Abstract: A field emission device is configured as a heat engine. Different embodiments of the heat engine may have different configurations that may include a cathode, gate, suppressor, and anode arranged in different ways according to a particular embodiment. Different embodiments of the heat engine may also incorporate different materials in and/or proximate to the cathode, gate, suppressor, and anode.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission cathode device, including the following steps: (S1) providing a substrate including a first surface, and a carbon nanotube structure defining a first portion and a second portion, the carbon nanotube structure including a plurality of carbon nanotubes, a longitudinal direction of the plurality of carbon nanotubes being from the first portion to the second portion; (S2) placing the carbon nanotube structure on the first surface of the substrate, and fastening the first portion to the substrate; and (S3) repeatedly rubbing the carbon nanotube structure along the direction from the first portion to the second portion.

Abstract: A field emission cathode device includes a substrate and a carbon nanotube structure. The substrate includes a first surface. The carbon nanotube structure defines a contact body and an emission body. The contact body is contacted to the first surface of substrate. The emission body is curved away from the first surface. The carbon nanotube structure includes a number of carbon nanotubes joined end to end from the contact body to the emission body to form a continuous structure.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission cathode device is provided. A filler, a substrate, and a metal plate are provided. The metal plate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and defines at least one through hole extending through from the first surface to the second surface. At least one electron emitter is inserted into the at least one through hole. The first surface of the metal plate is attached to the substrate. At least a part of the at least one electron emitter is located between the first surface and the substrate. The at least one through hole is filled with the filler to firmly fix the at least one electron emitter.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices comprising an assembly of carbon nanotubes, and related methods. In some cases, the carbon nanotubes may have enhanced alignment. Devices of the invention may comprise features and/or components which may enhance the emission of electrons and may lower the operating voltage of the devices. Using methods described herein, carbon nanotube assemblies may be manufactured rapidly, at low cost, and over a large surface area. Such devices may be useful in display applications such as field emission devices, or other applications requiring high image quality, low power consumption, and stability over a wide to temperature range.

Abstract: An electron emission source includes nano-sized acicular materials and a cracked portion formed in at least one portion of the electron emission source. The acicular materials are exposed between inner walls of the cracked portion. A method for preparing the electron emission source, a field emission device including the electron emission source, and a composition for forming the electron emission source are also provided in the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed are a semiconductor apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method of the semiconductor apparatus includes: forming a semiconductor chip on a semiconductor substrate; adhering a carrier wafer with a plurality of through holes onto the semiconductor chip; polishing the semiconductor substrate; forming a first via hole at the rear side of the polished semiconductor substrate; forming a first metal layer below the polished semiconductor substrate and at the first via hole; and removing the carrier wafer from the polished semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube includes a photocathode, a first electrode, and a second electrode opposedly disposed to the first electrode and separated from it to create a space therebetween. An anode opposedly disposed to the photocathode. The first electrode and the second electrode are disposed between the anode and the photocathode. The photocathode is adjacent to the first electrode and separated from it, and the anode is adjacent to the second electrode and separated from it. An amplifying medium is disposed in the space between the first electrode and the second electrode. The amplifying medium includes metal oxide nanoparticles and/or an aerogel. The metal oxide nanoparticles have an aspect ratio greater than or equal to about 5.

Abstract: A triode-type field emission device and method of manufacturing the same, suitable for use in screen print process of curved or planar substrate, comprising the following steps: firstly, form a cathode and a gate on a cathode substrate at the same time by means of screen printing, and a gap is located between gate and cathode, to avoid short circuit or interference; next, form a hedgehog-shape field emission layer on at least said cathode; then, form a transparent conductive layer and a light emitting layer sequentially on an anode substrate; and finally, dispose cathode substrate and anode substrate in parallel and spaced apart, and package them into a triode-type field emission device. Bias of cathode and gate can be controlled to achieve local adjustment of light. Also, gate may serve as an emitter, to increase field emission efficiency and its service life.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tomosynthesis system in which the maintenance is easily performed. The tomosynthesis system of the present disclosure includes a vacuum chamber, a plurality of X-ray sources configured to be coupled to the vacuum chamber so as to protrude from the vacuum chamber to generate X-rays in a direction of a subject and an image sensor configured to detect an X-ray projection image that passes through the subject.

