Abstract: A universal chirality sensor based on immuno-recognition-driven nanoparticle assembly has been fabricated. The design of smart 10 nm AuNP-antigen and 20 nmAuNP-antibody described for the detection of aflatoxin B1. 10 nm AuNP-antigen and 20 nmAuNP-antibody assemble to symmetric plasmonic nanoparticle dimers, which induced CD signal. The addition of aflatoxin B1 to the chirality sensor resulted in transverse CD signal compared to a blank control as shown by CD measurements. This process also allowed the rapid and facile determination of concentrations of aflatoxin B1 in drinking water (tap water). Good linearity for all calibration curves was obtained, and the limit of detection (LOD) for aflatoxin B1 was 0.02 ng/mL in tap water.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a metal ink composition for ink-jet and more particularly, a metal ink composition which causes no formation of cracks on a PCB substrate, allows a low curing temperature, and provides improved adhesive strength even after coating.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present invention provides transparent electrodes that comprise: (1) a grid structure; and (2) a graphene film associated with the grid structure. In additional embodiments, the transparent electrodes of the present invention further comprise a substrate, such as glass. Additional embodiments of the present invention pertain to methods of making the above-described transparent electrodes. Such methods generally comprise: (1) providing a grid structure; (2) providing a graphene film; and (3) associating the graphene film with the grid structure. In further embodiments, the methods of the present invention also comprise associating the transparent electrode with a substrate.

Abstract: A metal nanoparticle composition for the fabrication of conductive features. The metal nanoparticle composition advantageously has a low viscosity permitting deposition of the composition by direct-write tools. The metal nanoparticle composition advantageously also has a low conversion temperature, permitting its deposition and conversion to an electrical feature on polymeric substrates.

Abstract: There is provided a conductive paste for an internal electrode of a multilayer ceramic electronic component and a multilayer ceramic electronic component using the same. One or more nitride powders containing a nitride selected from the group consisting of silicon nitride, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, a vanadium nitride are added to the conductive paste for an internal electrode to increase a shrinkage initiation temperature of the internal electrodes. Accordingly, the reliability of the multilayer ceramic electronic component can be improved by using the conductive paste for an internal electrode.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a preparation method for copper oxide nanowires including following steps: step 01, a conductive layer as an electrode is prepared on a clean substrate, or a clean substrate with a conductive layer is provided directly. Step 02, copper powder is weighed up, and the copper powder is homogeneously mixed with organic carrier. Step 03, mixture prepared in step 02 is printed onto the clean substrate with a conductive layer. Step 04, the substrate after being processed by step 03 is sintered under atmosphere having oxygen, and finally cooled to obtain copper oxide nanowires. Adhesion between the copper oxide nanowires prepared in the present disclosure and the substrate is excellent, the copper oxide nanowires may substantially prepared uniformly in large area and under low temperature, technology flow of coating is decreased, a cost of manufacture is decreased, such that a promising method for bottleneck of commercialization process of the field emission device is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides core-shell type metal nanoparticles having a high surface coverage of the core portion with the shell portion, and a method for producing the same. Disclosed is core-shell type metal nanoparticles comprising a core portion comprising a core metal material and a shell portion covering the core portion, wherein the core portion substantially has no {100 } plane of the core metal material on the surface thereof.

Abstract: A method of making a selectively corrodible article is disclosed. The method includes forming a powder comprising a plurality of metallic powder particles, each metallic powder particle comprising a nanoscale metallic coating layer disposed on a particle core. The method also includes forming a powder compact of the powder particles, wherein the powder particles are substantially elongated in a predetermined direction to form substantially elongated powder particles. In one embodiment, forming the powder compact includes compacting the powder particles into a billet, and forming the billet to provide the powder compact of the powder particles, wherein the powder particles are substantially elongated in a predetermined direction to form substantially elongated powder particles.

Abstract: To provide a high-frequency magnetic material having a superior radio wave absorption property in a high frequency region and a method of manufacturing the same. The high-frequency magnetic material and the method of manufacturing the same includes a magnetic substance containing metal nanoparticles, the metal nanoparticles are magnetic metals containing at least one kind of Fe, Co, and Ni, an average particle diameter of the metal nanoparticles is equal to or less than 200 nm, first clusters having network-like structures with continuous metal nanoparticles and the average diameter equal to or less than 10 ?m are formed, second clusters having network-like structures with the continuous first clusters and the average diameter equal to or less than 100 ?m are formed, and the entire magnetic substance has a network-like structure with the continuous second clusters.

