Inventor: James Finn
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Patent number: 7174666Abstract: Integral extensions to aid in the extraction of ammunition magazines from ammunition pouches are provided by permanently attaching a handle to existing or modified floor plates. In one embodiment, a substitute floor plate is molded with a handle projecting from its outer face. In a second embodiment, a handle with a grip and a terminal end is provided with an attachment structure on the terminal end. Floor plates are then either modified by cutting anchoring holes to allow for the attachment of such handles without hindering use in an ammunition magazine or molded with said anchoring holes.Type: GrantFiled: September 17, 2002Date of Patent: February 13, 2007Inventor: Richard Mark Fitzpatrick
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Patent number: 7069683Abstract: A firearm having a slide includes a magazine for accommodating a round of ammunition and a magazine follower disposed within the magazine. The magazine follower supports the round of ammunition and includes an outwardly extending protruding lip having a distal end which extends beyond a plane defined by an outer wall of the magazine.Type: GrantFiled: February 10, 2004Date of Patent: July 4, 2006Assignee: Smith & Wesson Corp.Inventor: John Kapusta
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Patent number: 7010878Abstract: A trigger system for an automatic handgun includes a trigger bar sized to be installed in an interior space behind a trigger by movement from the magazine well. The trigger bar is first inserted into the inlet opening of the magazine well and into the interior space which includes a front cavity having a pair of spaced apart upper shoulders and lower shoulders that limit movement of the trigger bar upwardly and forwardly respectively. The interior space further includes a rear cavity that includes a pair of spaced apart lower ledges and a pair of spaced apart rear walls for limiting the rearward and downward movement of the trigger bar. The front cavity is adjacent the trigger and trigger guard. The rear cavity is formed within the handgrip. The trigger system and method is specifically designed for a Colt 1911 .45 pistol with an enlarged magazine well inlet opening for receiving an enlarged stagger magazine.Type: GrantFiled: April 10, 2000Date of Patent: March 14, 2006Assignee: Wilson's Gun Shop, Inc.Inventor: Alexander Benjamin du Plessis
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Patent number: 6978709Abstract: A breech device for bolt-action firearms includes a breech body reciprocating in the receiver and rotatable into locking position. In its front part, the breech body has locking lugs located in three sectors, the locking lugs in at least two sectors being formed in a breech device equipped with a magazine loaded in parallel so that there are four guide surfaces to limit rotation between the receiver and the breech body, and the breech body has a recessed locking surface for the cartridge at its end. The locking surface of the cartridge has been extended downwardly to form a glide surface passing between the locking lugs so that the rear surface of the cartridge case slides on the glide surface and the locking surface into locking position as the cartridge is ejected from the magazine into the cartridge housing.Type: GrantFiled: March 5, 2002Date of Patent: December 27, 2005Assignee: Sako OyInventors: Juha Aalto, Kari Kuparinen
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Patent number: 6952894Abstract: A cartridge magazine system comprises a case. The case has a hollow generally rectilinear configuration with two side faces and a front face and a flat rear face with the case having a base end with a base plate and an open upper end thereby forming an interior recess. A spring has an upper end and a lower end positioned on the base plate. A follower is positioned within the recess upon the spring with a central section having a front and a rear. Lastly, a dimple in a generally hemispherical configuration extends upwardly from the central section and is located to thereby fit into the annular recess of a bullet there above.Type: GrantFiled: September 17, 2003Date of Patent: October 11, 2005Inventor: Thomas Vieweg
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Patent number: 6877414Abstract: A storage magazine for propellant charge modules for artillery cannons including a set of walls delimiting compartments in which the modules are arranged in superimposed rows, such modules for removal by a pick up system, at least one mobile support for receiving a row of modules, such support in a first extraction position for filling the row and in a second storage position for removing the modules by a pick up system.Type: GrantFiled: May 28, 2002Date of Patent: April 12, 2005Assignee: Giat IndustriesInventors: Patrick Minard, Philippe Gitton, Jean Cottet Dumoulin