Abstract: Provided is a manufacturing method of a CNT emitter with density controlled CNT, comprising: (i) fabricating a CNT paste by dispersing a carbon nanotube (CNT) powder, two kinds or more of inorganic fillers which have a lower melting temperature than the CNT and different oxidation degrees of the CNT, and an organic binder in a solvent; (ii) coating the CNT paste on an electrode formed above a substrate; (iii) sintering the substrate coated with the CNT paste to selectively oxidize the CNT around one kind of inorganic filler among two kinds or more of the inorganic fillers; and (iv) treating the surface of the CNT paste so that the surface of the CNT paste is activated.

Abstract: A high-voltage electronic device comprising high-voltage electrodes, located in a dielectric envelope with an internal surface coated with a material having a conductivity which is greater than the conductivity of the envelope, characterized in that the areas subject to high field strength are coated with composite material, based on a polycrystalline material with a bulk conductivity of particles 10?9 to 10?13 Ohm?1 cm?1, each of which contains a surface nanolayer of bonding inorganic material. The high-voltage electrodes may be placed in a vacuum envelope and fixed on coated insulators. Preferred coating materials include materials from a group of materials comprising; oxides of chromium, boron or zirconium in the form of polycrystalline porous substance with a particle size of 30 nm-30 microns, connected to each other with an inorganic material, for instance silicon oxide (SiO2) with a layer thickness not more than 100 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of X-ray differential phase contrast imaging. For scanning large objects and for an improved contrast to noise ration, an X-ray device (10) for imaging an object (18) is provided. The X-ray device (10) comprises an X-ray emitter arrangement (12) and an X-ray detector arrangement (14), wherein the X-ray emitter arrangement (14) is adapted to emit an X-ray beam (16) through the object (18) onto the X-ray detector arrangement (14). The X-ray beam (16) is at least partial spatial coherent and fan-shaped. The X-ray detector arrangement (14) comprises a phase grating (50) and an absorber grating (52). The X-ray detector arrangement (14) comprises an area detector (54) for detecting X-rays, wherein the X-ray device is adapted to generate image data from the detected X-rays and to extract phase information from the X-ray image data, the phase information relating to a phase shift of X-rays caused by the object (18).

Abstract: A method for making the electron emission apparatus is provided. In the method, an insulating substrate including a surface is provided. A number of grids are formed on the insulating substrate and defined by a plurality of electrodes. A number of conductive linear structures are fabricated and supported by the electrodes. The number of conductive linear structures are substantially parallel to the surface and each of the grids contains at least one of the conductive linear structures. The conductive linear structures are cut to form a number of electron emitters. Each of the electron emitters has two electron emission ends defining a gap therebetween.

Abstract: A film can be patterned with a nanomaterial. Such patterning can, in various embodiments, be performed by applying a uniform mixture of a solute in a solvent to a surface of the film to form a coating of a soluble material on the surface of the film in a pre-defined pattern that defines coated parts of the film and uncoated parts of the film, depositing an aqueous dispersion, including the nanomaterial and a surfactant, on the defined coated and uncoated parts of the film, washing the film to remove the coating of the soluble material and the nanomaterial from the defined coated parts of the film, but not removing the nanomaterial from the defined uncoated parts of the film, along with removing the surfactant from the defined coated and uncoated parts of the film, and leaving a pattern of the nanomaterial on the defined uncoated parts of the film.

Abstract: An x-ray generating device includes at least a nano-structure based field emission electron source having a self-aligned gate aperture incorporated on a substrate. The device further includes at least an anode target. Associated fabrication method is also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a field emission electronic device. The field emission electronic device includes an insulating substrate, a first electrical conductor located on surface of the insulating substrate, a number of electron emitters connected to the first electrical conductor, a second electrical conductor spaced apart from and insulated from the first electrical conductor. Each of the number of electron emitters includes at least one electron emitter. Each of the electron emitters includes a carbon nanotube pipe. The carbon nanotube pipe includes a first end, a second end and a main body connecting the first end and the second end. The first end of the carbon nanotube pipe is electrically connected to one of the plurality of row electrodes. The second end of the carbon nanotube pipe has a number of carbon nanotube peaks.

Abstract: A solid state Klystron structure is fabricated by forming a source contact and a drain contact to both ends of a conducting wire and by forming a bias gate and a signal gate on the conducting wire. The conducting wire may be at least one carbon nanotube or at least one semiconductor wire with long ballistic mean free paths. By applying a signal at a frequency that corresponds to an integer multiple of the transit time of the ballistic carriers between adjacent fingers of the signal gate, the carriers are bunched within the conducting wire, thus amplifying the current through the solid state Klystron at a frequency of the signal to the signal gate, thus achieving a power gain.

