Abstract: An ion source includes a conductive substrate, the substrate including a plurality of conductive nanostructures with free-standing tips formed on the substrate. A conductive catalytic coating is formed on the nanostructures and substrate for dissociation of a molecular species into an atomic species, the molecular species being brought in contact with the catalytic coating. A target electrode placed apart from the substrate, the target electrode being biased relative to the substrate with a first bias voltage to ionize the atomic species in proximity to the free-standing tips and attract the ionized atomic species from the substrate in the direction of the target electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed are synthetic nanocarrier methods, and related compositions, comprising administering immunosuppressants and MHC Class I-restricted and/or MHC Class II-restricted epitopes that can generate tolerogenic immune responses (e.g., antigen-specific T effector cell deletion).

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treating and completely curing fungal, yeast, and/or mold infections in human subjects comprising topically administering to a human subject in need thereof an antifungal nanoemulsion composition.

Abstract: Microstructures, microdevices and related methods are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to nanostructures and compositions comprising nanostructures, methods of making and using the nanostructures, and related systems. In some embodiments, a nanostructure comprises a first region and a second region, wherein a first photocatalytic reaction (e.g., an oxidation reaction) can be carried out at the first region and a second photocatalytic reaction (e.g., a reduction reaction) can be carried out at the second region. In some cases, the first photocatalytic reaction is the formation of oxygen gas from water and the second photocatalytic reaction is the formation of hydrogen gas from water. In some embodiments, a nanostructure comprises at least one semiconductor material, and, in some cases, at least one catalytic material and/or at least one photosensitizing agent.

Abstract: Compositions comprising nanosized objects (i.e., nanoparticles) in which at least one observable marker, such as a radioisotope or fluorophore, is incorporated within the nanosized object. The nanosized objects include, for example, metal or semi-metal oxide (e.g., silica), quantum dot, noble metal, magnetic metal oxide, organic polymer, metal salt, and core-shell nanoparticles, wherein the label is incorporated within the nanoparticle or selectively in a metal oxide shell of a core-shell nanoparticle. Methods of preparing the volume-labeled nanoparticles are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to conical structures on substrate surfaces, in particular optical elements, to methods for the production thereof and to the use thereof, in particular in optical devices, solar cells and sensors. The conical nanostructures according to the invention are suitable in particular for providing substrate surfaces having very low light reflection.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor chip, a contact pad of the semiconductor chip and a first layer arranged over the contact pad. The first layer includes niobium, tantalum or an alloy including niobium and tantalum.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a light emitting device comprising: providing a substrate; forming an epitaxial stack on the substrate wherein the epitaxial stack comprising a first conductivity semiconductor layer, an active layer and a second conductivity semiconductor layer; forming a mesa on the epitaxial stack to expose partial of the first conductivity semiconductor layer; layer and etching the surface of the first conductivity semiconductor layer and forming a least one rough structure on the surface of the first conductivity semiconductor layer wherein the first conductivity semiconductor layer is sandwiched by the substrate and the active layer.

Abstract: A method for purifying and sterilizing water using nano catalytic microelectrolysis and an apparatus therefore including three units of a nano catalytic microelectrolysis device, a sand filtration and a precise filtration are provided. 1/20 to ? of raw water is delivered into the nano catalytic microelectrolysis. 19/20 to ? of raw water is directly delivered into a neutralization tank to be mixed with nano catalytic microelectrolysis water to kill microorganism, algae and plankton and force suspended solids, colloid, charged particles and etc. to form into relatively large particles which are removed by the precise filtration unit; heavy metal ions gather at a cathode of the microelectrolysis to form cathode sediment to be removed; organic compounds are oxidatively decomposed by strongly oxidative substances produced by the microelectrolysis; phosphate ions move towards a cathode polarization layer and act with divalent cations on a cathode surface to produce phosphate precipitate to be removed.