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Patent number: 6877415Abstract: A transport container with a removable cover which is repeatedly removable and refastenable to the transport container. The transport container is sized to accommodate a plurality of individual premeasured charges of gunpowder. Each of the plurality of individual premeasured charges of gunpowder comprises a tube which is open at least one end thereof and the at least one open end of the tube is sealed with a removable cap once a suitable quantity of the loose granular charge of gunpowder is loaded therein. Each individual premeasured charge of gunpowder is loaded with gunpowder which has a relatively low moisture content to facilitate reliable and substantially complete ignition of all of the gunpowder ignition, upon detonation of a firearm.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 2003Date of Patent: April 12, 2005Assignee: Legend Products CorporationInventors: Mark Andrew Griesbach, Brett Neal Epstein
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Patent number: 6874266Abstract: A device to provide storage of a firearm cartridge (26) within a firearm frame cavity (30) consisting of an insert body (10) shaped to fit within the frame cavity of the firearm while securely holding the firearm cartridge. The insert body contains a pair of rigid poles (12,14) attached to a pair of half disks (32,34) that secure the inserted cartridge by tensions created due to the rigidity of the poles when the inserted firearm cartridge forces the poles to their proximal positions. During insertion to the firearm frame cavity, the rigid stopper support (44) of the insert body is urged to its proximal position, but returns to its distal position when the stopper (18) engages the lanyard hole (48) of the frame cavity. Applying a downward force to the front bottom edge (24) of the insert body forces the rigid stopper support back to its proximal position and disengages the stopper from the lanyard hole facilitating removal of the insert body with the stored firearm cartridge still attached.Type: GrantFiled: December 1, 2003Date of Patent: April 5, 2005Inventor: Larry Shuming Kong
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Publication number: 20040244572Abstract: A weapon system having a gun barrel and an in bore air regulation system. The gun barrel has a first end and a second end. The gun barrel has a bore formed therein that extends from the first end towards the second end. The bore is adapted to receive a round. The in bore air regulation system is operably attached to the gun barrel so that the in bore air regulation system is in communication with the bore to regulate air pressure in the bore and thereby control the position of the round in the bore.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 5, 2004Publication date: December 9, 2004Inventors: Dennis W. Borgwarth, John F. Revolinski, Chad L. Hellwig, Jeffrey V. Ireland
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Patent number: 6796300Abstract: A magazine for a bullet-shooting pneumatic firearm comprises a casing 1. Inside the casing 1 a closed passage 2 is provided, equipped with containers 3 with bullets 5. The magazine has a bullet opening 11 in a wall 9 of the casing 1, through which the bullet 5 during the shot, under the action of a portion of gas, gets from the container 3 into a bullet passage 12 of a barrel 10 of the firearm. The opening 11 is disposed coaxially with the bullet passage 12 of the barrel 10 of the firearm and with a through opening 4 of the container 3occupying such position before each shot. In the wall 9 of the casing 1 above the closed passage 2 above the through opening 4 of the containers 3 a port 14 is provided for receiving an external arm 15 of a striker-and-trigger mechanism 16, under the action of which the containers 3 move along the closed passage 2, each container 3 being positioned sequentially to the shooting line.Type: GrantFiled: October 20, 2003Date of Patent: September 28, 2004Assignee: Zakrytoe aktsionernoe obshchestvo Gruop “ANICS”Inventors: Aleksei Lvovich Petrosyan, Aleksei Borisovich Shipachev
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Patent number: 6742298Abstract: A carrier lock for use in semi-automatic firearms.Type: GrantFiled: April 18, 2003Date of Patent: June 1, 2004Assignee: RA Brands, LLCInventors: Bradley Phillip Howard, Edward Donald Schoppman