Abstract: A field emission cathode structure includes a first carbon nanotube structure including a plurality of first carbon nanotubes, and a second carbon nanotube structure located on the surface of the first carbon nanotube structure. The second carbon nanotube structure includes a plurality of second carbon nanotubes substantially perpendicular to the first carbon nanotubes structure. The second carbon nanotube structure includes a peak. The heights of the second carbon nanotubes at the peak are tallest. The heights of the carbon second carbon nanotubes gradually decrease along the direction away from the peak. A method for fabricating the field emission cathode structure is also presented.

Abstract: Provided is a field emission X-ray tube. The field emission X-ray tube includes a cathode electrode provided to one end of a vacuum vessel and including a field emission emitter, an anode electrode provided to the other end of the vacuum vessel in an extending direction of the vacuum vessel, and a gate electrode provided on an outer surface of the vacuum vessel adjacent to the cathode electrode.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are disclosed of anti-reflective nanoporous silicon for efficient hydrogen production by photoelectrolysis of water. A nanoporous black Si is disclosed as an efficient photocathode for H2 production from water splitting half-reaction.

Abstract: A thermionic electron emission device includes an insulating substrate and one or more lattices located on the insulating substrate. Each lattice includes a first, second, third and fourth electrode down-leads located on the insulating substrate to define an area. A thermionic electron emission unit is located in the area. The thermionic electron emission unit includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a thermionic electron emitter. The thermionic electron emitter includes a carbon nanotube film structure. The carbon nanotube film structure includes a carbon nanotube film. The carbon nanotube film includes a number of carbon nanotubes joined end to end along axial directions of the carbon nanotubes by contacting with each other directly.

Abstract: A method comprising patterning a substrate to form exposed regions of the substrate sized to deter entangled growth of carbon nanotubes thereon and growing vertically aligned nanotubes on the exposed regions of the substrate.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube based memory device comprises a set of three concentric carbon nanotubes having different diameters. The diameters of the three concentric carbon nanotubes are selected such that an inner carbon nanotube is semiconducting, and intershell electron transport occurs between adjacent carbon nanotubes. Source and drain contacts are made to the inner carbon nanotube, and a gate contact is made to the outer carbon nanotube. The carbon nanotube based memory device is programmed by storing electrons or holes in the middle carbon nanotube through intershell electron transport. Changes in conductance of the inner carbon nanotube due to the charge in the middle shell are detected to determine the charge state of the middle carbon nanotube. Thus, the carbon nanotube based memory device stores information in the middle carbon nanotube in the form of electrical charge.

Abstract: A field emission cathode device includes an insulative substrate, a number of cathode electrodes, and a number of liner electron emission units. The insulative substrate has a top surface and a bottom surface. The insulative substrate defines a number of openings. The cathode electrodes are located on the bottom surface. Each of the linear electron emission units has a first portion secured between the insulative substrate and one corresponding cathode electrode and a second portion received in one corresponding opening.

Abstract: A substrate for a field emitter suitable for use in computed tomography has a coating with carbon hybrid structures based on the allotropes graphite, graphene and nanotubes. The field emitters are based on graphite layer structures. A substrate for field emitters is achieved for the first time that uses “graphite combs” protruding and aligned essentially perpendicular to the substrate as well as hybrid materials from these combs with CNTs supported between them on a conductive substrate.

Abstract: Polymerizable compositions comprising particularly useful for brightness enhancing films.

Abstract: One embodiment includes forming a nanowire on a substrate from an organometallic vapor. The nanowire is grown during this formation in a direction away from the substrate and is freestanding during growth. The nanowire has a first dimension of 500 nanometers or less and a second dimension extending from the substrate to a free end of the nanowire at least 10 times greater than the first dimension. In one form, the organometallic vapor includes copper, silver, or gold. Alternatively or additionally, the nanowire is of a monocrystalline structure.

Abstract: Polymerizable compositions comprising particularly useful for brightness enhancing films.

Abstract: A fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, and a proton exchange membrane. The anode and cathode can include a catalyst layer which includes a plurality of generally aligned carbon nanotubes. Methods of making a fuel cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device having two electrodes and a plurality of organic layers between the two electrodes, in which the organic layers include a light emitting layer that emits light when an electric field is applied between the two electrodes. The device further includes, inside or on the organic layer side of at least either one of the electrodes, a metal structure that generates a surface or local plasmon by light emitted from the light emitting layer, and the metal structure is embedded in a conductive layer and at least a portion of the metal structure is located adjacent to the light emitting layer.