Abstract: There are provided a conductive paste composition for internal electrodes and a multilayer ceramic electronic component including the same. The conductive paste composition includes: a metal powder; and a refractory metal oxide powder having a smaller average grain diameter than the metal powder and a higher melting point than the metal powder. The conductive paste composition can raise the sintering shrinkage temperature of the internal electrodes and improve the connectivity of the internal electrodes.

Abstract: A method of forming a sheath for a fan airfoil having a leading edge, a trailing edge, a tip, a root, a suction side and a pressure side includes electroplating a nano-structured material to form a sheath with a solid portion to wrap around the leading edge and first and second flanks to secure the solid portion to the pressure side and the suction side of the airfoil.

Abstract: A method for making a self-dispersing cerium oxide nanoparticles additive for lubricants, a lubricant composition containing the nanoparticles and a method for reducing boundary friction using the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are made by an improved process of reacting a mixture of organo-cerium salt, fatty acid, and amine in the substantial absence of water and organic solvent at a temperature ranging from about 150° to about 250° C., the improvement comprising reacting the organo-cerium salt, fatty acid and amine in a molar ratio ranging from about 1:1:1 to about 1:2:2 in the reaction mixture to provide the reaction product comprising from about 20 to about 40% by weight of the nanoparticles in a substantially organic medium.

Abstract: Metal nanoink (100) for bonding an electrode of a semiconductor die and an electrode of a substrate and/or bonding an electrode of a semiconductor die and an electrode of another semiconductor die by sintering under pressure is produced by injecting oxygen into an organic solvent (105) in the form of oxygen nanobubbles (125) or oxygen bubbles (121) either before or after metal nanoparticles (101) whose surfaces are coated with a dispersant (102) are mixed into the organic solvent (105). Bumps are formed on the electrode of the semiconductor die and the electrode of the substrate by ejecting microdroplets of the metal nanoink (100) onto the electrodes, the semiconductor die is turned upside down and overlapped in alignment over the substrate, and then, the metal nanoparticles of the bumps are sintered under pressure by pressing and heating the bumps between the electrodes. As a result, generation of voids during sintering under pressure is minimized.

Abstract: An adhesive including at least 100 weight parts of an unsaturated polyester resin suitable for air-drying, between 0 and 5 weight parts of hydrogenated castor oil, between 1 and 20 weight parts of a nano powder, between 10 and 250 weight parts of a filler, and between 1 and 15 weight parts of an anti-shrinking agent.

Abstract: An adhesive, including: at least 100 weight parts of an unsaturated polyester resin suitable for air-drying, between 0 and 5 weight parts of hydrogenated castor oil, between 1 and 20 weight parts of nano powder, between 0 and 100 weight parts of a filler, and between 1 and 15 weight parts of an anti-shrinking agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition for synthesizing bimetallic nanoparticles, wherein the composition contains a first organometallic precursor and a second organometallic precursor having different decomposition rates and contained within an ionic liquid solution. The invention also relates to a method for synthesizing bimetallic nanoparticles, in which the composition is transformed under a hydrogen gas pressure between 0.1 and 10 MPa at a temperature between 0 and 150° C. until a suspension of bimetallic nanoparticles is obtained. The resulting nanoparticles are useful in diverse fields including the fields of catalysis and microelectronics.

Abstract: Pyrophoric nanoparticles and methods of producing the same are provided herein. An exemplary method of producing pyrophoric nanoparticles can include providing a first aqueous solution comprising at least one metal salt and an aliphatic polyether; providing a second solution comprising a metal hydride reducing agent; continuously combining the first and second solutions to produce nanoparticles in a liquid phase; separating the nanoparticles from the liquid phase; and drying the nanoparticles to form pyrophoric nanoparticles. The pyrophoric nanoparticles can have a diameter ranging from about 1 nm to about 50 nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a medical device, preferably a contact lens, having an antimicrobial metal-containing LbL coating on a medical device, wherein the antimicrobial metal-containing LbL coating comprises at least one layer of a negatively charged polyionic material having —COOAg groups and/or silver nanoparticles formed by reducing Ag+ ions associated with the —COO? groups of the negatively charged polyionic material. In addition, the present invention provides a medical device prepared according to a method of the invention.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method of producing chemically pure and stably dispersed metal and metal-alloy nanoparticle colloids with ultrafast pulsed laser ablation. A method comprises irradiating a metal or metal alloy target submerged in a liquid with ultrashort laser pulses at a high repetition rate, cooling a portion of the liquid that includes an irradiated region, and collecting nanoparticles produced with the laser irradiation and liquid cooling. The method may be implemented with a high repetition rate ultrafast pulsed laser source, an optical system for focusing and moving the pulsed laser beams, a metal or metal alloy target submerged in a liquid, and a liquid circulating system to cool the laser focal volume and collect the nanoparticle products. By controlling various laser parameters, and with optional liquid flow movement, the method provides stable colloids of dispersed metal and metal-alloy nanoparticles. In various embodiments additional stabilizing chemical agents are not required.