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Patent number: 6739082Abstract: A firearm including a barrel, an upper receiver, a lower receiver, a cartridge magazine top, a magazine follower, and a magazine spring. The upper receiver has the barrel attached thereto. The lower receiver is pivotably attached to the upper receiver. The lower receiver comprises a one piece frame member forming a magazine well with an integral substantially closed bottom end. The magazine top is stationarily attached to the lower receiver. The magazine top comprises inward projecting rear cartridge retaining ears and front cartridge feeding lips at a top aperture through the magazine top. The magazine follower is movably located in the magazine well of the lower receiver. The spring is located between the closed bottom end of the magazine well and the magazine follower.Type: GrantFiled: February 4, 2003Date of Patent: May 25, 2004Assignee: Shoeless Ventures, Inc.Inventor: Craig A. Christensen
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Patent number: 6736125Abstract: A magazine for a bullet-shooting pneumatic firearm comprises a casing 1. Inside the casing 1 a closed passage 2 is provided, equipped with containers 3 with bullets 5. The magazine has a bullet opening 11 in a wall 9 of the casing 1, through which the bullet 5 during the shot, under the action of a portion of gas, gets from the container 3 into a bullet passage 12 of a barrel 10 of the firearm. The opening 11 is disposed coaxially with the bullet passage 12 of the barrel 10 of the firearm and with a through opening 4 of the container 3 occupying such position before each shot. In the wall 9 of the casing 1 above the closed passage 2 above the through opening 4 of the containers 3 a port 14 is provided for receiving an external arm 15 of a striker-and-trigger mechanism 16, under the action of which the containers 3 move along the closed passage 2, each container 3 being positioned sequentially to the shooting line.Type: GrantFiled: October 24, 2002Date of Patent: May 18, 2004Assignee: Zakrytoe aktsionernoe obshchestvo Gruop “ANICS”Inventors: Aleksei Lvovich Petrosyan, Aleksei Borisovich Shipachev
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Patent number: 6681678Abstract: A revolving ammunition magazine for shells, which has an number of elongate, first ammunition holder elements (14) which are distributed uniformly in relation to one another around a center axis (12) and designed and positioned so as to be capable of holding at least two shells (G1, G2) lying essentially parallel to and at a different radial distance from the center axis (12), and second ammunition holder elements (14a, 14b, 16b, 18b) designed and arranged so as to be capable of holding at least one shell (G3) essentially parallel to the centre axis (12) and between the first ammunition holder elements (14) at the same radial distance from the center axis (12) as the radially outer shells (G1) in the first holder elements (14).Type: GrantFiled: August 19, 2002Date of Patent: January 27, 2004Assignee: Alvis Hagglunds AktiebolagInventor: Bengt Eriksson
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Patent number: 6612062Abstract: A carrier lock for use in semi-automatic firearms.Type: GrantFiled: February 20, 2001Date of Patent: September 2, 2003Assignee: R.A. Brands, L.L.C.Inventors: Bradley Phillip Howard, Edward Donald Schoppman
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Patent number: 6588312Abstract: An automatic firearm with a bolt assembly which is moveable along a bolt assembly motion path between a closed position and an open position, a magazine which advances cartridges by spring force across the bolt assembly motion path into this motion path, and a lock which only allows the first cartridge of magazine to advance into the bolt assembly motion path when the bolt assembly is situated in or near its open position, is disclosed. The lock is preferably created by a plate that extends parallel to the bolt assembly motion path and is mobile in its direction of extent, is pushed between the first cartridge and the bolt assembly motion path, and holds back the cartridge until the bolt assembly has reached or almost reached its open position.Type: GrantFiled: July 27, 2001Date of Patent: July 8, 2003Assignee: Heckler & Koch GmbHInventors: Johannes Murello, Wilhelm Fischbach, Helmut Weldle
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Patent number: 6578463Abstract: Miniature machine gun in which all components are housed within a cylindrical tube, the barrel being disposed axially of the tube and the magazine surrounding the barrel. Barrel and magazine is a removable unit which may be replaced by an identical unit where rapid reloading is desired; has no stock, sights or other appendages and is intended to be operated from the hip of the user.Type: GrantFiled: March 22, 1967Date of Patent: June 17, 2003Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventor: Hubert M. Ross, Jr.