Abstract: A super miniature X-ray tube using the nano material field emitter includes a tip-tip-type cathode electrode having the nano material field emitter formed on one end with a planar section thereof to generate an electron beam, a gate electrode formed in a hollow cylindrical shape and surrounding an outer circumference of the cathode electrode, the gate electrode having a tapered portion formed on one end and inclined from inside to outside, the gate electrode receiving a voltage for generating the electron beam, a high voltage insulating portion formed in a hollow cylindrical shape and surrounding an outer circumference of the gate electrode, a anode electrode formed at a predetermined distance from one end of the high voltage insulating portion and receiving an acceleration voltage to accelerate an electron beam generated at the cathode electrode, and an electric field adjusting electrode formed between the high voltage insulating portion and the anode electrode to vary a pattern of an acceleration electric f

Abstract: The present invention provides for an array of nanostructures grown on a conducting substrate. The array of nanostructures as provided herein is suitable for manufacturing electronic devices such as an electron beam writer, and a field emission device.

Abstract: Thin-film lithium-based batteries and electrochromic devices (10) are fabricated with positive electrodes (12) comprising a nanocomposite material composed of lithiated metal oxide nanoparticles (40) dispersed in a matrix composed of lithium tungsten oxide.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur cell comprising an anode structure, a cathode structure and an electrolyte section abutting to the cathode structure. The cathode structure comprises a continuous layer of nanotubes or nanowires and sulfur particles. The sulfur particles are attached to the nanotubes or nanowires. The continuous layer of nanotubes or nanowires abuts to at least a part of the electrolyte section. The invention further relates to a corresponding method for manufacturing the inventive cell.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of lithium metal phosphate/carbon nanocomposites as cathode active materials in rechargeable electrochemical cells comprising mixing and reacting precursors of lithium, transition metal(s) and phosphate with high surface area activated carbon, preferably phosphorylated carbon.

Abstract: A field emission electron source having carbon nanotubes includes a CNT string and a conductive base. The CNT string has an end portion and a broken end portion. The end portion is contacted with and electrically connected to the surface of the conductive base. The CNTs at the broken end portion form a tooth-shape structure, wherein some CNTs protrude and higher than the adjacent CNTs. Each protruded CNT functions as an electron emitter.

Abstract: A method for preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) bundles for use in field emission devices (FEDs) includes forming a plurality of carbon nanotubes on a substrate, contacting the carbon nanotubes with a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a solvent, and removing at least a portion of the solvent so as to form a solid composition from the carbon nanotubes and the polymer to form a carbon nanotube bundle having a base with a periphery, and an elevated central region where, along the periphery of the base, the carbon nanotubes slope toward the central region.

Abstract: A field emission cathode device includes an insulative substrate, a plurality of cathode electrodes, and a plurality of electron emission units. The insulative substrate has a top surface and a bottom surface. The insulative substrate defines a plurality of openings. The cathode electrodes are located on the bottom surface. Each of the electron emission units has a first portion secured between the insulative substrate and one corresponding cathode electrode and a second portion received in one corresponding opening.

Abstract: An organic/inorganic composite is provided. The organic/inorganic composite comprises a silicon (Si) substrate formed with nanorods or nanoholes and three-dimensional networks of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown horizontally in parallel and suspended between the adjacent nanorods or inside the nanoholes. In the organic/inorganic composite, metal catalysts can be uniformly formed on the nanorods or inside the nanoholes, irrespective of the height of the nanorods or the depth of the nanoholes and the shape and aspect ratio of the nanorods or nanoholes. In addition, the carbon nanotubes grow in a three-dimensional network structure directly over the entire surface of the nanorods or the whole inner surface of the nanoholes and are directly connected to the base electrodes. With this configuration, the three-dimensional carbon nanotube networks are highly dense per unit volume, and the organic/inorganic composite is highly electrically conductive and has a large surface area.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a field emission cathode is provided. A carbon nanotube array formed on a substrate in a container and a prepolymer are provided. The prepolymer is put into the container settled for a period of over 30 minutes to fill in clearances of the carbon nanotube array, and part of the prepolymer is covering a top end of the carbon nanotube array. The carbon nanotube array is rotated at a speed to push the part of the prepolymer into the clearances of the carbon nanotube array and a prepolymer film in the carbon nanotube array is obtained. The prepolymer film is then polymerized to form a polymer film.