Abstract: Provided are methods for treating inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke/cerebral ischemia, head trauma, spinal cord injury, Huntington's disease, migraine, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, inflammatory neurodegenerative condition associated with AIDS, age-related cognitive decline; mild cognitive impairment and prion diseases in a mammal), or at least one symptom thereof in a subject by administering a therapeutic composition comprising at least one electrokinetically-altered fluids (e.g., electrokinetically-generated oxygen-enriched fluids) of the present invention. Particular aspects provide methods for inhibiting and/or modulating the function and/or activity of effector T-cells, and/or for cell-based tolerogenic therapy (e.g., by modulating development and/or function and/or activity of TREG cells and/or dendritic cells (DCs) and/or TH17 cells (e.g., ROR?t+ TH17 cells).

Abstract: A microfabricated device or component thereof, such as microfluidics or nanofluidics device having a uniform non-wetting or non-absorbing polymeric coating or surface modification formed on a surface thereof by ionisation or activation technology such as plasma processing, to produce a surface energy of less than 15 mNm?l. The treatment enhances the free-flowing properties of a liquid through the device during use.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to capsules having a core and one or more capsular walls surrounding the core, wherein at least one of the capsular walls comprises a polymer comprising epsilon-poly-lysine or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel dendrimer compounds and methods of synthesizing the same. In particular, the present invention is directed to novel polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, novel dendrimer branching units, methods for synthesizing such novel PAMAM dendrimers and functionalized dendrimers, as well as systems and methods utilizing the dendrimers (e.g., in diagnostic and/or therapeutic settings (e.g., for the delivery of therapeutics, imaging, and/or targeting agents (e.g., in disease diagnosis and/or therapy, etc.))).

Abstract: The invention discloses a nano-fiber material, wherein the nano-fiber material is formed by spinning an ionic polymer into a nano-fiber nonwoven, and the ionic polymer is represented by the formula: wherein: R1 includes phenyl sulfonate or alkyl sulfonate; R2 includes R3 includes and m/n is between 1/50 and 50/1, q?0.

Abstract: A nanostructure includes a plurality of metal nanoblades positioned with one edge on a substrate. Each of the plurality of metal nanoblades has a large surface area to mass ratio and a width smaller than a length. A method of storing hydrogen includes coating a plurality of magnesium nanoblades with a hydrogen storage catalyst and storing hydrogen by chemically forming magnesium hydride with the plurality of magnesium nanoblades.

Abstract: The present invention relates to device and method for cell trafficking. In particular, the invention relates to a fluid flow device in which the flow surface has nanotubes immobilized thereon. The nanotubes have molecules on their outer surface, which support cell rolling. Also provided is a method for separation of a cell type from a mixture of different cell types or from a fluid based on the differential rolling property of the cell type on the flow surface.

Abstract: An imaging system for analyzing fluorescent molecules in a sample, including a confocal microscope device, has a support in contact with at least a portion of the sample. In the system, the support surface in contact with the sample is functionalized so as to reduce the observation volume of the microscope on the surface in the axial direction. The present disclosure also relates to various uses of such a system as well as to a method for analyzing fluorescent molecules in a sample, the method being implemented by such a system.

Abstract: The use of semiconductor nanocrystals as detectable labels in various chemical and biological applications is disclosed. The methods find use for detecting a single analyte, as well as multiple analytes by using more than one semiconductor nanocrystal as a detectable label, each of which emits at a distinct wavelength.

Abstract: A method electrochemically coats a substrate by brush plating. Particles are applied to the surface to be coated via a separated line system before the carrier for the electrolytes. The electrolyte is added to the carrier via a line system. The advantageous result thereof is that an agglomeration of the particles can be prevented because only a short time passes after the application of the particles until the formation of the layer. A device for electrochemical coating has two line systems for the cited purpose. The highly stressed surface components of rollers in rolling mills can be partially coated by the method.

Abstract: Nanoribbons and nanowires having diameters less than the wavelength of light are used in the formation and operation of optical circuits and devices. Such nanostructures function as subwavelength optical waveguides which form a fundamental building block for optical integration. The extraordinary length, flexibility and strength of these structures enable their manipulation on surfaces, including the precise positioning and optical linking of nanoribbon/wire waveguides and other nanoribbon/wire elements to form optical networks and devices. In addition, such structures provide for waveguiding in liquids, enabling them to further be used in other applications such as optical probes and sensors.