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Patent number: 6397721Abstract: In an automatic firearm, a cartridge feed device is provided in order to convey the uppermost cartridge in a magazine into an intermediate station transverse to its extent. A lifting device is used to grasp the cartridge in the intermediate station and to move it vertically into a feed station in which it is aligned parallel to the axis of the barrel of the weapon. The lifting device is implemented as a feed fork having prongs which engage the cartridge in the intermediate station from the front and which then lift the cartridge into the feed station in a tilting movement.Type: GrantFiled: November 16, 2001Date of Patent: June 4, 2002Assignee: Heckler & Koch GmbHInventor: Johannes Murello
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Patent number: 6393960Abstract: A box support (2) is provided on both sides with shackles (4) to make it easier to attach an ammunition box (1) to the gun mount (35) for an automatic weapon and to ensure better access to the cartridge feed belt for the loading and reloading operation, as well as to reduce the ergonomic stress when attaching the ammunition box to the gun mount. These shackles (4) have respectively one holder (5) at a distance downward that is used for suspending the ammunition box (1) such that it can pivot. The ammunition box (1) is provided with bearing bolts (13) for this purpose. Two fastening locations (7, 8) for the ammunition box (1) are provided in a longitudinal axial direction of the box support (2), at non-symmetrical distances to the holders (5). If the ammunition box (1) is suspended in the holders (5), the distance a between the first fastening location (7) and the holders (5) corresponds to the distance between the holders (5) and a first locking device (16).Type: GrantFiled: October 27, 2000Date of Patent: May 28, 2002Assignee: Mauser-Werke Oberndorf Waffensysteme GmbHInventor: Gerhard Bilger
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Patent number: 6389947Abstract: In an automatic firearm, a cartridge feed device is provided in order to convey the uppermost cartridge in a magazine into an intermediate station transverse to its extent. A lifting device is used to grasp the cartridge in the intermediate station and to move it vertically into a feed station in which it is aligned parallel to the axis of the barrel of the weapon. The lifting device is implemented as a feed fork having prongs which engage the cartridge in the intermediate station from the front and which then lift the cartridge into the feed station in a tilting movement.Type: GrantFiled: February 10, 1999Date of Patent: May 21, 2002Assignee: Heckler & Koch GmbHInventor: Johannes Murello
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Patent number: 6370806Abstract: An ammunition magazine is proposed for a firearm adapted to fire non-impact ammunition cartridges, the firearm includes a frame and a backstrap module which houses an electronic firing apparatus for generating a firing signal. The ammunition magazine also includes an elongated housing for accommodating the ammunition cartridges and has a pair of edge members formed along opposing lateral edges of the housing adjacent a bottom end, the housing being selectively insertable into a magazine chamber formed in the frame. An end cap is equipped with a pair of groove members formed along opposing lateral edges and adjacent a top end for selectively accommodating the pair of edge members and enabling the end cap to be secured to the bottom end of the housing. The ammnunition magazine further includes a blind bore formed in the end cap for accommodating a battery.Type: GrantFiled: July 31, 2000Date of Patent: April 16, 2002Assignee: Smith & Wesson Corp.Inventors: John F. Klebes, Robert L. Constant
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Publication number: 20020033091Abstract: In an automatic firearm, a cartridge feed device is provided in order to convey the uppermost cartridge in a magazine into an intermediate station transverse to its extent. A lifting device is used to grasp the cartridge in the intermediate station and to move it vertically into a feed station in which it is aligned parallel to the axis of the barrel of the weapon. The lifting device is implemented as a feed fork having prongs which engage the cartridge in the intermediate station from the front and which then lift the cartridge into the feed station in a tilting movement.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 16, 2001Publication date: March 21, 2002Applicant: Heckler & Koch GmbHInventor: Johannes Murello
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Publication number: 20020020284Abstract: An automatic firearm with a bolt assembly which is moveable along a bolt assembly motion path between a closed position and an open position, a magazine which advances cartridges by spring force across the bolt assembly motion path into this motion path, and a lock which only allows the first cartridge of magazine to advance into the bolt assembly motion path when the bolt assembly is situated in or near its open position, is disclosed. The lock is preferably created by a plate that extends parallel to the bolt assembly motion path and is mobile in its direction of extent, is pushed between the first cartridge and the bolt assembly motion path, and holds back the cartridge until the bolt assembly has reached or almost reached its open position.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 27, 2001Publication date: February 21, 2002Inventors: Johannes Murello, Wilhelm Fischbach, Helmut Weldle