Abstract: A field emitter device consistent with certain embodiments has a substantially planar conductor forming a gate electrode. A conductive stripe forms a cathode on the insulating layer. An insulating layer covers at least a portion of the surface between the cathode and the gate. An anode is positioned above the cathode. An emitter structure, for example of carbon nanotubes is disposed on a surface of the cathodes closest to the anode. When an electric field is generated across the insulating layer, the cathode/emitter structure has a combination of work function and aspect ratio that causes electron emission from the emitter structure toward the anode at a field strength that is lower than that which causes emissions from other regions of the cathode. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for field emission device. An array of carbon nanotubes is arranged in a variable height distribution over a cathode substrate. An anode is provided to accelerate the emitted electrons toward an x-ray plate. Voltage is supplied across the array of carbon nanotubes to cause emission of electrons. The pointed height distribution may be linear or parabolic, and a peak height of the variable height distribution may occur in a center of the array. A side gate may also be provided adjacent the array of carbon nanotubes to provide improved electron emission and focusing control.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for fabricating a field emitter electrode, in which carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are aligned in the direction of a generated magnetic field. Specifically, the method comprises the steps of dispersing a solution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) diluted in a solvent, on a substrate fixed to the upper part of an electromagnetic field generator, and fixing the carbon nanotubes aligned in the direction of an electromagnetic field generated from the electromagnetic field generator. According to the disclosed method, high-density and high-capacity carbon nanotubes aligned in the direction of a generated electromagnetic field can be fabricated in a simple process and can be applied as positive electrode materials for field emission displays (FEDs), sensors, electrodes, backlights and the like.

Abstract: A multi-wall carbon nanotube field emitter and method of producing the same is disclosed. The multi-wall carbon nanotube field emitter comprises a nanotube having a diameter between approximately 1 nanometer and approximately 100 nanometers with an integrally attached outer layer of graphitic material that is approximately 1 micrometer to approximately 10 micrometers in diameter attached to an etched tip of a wire. The tip of the wire is etched to form a tip and a slot is fabricated in the tip for alignment and attachment of the carbon nanotube. A focus ion beam is used to weld the nanotube to the tungsten tip for electron field emission applications.

Abstract: Described herein are improved ion thruster components and ion thrusters made from such components. Further described are methods of making and using the improved ion thruster components and ion thrusters made therefrom. An improved cathode includes an emitter formed from a plurality of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. An ion thruster can include the improved cathode.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel photoimageable compositions for improving the emission of electron field emitters. These compositions are comprised of carbon nanotubes and metal resinate.

Abstract: The combination of at least one substantially unfunctionalised carbon surface, such as a fullerene, graphite or amorphous carbon, graphene or pre-aligned carbon nanotubes and at least semi-conducting nanoparticle, for example CdSe, CdTe, CdS, InP and/or ZnO or a metallic alloy nanoparticle is described wherein the at least one nanoparticle is directly attached to the substantially unfunctionalised carbon surface. A method for the manufacture of the nanoparticles is also described. This method comprises: —dissolving a cation source in a first organic solvent to produce a cation-containing medium; —adding a plurality of substantially unfunctionalised carbon surfaces to the cation-containing medium to form a cation-carbon mixture; —adding an anion-containing medium to the mixture of the cation-containing medium and carbon surfaces to form a cation-carbon-anion mixture, In the case of alloy nanoparticles, another cation medium is added instead.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present invention is directed to processes for the combination of injecting charge in a material electrochemically via non-faradaic (double-layer) charging, and retaining this charge and associated desirable properties changes when the electrolyte is removed. The present invention is also directed to compositions and applications using material property changes that are induced electrochemically by double-layer charging and retained during subsequent electrolyte removal. In some embodiments, the present invention provides reversible processes for electrochemically injecting charge into material that is not in direct contact with an electrolyte. Additionally, in some embodiments, the present invention is directed to devices and other material applications that use properties changes resulting from reversible electrochemical charge injection in the absence of an electrolyte.

Abstract: Composition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are produced into inks that are dispensable via ink jet or other deposition processes. The CNT ink is dispensed into wells and allowed to dry so as to formed a cathode structure. It is important to note that after the CNT ink is deposited to form a cathode structure, no further post-deposition processes are performed, such as the removal of sacrificial layers, which could damage the CNT ink.