Abstract: A coaxial cable includes an electric conductor, an insulating layer formed on a periphery of the electric conductor, wherein the insulating layer includes an insulating material including a fluorine-containing polymer obtained by grafting at least one compound selected from unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters of the unsaturated carboxylic acids to a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinylether copolymer, a conductive layer formed on a periphery of the insulating layer, wherein the conductive layer includes a sintered product from a metallic nanoparticle paste, and an outer insulating layer formed on a periphery of the conductive layer.

Abstract: A composition containing fine silver particles which have a uniform particle size, can form a fine drawing pattern, and have a small environmental impact, a method for producing that composition, a method for producing fine silver particles, and a paste having fine silver particles are provided. The fine silver particles are produced by carrying out a fluid preparation step of preparing a reduction fluid, a silver reaction step, and a filtration/washing step. The reaction step is carried out by adding an aqueous silver nitrate fluid to a reduction fluid whose temperature has been increased to a range between 40 and 800° C. The aqueous silver nitrate fluid is added at a stretch. The composition containing fine silver particles is produced by dispersing the composition containing the fine silver particles in a polar fluid.

Abstract: A composition containing fine silver particles which have a uniform particle size, can form a fine drawing pattern, and have a small environmental impact, a method for producing that composition, a method for producing fine silver particles, and a paste having fine silver particles are provided. The fine silver particles are produced by carrying out a fluid preparation step of preparing a reduction fluid, a silver reaction step, and a filtration/washing step. The reaction step is carried out by adding an aqueous silver nitrate fluid to a reduction fluid whose temperature has been increased to a range between 40 and 80° C. The aqueous silver nitrate fluid is added at a stretch. The composition containing fine silver particles is produced by dispersing the composition containing the fine silver particles in a polar fluid.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses to produce graphene and nanoparticle catalysts supported on graphene without the use of reducing agents, and with the concomitant production of heat, are provided. The methods and apparatuses employ radiant energy to reduce (deoxygenate) graphite oxide (GO) to graphene, or to reduce a mixture of GO plus one or more metals to to produce nanoparticle catalysts supported on graphene. Methods and systems to generate and utilize heat that is produced by irradiating GO, graphene and their metal and semiconductor nanocomposites with visible, infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. using sunlight, lasers, etc. are also provided.

Abstract: A semiconductor nanocrystal heterostructure has a core of a first semiconductor material surrounded by an overcoating of a second semiconductor material. Upon excitation, one carrier can be substantially confined to the core and the other carrier can be substantially confined to the overcoating.

Abstract: Nickel-iron-zinc alloy nanoparticles of the present invention are in the form of tabular particles having a thickness of 1 ?m or less and an aspect ratio of 2 or more, wherein the (220) plane which is the crystal plane of the face-centered cubic lattice is oriented on the tabular surface of the particles.

Abstract: An effective sensor for indicating exposure to a toxic gas includes a non-conductive, inert substrate such as glass or polyethylene, a two-dimensional film of nanoparticles of a conductive metal such as silver or copper on the substrate and an electrode connected to each end of the film. When an electrical current passes through the film and the sensor is exposed to a toxic gas, changes in the electrical resistance of the film provides an indication of the presence of the toxic gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods for preparing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-capped gold nanoparticles through the use of hydroquinone as a reducing agent. Such methods generally comprise the steps of: (1) providing a seed solution comprising a gold nanoparticle; (2) providing an aqueous growth solution comprising: (i) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, (ii) hydrogen tetrachloroaurate, and (iii) hydroquinone; and (3) adding a quantity of the seed solution to the aqueous growth solution.