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Patent number: 6343535Abstract: A combustion activated tool includes a housing having a longitudinal bore that extends and connects with a vertical bore, a piston and piston guide disposed within the longitudinal bore and moveable axially therein, and an advance lever having a reset end and an advancing end, the lever disposed on a pivot skew to the axis of the longitudinal bore, the lever having an axis essentially parallel with the longitudinal bore, the advancing end of the lever attached on an arm of the lever angled to one side of the axis of the longitudinal bore and effective to engage teeth on the side of a strip of charges disposed in the vertical bore, the reset end of the lever being disposed on the same side of the axis of the longitudinal bore engaging the piston guide along an edge of the lever.Type: GrantFiled: July 13, 1999Date of Patent: February 5, 2002Assignee: Powers Fastening, Inc.Inventor: Paul Gaudron
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Patent number: 6339983Abstract: In connection with this ammunition-feeding device, an axial transport device (19) with a conveyor chain (34) is provided between a conveyor (6) and a transfer station (20) for transferring cartridges (2) to a revolver drum (25) of a revolver cannon, by means of which the cartridges (2) are displaced in their longitudinal direction during transport vertically in respect to the movement direction of the conveyor chain (34). A buffer shaft (35) is provided for driving the conveyor chain (34), wherein the drive by means of the buffer shaft (35) takes place in such a way that, prior to being transferred to the transfer station (20), the cartridges (2) are brought into a buffer position.Type: GrantFiled: December 2, 1999Date of Patent: January 22, 2002Assignee: Oerlikon Contraves AGInventor: Peter Mannhart
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Patent number: 6269729Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for separating consecutive cartridge-receiving cells of a driven magazine for an aircraft-mounted machine gun or cannon. The apparatus includes an elongated, substantially cylindrical shaft constructed of a fiber-reinforced plastic, wherein the shaft has end portions designed for attachment to a movable transport chain, and a middle portion defined by a driver constructed of an elastomer. The driver preferably dampens the gravitational forces introduced to the shaft.Type: GrantFiled: November 4, 1999Date of Patent: August 7, 2001Assignee: Heckler & Koch GmbHInventor: Rudi Beckmann
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Patent number: 6257115Abstract: A magazine and compact feed mechanism for firearms includes an end cap on the magazine to keep cartridges from falling out and a stop mechanism for preventing a rotating cartridge transfer disk from traveling beyond 90°. The magazine is placed in a horizontal position so that it is parallel to the barrel and includes an end cap that is shaped to prevent cartridges from inadvertently falling out of the magazine. A spring-loaded cover may also be added to the magazine for further protection. Cartridges from the magazine are delivered to a rotatable transfer disk by an injector arm driven by the recoil of the slide mechanism. A rotatable cartridge transfer disk is also driven by the recoil of the slide mechanism and functions to receive the cartridge from the horizontal magazine and rotate it 90° so as to present it properly to the breech mechanism so that it can be presented to the barrel.Type: GrantFiled: August 6, 1999Date of Patent: July 10, 2001Inventors: Walter Balsavage, Richard E. McKee
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Patent number: 6205904Abstract: The subject of the invention is an ammunition element (3,4) feed device (1) for an artillery cannon, notably in projectiles (3) or propellant charge modules (4), and comprising at least one storage magazine (2) for the ammunition elements that incorporates at least one row (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d), a device (28) to transfer the ammunition elements from the magazine to a loading chute (5) and motor means enabling the ammunition elements to be moved up one row to bring them onto the transfer device (28), feed device is characterized in that each row (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) of the magazine comprises: a support plate (12) on which the ammunition elements (3,4) are arranged with their axes perpendicular to their direction of movement in the row, at least one conveyor belt (15) activated by motorization (16), said belt pressed to the ammunition elements of the row and constituting the motor means.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1999Date of Patent: March 27, 2001Assignee: Giat IndustriesInventors: Claude Boutet, Thierry Fougeroux