Abstract: A method for identifying a contaminant in an environment includes providing a sensor array, the sensor array including a plurality of sensing platforms, each of the sensing platforms including a corrodible metal. A reaction is detected on the corrodible metal on one or more of the sensing platforms to identify a reaction pattern, and the reaction pattern is compared to known reaction characteristics of the corrodible metals. Based on this comparison, the contaminant, such as a corrosive gas, can be identified. The sensing platform may include a quartz crystal microbalance or a nanostructure. In some features, at least one of the corrodible metals includes gold, and a detected reaction of the gold corrodible metal indicates the presence of adverse temperature or humidity conditions in the environment.

Abstract: Nanoimprint lithography templates are provided. One such template includes a template base and a plurality of pattern layers of a first material. Each pattern layer is separated from an adjacent pattern layer by a spacing layer of a second material that is different from the first material. Such a template also includes a plurality of pillars of a third material that is different from the first material. Each of the pillars separates two adjacent pattern layers, and each of the pattern layers has a respective portion which protrudes from the spacing layers and from the pillars.

Abstract: A composite resin material particle of the present invention includes: a resin material particle that is a material for producing a resin molding product; and a conductive nano-material, wherein a dispersion mixing layer, which is obtained by dispersedly mixing the conductive nano-material from the surface to the inside of the resin material particle, is formed over all of the surface or at least a part of the surface of the resin material particle, the conductive nano-material is dispersedly mixed within a resin material of the resin material particle in the dispersion mixing layer, and the whole of the dispersion mixing layer forms a conductive layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an in vitro method for detecting a pathogenic conformational isomer of the prion protein in a sample, said method comprising a preliminary step for capturing the pathogenic conformational isomer by putting the sample into contact with nanobeads covered with a ligand of the pathogenic conformational isomer, and then applying a cyclic amplification of the misfolded prion protein directly on the solid support having captured the pathogenic conformational isomer, and detecting the presence of the pathogenic conformational isomer. The invention also relates to a kit for applying this method and to a method for decontaminating a biological sample.

Abstract: Inventive composite materials are provided. The composite is preferably a nano-composite, and comprises an asphaltene, or a mixture of asphaltenes, blended with a polymer. The polymer can be any polymer in need of altered properties, including those selected from the group consisting of epoxies, acrylics, urethanes, silicones, cyanoacrylates, vulcanized rubber, phenol-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, imides, esters, cyanate esters, allyl resins.

Abstract: A sensor device is disclosed, which depends on discrimination in time between groups of binding events of target particles to nano-electrodes. The target particles may be in the liquid phase or in suspension. The nano-electrodes form part of a sensor arrangement having a plurality of sensors. The sensor device is arranged such that different species of target particles arrive at the nano-electrodes at different times, using techniques such as chromatography or application of a field such as an electric, magnetic, or gravitational field. The particles may be labelled or unlabeled. The invention is particularly suited, but not limited, to sensing bioparticles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of multiple different light emitting molecules that emit different and detectable emission signals to provide systems and methods to detect different target products in a single assay sample, wherein the different light emitting molecules are positioned an optimal distance from metallic particles thereby enhancing emissions. Preferably, the systems and methods further comprise use of either microwave or sonic energy to increase binding reactions, timing of such reactions within the assay sample and reduce background non-specific biological absorption.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present invention, an ultracapacitor has a first plate, a second plate and a separator sandwiched between the first plate and the second plate. Each of the first plate and the second plate includes a substrate, first nanostructures formed on the substrate, and second nanostructures, being different from the first nanostructures, attached to the first nanostructures. The first nanostructures include carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or carbon fibers/nanofibers (CFs). The second nanostructures include nano-particles of an active material including MnO2.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for modulating lymphatic function, e.g., by altering NO levels, are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of increasing the probability and rate of seed germination, increasing vegetative biomass, and increasing water uptake in seeds, in which a seed is introduced to an effective concentration of carbon nanomaterial. The effective concentration of carbon nanomaterial 100 is 10-200 ?g/mL.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an anti-reflection optical element excellent in durability in the environment high-temperature and high-humidity and scratch resistance while maintaining the anti-reflection performance of a concave-convex nanostructure. To achieve the object, an anti-reflection optical element 1 comprising a concave-convex nanostructure 20 that reduces reflection of incident light on an optical surface 11 of a base optical element 1 comprising a cover layer 30 made of a light-transmitting material that covers an outer surface of the concave-convex nanostructure 20, wherein a peak of convex portion 21 of the concave-convex nanostructure 20 is covered with the cover layer 30 in the state where a space 40 is provided between the cover layer 30 and concave portions 22 of the concave-convex nanostructure 20 is employed.