Abstract: Disclosed are monodisperse gold nanoparticles (GNPs) manufactured by a facile, environmentally favorable process. Such a “green” synthesis process according to an embodiment of the invention effects the production of highly monodisperse, stable, catalytically active, and water-soluble GNPs in a considerable size range and advantageous yields. The production is accomplished inter alia through a single-step/single-phase method using dextrose as a reducing agent and as a capping agent in a buffered aqueous solution at moderate temperature. Disclosed also is a process for the direct embedment/integration of GNPs into biological systems such as the Escherichia coli bacterium without additional capping ligand or surface modification processes.

Abstract: Disclosed are nanoparticles having a metallic core consisting essentially of superparamagnetic iron oxide; a polymeric coat surrounding said core, the coat having a matrix of polyacrylic acid and forming an outer periphery of said nanoparticle; a plurality of hydrophobic pockets formed by the polymeric coat; a plurality of carboxylic groups along an outer periphery of the polymeric coat and effective to conjugate with a predetermined targeting ligand which functionalizes the nanoparticle; a lipophylic fluorescent dye encapsulated in the plurality of hydrophobic pockets; and a drug encapsulated in the plurality of hydrophobic pockets. Associated methods of making the nanoparticles and of treatments using the nanoparticles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Some or all of the needs above can be addressed by embodiments of the invention. According to embodiments of the invention, systems and methods for facilitating hydrogen storage using naturally occurring nanostructure assemblies can be implemented. In one embodiment, a method for storing hydrogen can be provided. The method can include providing diatoms comprising diatomaceous earth or diatoms from a predefined culture. In addition, the method can include heating the diatoms in a sealed environment in the presence of at least one of titanium, a transition metal, or a noble metal to provide a porous hydrogen storage medium. Furthermore, the method can include exposing the porous hydrogen storage medium to hydrogen. In addition, the method can include storing at least a portion of the hydrogen in the porous hydrogen storage medium.

Abstract: An inorganic material that consists of at least two elementary spherical particles, each of said spherical particles comprising metal nanoparticles that are between 1 and 300 nm in size and a mesostructured matrix with an oxide base of at least one element X that is selected from the group that consists of aluminum, titanium, tungsten, zirconium, gallium, germanium, tin, antimony, lead, vanadium, iron, manganese, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, yttrium, cerium, gadolinium, europium and neodymium is described, whereby said matrix has a pore size of between 1.5 and 30 nm and has amorphous walls with a thickness of between 1 and 30 nm, said elementary spherical particles having a maximum diameter of 10 ?m. Said material can also contain zeolitic nanocrystals that are trapped within said mesostructured matrix.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cathode for electrolytic processes provided with a catalytic coating based on ruthenium crystallites with highly controlled size falling in a range of 1-10 nm. The coating can be produced by physical vapour deposition of a ruthenium or ruthenium oxide layer.

Abstract: The inventive method for forming nano-dimensional clusters consists in introducing a solution containing a cluster-forming material into nano-pores of natural or artificial origin contained in a substrate material and in subsequently exposing said solution to a laser radiation pulse in such a way that a low-temperature plasma producing a gaseous medium in the domain of the existence thereof, wherein a cluster material is returned to a pure material by the crystallization thereof on a liquid substrate while the plasma is cooling, occurs, thereby forming mono-crystal quantum dots spliced with the substrate material. Said method makes it possible to form two- or three-dimensional cluster lattices and clusters spliced with each other from different materials. The invention also makes it possible to produce wires from different materials in the substrate nano-cavities and the quantum dots from the solution micro-drops distributed through an organic material applied to a glass.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the preparation of FePt or CoPt nanoparticles in ionic liquids, which in certain embodiments constitutes a direct method for the preparation of such nanoparticles having the face-centred tetragonal (fct) crystalline form. The invention also provides FePt or CoPt nanoparticles obtainable by a method of the invention.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of operating a fuel cell comprising a solid anion exchange membrane, the method comprising contacting an anode in the fuel cell with urea, ammonia or an ammonium salt and contacting the cathode with an oxidant whereby to generate electricity.

Abstract: Provided herein are electroactive agglomerated particles, which comprise nanoparticles of a first electroactive material and nanoparticles of a second electroactive materials, and processes of preparation thereof.

Abstract: Some embodiments include memory cells that contain a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) element and a nonvolatile memory (NVM) element. The DRAM element contains two types of DRAM nanoparticles that differ in work function. The NVM contains two types of NVM nanoparticles that differ in trapping depth. The NVM nanoparticles may be in vertically displaced charge-trapping planes. The memory cell contains a tunnel dielectric, and one of the charge-trapping planes of the NVM may be further from the tunnel dielectric than the other. The NVM charge-trapping plane that is further from the tunnel dielectric may contain larger NVM nanoparticles than the other NVM charge-trapping plane. The DRAM element may contain a single charge-trapping plane that has both types of DRAM nanoparticles therein. The memory cells may be incorporated into electronic systems.

Abstract: Methods of separating one type of nanoparticle from another type of nanoparticle in a mixture including more than one type of nanoparticle are disclosed. The methods may include suspending a mixture of the various types of nanoparticles in a liquid and modifying a characteristic of the liquid. Thereafter, a force may be applied to the nanoparticles within the mixture causing one type of nanoparticles to separate from another type of nanoparticles. The applied force may be the force of gravity, or it may be an induced force such as a centrifugal force applied with a centrifuge or similar apparatus. Upon the occurrence physical separation, sub-populations of nanoparticles may be removed from the suspension or segregated. Alternatively the methods may include modifying a type of nanoparticle in suspension. Alternative embodiments include nanoparticles modified in suspension to provide for separation from other types of nanoparticles.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods of making Sn-MCx-C and Sb-MOx-C nanostructured anode compositions that exhibit excellent capacity retention with high capacity and rate capability that alleviate the volume expansion encountered with alloy anodes during the charge-discharge process.

Abstract: A conductive pattern formation ink which can be stably ejected in the form of liquid droplets and form a conductive pattern having high reliability, a conductive pattern having high reliability, and a wiring substrate provided with the conductive pattern and having high reliability are provided. The conductive pattern formation ink is used for forming a conductive pattern by ejecting the ink in the form of liquid droplets on a surface of a ceramic molded body using a liquid droplet ejecting method, the ceramic molded body being made of a material containing ceramic particles and a binder. The ink contains a water-based dispersion medium, and metal particles dispersed in the water-based dispersion medium, wherein the water-based dispersion medium contains oxygen molecules and nitrogen molecules, and wherein when the water-based dispersion medium is analyzed using a gas chromatography method, a total amount of the oxygen and nitrogen molecules contained in the water-based dispersion medium is 12 ppm or less.

Abstract: A novel silica which is in the form of ultrafine particles having mesopores and has a regular structure; and a process for producing the silica. The silica is a self-organized nanoparticulate silica characterized in that the average particle diameter is 4 to 30 nm, preferably 6 to 20 nm, and these particles are regularly arranged so as to form a primitive cubic lattice. The self-organized nanoparticulate silica is produced by mixing an alkoxysilane with an aqueous solution of a basic amino acid, reacting the mixture at 40 to 100° C., and subjecting the reaction mixture to drying and preferably to subsequent burning. Also provided is a process for producing fine silica particles having a particle diameter of 4 to 30 nm, which comprises mixing a solution of an alkoxysilane compound having 1 to 4 alkoxy groups with a solution of a basic amino acid and reacting the mixture at 20 to 100° C. to cause hydrolysis and condensation polymerization.

Abstract: A composition may have metal nanoparticles having a diameter of 20 nanometers or less and have a fusion temperature of less than about 220° C. A method of fabricating the metal nanoparticles may include preparing a solvent, adding a precursor with a metal to the solvent, adding a first surfactant, mixing in a reducing agent, and adding in a second surfactant to stop nanoparticle formation. Copper and/or aluminum nanoparticle compositions formed may be used for lead-free soldering of electronic components to circuit boards. A composition may include nanoparticles, which may have a copper nanocore, an amorphous aluminum shell and an organic surfactant coating. A composition may have copper or aluminum nanoparticles. About 30-50% of the copper or aluminum nanoparticles may have a diameter of 20 nanometers or less, and the remaining 70-50% of the copper or aluminum nanoparticles may have a diameter greater than 20 nanometers.