Abstract: Nanostructures comprising carbon and metal catalyst that are formed on a substrate, such as a silicon substrate, are contacted with a composition that, among other useful modifications, protects the nano structures and renders them stable in the presence of oxidizing agents in an aqueous environment. The protected nano structures are rendered stable over an extended period of time and thereby remain useful during such period as components of an electrode, for example, for detecting electrochemical species such as free chlorine, total chlorine, or both in water.

Abstract: Dermatological disorders having an inflammatory or proliferative component are treated with pharmaceutical compositions containing on the order of 0.3% by weight of 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]-2-naphthoic acid (adapalene) or salt thereof, formulated into pharmaceutically acceptable media therefor, advantageously topically applicable gels, creams or lotions.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods are disclosed for imaging with a decoding imager based on semiconducting nanocrystals that function as quantum dots, and decoding decodable features in the images. In an illustrative embodiment, a device includes an imaging subsystem, a data storage element, and a processor. The imaging subsystem includes an image sensor array and an imaging optics assembly operative for focusing an image onto the image sensor array. The image sensor array includes a plurality of pixels wherein a pixel includes a photosensitive portion comprising one or more nanocrystals, and a read-out portion capable of relaying incident light data representing light incident on the one or more nanocrystals. The data storage element is capable of storing frames of image data comprising data communicated through the read-out portion of at least some of the pixels during the imaging operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and devices for detection of ion migration and binding, utilizing a nanopipette adapted for use in an electrochemical sensing circuit. The nanopipette may be functionalized on its interior bore with metal chelators for binding and sensing metal ions or other specific binding molecules such as boronic acid for binding and sensing glucose. Such a functionalized nanopipette is comprised in an electrical sensor that detects when the nanopipette selectively and reversibly binds ions or small molecules. Also disclosed is a nanoreactor, comprising a nanopipette, for controlling precipitation in aqueous solutions by voltage-directed ion migration, wherein ions may be directed out of the interior bore by a repulsing charge in the bore.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting specific binding assays are claimed. This invention relates to an initial non-receptor ligand interaction with nanoparticles or other solid phases followed by specific detection methods used for detecting biological, chemical or environmental entities. This invention employs an on-device ligand attachment to nanoparticles or other solid phase followed by the specific capture in discrete zones on the device. The ligand-bound complexes assemble on the ligand specific capture zone leading to a visible diagnostic result, if colored solid phases are employed.

Abstract: Lithographic and nanolithographic methods that involve patterning a first compound on a substrate surface, exposing non-patterned areas of the substrate surface to a second compound and removing the first compound while leaving the second compound intact. The resulting hole patterns can be used as templates for either chemical etching of the patterned area of the substrate or metal deposition on the patterned area of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a structure in which the surface of a solid substrate of any shape is covered with metal oxide, in particular, a nanostructure composite in which polyethyleneimine, which is an organic substance, and metal oxide, which is an inorganic substance, are combined in nano-meter scale, spreads at the entire surface of a substrate, and the nanostructure composite forms a nano-boundary of complex shapes so as to thoroughly cover the entire surface of the substrate; a structure in which metal ions, metal nano-particles, organic pigment molecules are contained in the nanostructure composite; a process for producing these structures which can produce these structures with ease and efficiently; and an application method for the structures as an immobilized catalyst type reactor.

Abstract: A metal nanoantenna for use in a biosensing device is disclosed. The metal nanoantenna is arranged to exhibit at least two particle plasmon resonances or surface plasmon resonances (SPRs). The nanoantenna is for use in a sensor and allows detection at low concentration of biological components. In one aspect, the nanoantenna can have an asymmetric structural configuration and spectrally separated resonances. In one aspect, there is a location in its structure providing local electromagnetic field enhancement at all of the SPRs. The metal nanoantenna can be used for background free measuring of a quantity of a biological component.