Abstract: The method for obtaining copper powders and nanopowders from industrial electrolytes including waste industrial electrolytes through electrochemical deposition of metallic copper on a cathode consists in using potentiostatic pulse electrolysis without the current direction change or with the current direction change, using the cathode potential value close to the plateau or on the plateau of the current voltage curve on which the plateau of the current potential range is from ?0.2 V÷?1 V, and a moveable or static ultramicroelectrode or an array of ultramicroelectrodes made of gold, platinum or stainless steel wire or foil is used as a cathode, whereas metallic copper is used as an anode and the process is carried out at temperature from 18-60° C., and the electrolysis lasts from 0.005 to 60 s. Said method can be used to obtain nanopowders and powders characterised by particle structure and dimension repeatability and purity from 99%+ to 99.

Abstract: Copper(II) acetate, zinc(II) acetate, and tin(IV) acetate are weighed so that the total amount of metal ions is 2.0×10?4 mol and the molar ratio of ions is Cu:Zn:Sn=2:1:1, and 2.0 cm3 of oleylamine is added to prepare a mixed solution. Apart from this, 1.0 cm3 of oleylamine is added to 2.0×10?4 mol of sulfur powder to prepare a mixed solution. These mixed solutions are separately heated at 60° C. and mixed at room temperature. The pressure in a test tube is reduced, followed by nitrogen filling. The test tube is heated at 240° C. for 30 minutes and then allowed to stand until room temperature. The resultant product is separated into a supernatant and precipitates by centrifugal separation. The separated supernatant is filtered, methanol is added to produce precipitates. The precipitates are dissolved by adding chloroform to prepare a semiconductor nanoparticle solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous copper sulfide nano/micro hollow sphere and a method for preparing the same. The porous copper sulfide nano/micro hollow sphere of the present invention has plural through holes and a hollow structure so as to increase the reactive area thereof. In particular, the porous copper sulfide nano/micro hollow sphere can be applied in a solar cell to enhance a photoelectric effect.

Abstract: Disclosed are a nanocrater catalyst in metal nanoparticles with a nanocrater form of hole structure in center of the catalyst which is useful for manufacturing nano-sized materials and/or articles with desired structure and characteristics, a preparation method thereof including a plasma etching and chemical etching process (“PTCE process”), and nano-sized materials and/or articles manufactured by using the nanocrater catalyst in metal nanoparticles.

Abstract: A production complex is used for producing nano-particles of metal from volatile moieties like metal carbonyls in a flow through reactor. The carbonyls are fed into the reactor through a first feeder, which is a moiety feeder. The moiety, a mixture of metal carbonyl and a bearer fluid, is entering the reactor in a vaporized state. Decomposition of carbonyls is carried out by controlled ambient temperature within the reactor, which is provided by means of a heated inert gas through a heating feed line of the production complex into a second feeder of the reactor, when the production complex is in an operational state. Gases like nitrogen are heated up in units of the production complex as heating feed. The gas supply unit in pre-operational state is used to provide inert gas for cleaning a carbonyl feed line in order to improve the quality of nano-particles of metal produced.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is fine particles of core-shell structure, each particle being composed of a core particle which is formed from a first material and has the face-centered cubic crystal structure and a shell layer which is formed from a second material differing from the first material on the surface of the core particle and has the face-centered cubic crystal structure, the fine particles containing particles which are multiply twinned fine particles and are surrounded by the {111} crystal plane.

Abstract: There is provided a method of repairing a probe board, the method including: preparing a plurality of first via electrodes filled with a first filling material in a board body formed as a ceramic sintered body; forming a via hole for an open via electrode among the plurality of first via electrodes; filling the via hole with a second filling material having a lower sintering temperature than that of the first filling material; and forming a second via electrode by sintering the second filling material. The open via repair according to the present invention improves the manufacturing yield of the board and reduces the manufacturing costs thereof.

Abstract: A nanocomposite coating and a method of coating for protecting a product with the nanocomposite coating are presented. Firstly, the nanocomposite coating is prepared, wherein the nanocomposite coating is formed by mixing 22.5˜49.5% nanometer inorganic oxide gel made by a sol-gel method, 45˜74.25% organic solvent and 1˜10% nanometer powder together. Next, the nanocomposite coating is coated onto surfaces of the product evenly by way of spraying, dipping or roll-to-rolling. Lastly, the product coated with the nanocomposite coating is subjected to a room temperature or a heating environment lower than 170 degrees centigrade to make the nanocomposite coating dry for forming nanometer protective films on the surfaces of the product.