Abstract: A method for assembling multi-component nano-structures that includes dispersing a plurality of nano-structures in a fluid medium, and applying an electric field having an alternating current (AC) component and a direct current (DC) component to the fluid medium containing the plurality of nano-structures. The electric field causes a first nano-structure from the plurality of nano-structures to move to a predetermined position and orientation relative to a second nano-structure of the plurality of nano-structures such that the first and second nano-structures assemble into a multi-component nano-structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the toxicity assessment of nano-materials, and more specifically, it is relates to an objective, reproducible and accurate assessment method for the unbiased toxicity testings of nano-materials, which minimize artifacts of the conventional methods for the toxicity assessment of the nano-materials by considering the dose characteristics of the nano-material itself using Selective multi-Plane Illumination Microcopy (SPIM); and the response characteristics of the nano-material using the improved or novel cellular responses assessment methods for nano-materials (e.g., modified MTT assay using image cytometric analysis, normal-inverted exposure apparatus, and modified flow cytometry), and a system and an apparatus thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photonic device comprising a plurality of nanostructures that extend from a substrate, each nanostructure comprising a generally longitudinal nanostructure body formed of a semiconductor material. Each nanostructure has a proximal end portion of a first crystal lattice structure and a distal end portion of a second crystal lattice structure that is expanded relative to the proximal end portion. Each nanostructure further comprises an optically active material optically associated with the distal end portion to form a heterojunction therebetween. The present invention further relates to a method of making the disclosed nanostructures.

Abstract: The invention encompasses micelle assemblies, compositions having micelle assemblies, and methods for preparing micelle assemblies and compositions thereof. The invention also encompasses a prolamine protein conjugated to a polymer, such as a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain, which conjugates can be used to prepare micelle assemblies. The invention further encompasses methods of encapsulating molecules using the conjugates of the invention. The micelle assemblies can be used for a variety of applications, such as treating cancer, targeting tumors, reducing the toxicity of a drug in vivo, increasing the efficacy of an encapsulated agent in vivo, protecting an encapsulated agent against degradation, and enhancing the water solubility of a drug or other agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for aromatic conversion that includes contacting an alkene and an aromatic hydrocarbon with a nanocrystalline zeolite catalyst disposed within a reactor under alkylation conditions, wherein the nanocrystalline zeolite catalyst includes at least one zeolitic material and producing a product stream having a monoalkyl aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Compositions that include immunostimulatory nucleic acids are disclosed, along with the use of such compositions to induce immune responses.

Abstract: There invention discloses aqueous dispersions of nanoparticulate aerosol formulations, dry powder nanoparticulate aerosol formulation, propellant-based aerosol formulations, methods of using the formulations in aerosol delivery devices, and methods of making such formulations. The nanoparticles of the aqueous dispersions or dry powder formulations comprise insoluble drug particles having a surface modifier on the surface thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nanoscale or microscale particle for encapsulation and delivery of materials or substances, including, but not limited to, cells, drugs, tissue, gels and polymers contained within the particle, with subsequent release of the therapeutic materials in situ, methods of fabricating the particle by folding a 2D precursor into the 3D particle, and the use of the particle in in-vivo or in-vitro applications The particle can be in any polyhedral shape and its surfaces can have either no perforations or nano/microscale perforations The particle is coated with a biocompatible metal, e g gold, or polymer e g parvlene, layer and the surfaces and hinges of the particle are made of any metal or polymer combinations.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide block composites and their use in soft compounds.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention contemplates a variety of methods and techniques for fabricating a carbon nanotube (CNT) signal modulator for reducing, eliminating, or enhancing the resonance interaction between photonic elements, and a photonic transmission device that may incorporate the signal modulator. These fabrication techniques can be used to create a nanoantennas, rectennas, and efficient solar energy devices. For example, a photonic collection device can include an array of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), CNTs, nanowires or other suitable conducting material, each having functional antenna forms that are capable of harvesting electromagnetic radiation and directing electrons to a rectifying barrier to generate a DC current. Each CNF in the array can have a diameter and length suitable to allow for the havesting electromagnetic radiation within a range of desired wavelengths.