Abstract: A driving support system includes a first, a second, and a third imaging units capturing images of front view, right rear view, and left rear view from the vehicle, respectively, a turn signal indicator operation detection unit detecting an operation state of a turn signal indicator of the vehicle, a steering control unit controlling a steering operation of the vehicle, a lane keeping support unit performing driving support for lane keeping, and a lane change support unit performing a lane change by instructing the lane keeping support unit to cancel lane keeping based on the the image of the rear view from the vehicle when an operation of the turn signal indicator is detected, and withholding a lane change and wait until there is no obstructing vehicle and then cancelling withholding of the lane change when it is determined that there is no obstructing vehicle.

Abstract: An electronic device having a connector includes a case including an open end and a closed end, a circuit board housed in the case, an inner connector including a conduction terminal which is connected to the circuit board via a connecting portion, an outer connector including a contact face coming in contact with the circuit board, the outer connector being engaged with the open end, and a play preventing portion fixed in the case, and engaged with the circuit board by causing the circuit board to move from the open end to the closed end, wherein a position of the contact face is determined so that the circuit board is pressed by the contact face so as to cause the circuit board to be engaged with the play preventing portion, and the outer connector does not press the inner connector toward the closed end.

Abstract: A backrest frame 5 is provided with a cushion plate 31 of one substantially square plate form positioned behind the waist from the upper part of the back of a vehicle seat occupant, movably back and forth by way of a plurality of upper and lower parallel seat springs, one end of either one of a pair of right and left seat springs 34B of the plurality of upper and lower parallel seat springs is connected to a pair of lower link mechanisms 35 provided rotatably on the backrest frame 5, and a rear end collision sensor 40 is formed by the cushion plate 31 between the seat springs 34B for moving a headrest 4 forward, and a coupling part 39 of the other end of the seat spring 34B is directly attached to the lower link mechanism 35.

Abstract: There is provided an in-vehicle holder support device to which an in-vehicle holder unit can be easily attached, with an improved rigidity thereof in an attached condition. In the in-vehicle holder support device, there is provided, in a base portion 12, a sloping surface 12c which slopes toward a side of a right seat frame cover 4 that is an object for attachment. An attaching portion 6 is allowed to slide via the sloping surface 12c and is guided to a gap G to be fitted thereinto. Besides, own weight of a pocket 2 can be certainly received by an opposed surface 14b that is formed flat in a holding portion 14. Thus, the pocket 2 can be easily attached to the in-vehicle holder support device and further rigidity of the in-vehicle holder support device 3 can be improved with the pocket 2 attached thereto.

Abstract: A bi-laterally surfaced substrate in which the first surface consists of one or more than one of cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide manganese oxide, copper oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, praseodymium oxide, terbium oxide, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, iridium, platinum and gold and the second surface consists of one or more than one of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, iridium, platinum and gold and micro channel micro component reactors including such substrates in a predetermined formed shape and methods for making the same utilizing a thermal spray on one side and a physical deposition process on the other side.

Abstract: An on-board multibeam radar apparatus includes a plurality of beam elements that constitute an antenna transmitting a transmission wave and receiving an incoming wave reflected by and arriving from a target in response to the transmission wave, and a processing unit configured to apply a Fourier transformation to beam element data which are data of a received wave received through the plurality of beam elements based on the number of elements and the element interval of a desired virtual array antenna so as to create virtual array data, and to perform a predetermined process based on the created virtual array data.

Abstract: An electronic scanning radar apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a frequency resolving unit resolves beat signals into beat frequencies having a predetermined frequency bandwidth and calculates complex data based on the resolved beat signals for each beat frequency. An azimuth calculating unit estimates a number of received waves based on eigenvalues of a matrix being part of a primary normal equation having complex data as elements calculated from the beat signals, creates coefficients calculated as a solution of a secondary normal equation of a signal subspace created based on eigenvalues and eigenvectors corresponding to the number of the estimated waves, and calculates a DOA of a received wave based on the created coefficients.

Abstract: An on-board multibeam radar apparatus includes a plurality of beam elements that constitute an antenna transmitting a transmission wave and receiving an incoming wave being reflected and arriving from a target in response to the transmission wave, a control unit configured to select a beam element used for transmission and reception out of the plurality of beam elements so as to change a field of view, and a processing unit configured to apply a Fourier transformation to beam element data which are data of a received wave received through the beam element used for transmission and reception selected by the control unit based on the number of elements and the element interval of a desired virtual array antenna so as to create virtual array data, and to perform a predetermined process based on the created virtual array data.

Abstract: A road profile defining apparatus includes an image acquisition configured to acquire an image, a lane marking recognition configured to extract from the image a left lane marking located at a left end of one lane painted on a road and a right lane marking located at a right end of the lane, and a road profile determination configured to output gradient information indicating a gradient change of the road based on directions of the left and right lane markings.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes image acquisition units which are mounted in a vehicle, and each of which is configured to acquire an image, a vehicle information acquisition unit configured to acquire vehicle information indicating a movement state of the vehicle, and an image correction amount calculation unit configured to calculate an amount of image correction based on positional relationship between a first image acquired by one of the image acquisition units and a second image acquired by the other image acquisition units, wherein the positional relationship is estimated based on the vehicle information.

Abstract: There is provided an interior decorative resin component allowing mounting holes to be further precisely bored on a mounting portion thereof without using a pattern paper. This interior decorative resin component comprises a mounting portion to be fixed to a pocket section of an instrument panel inside a vehicle, and an auxiliary portion having a shape conformable to the pocket section with a three-dimensional shape. This interior decorative resin component can be applied to even more types of vehicles due to an improved merchantability thereof. Particularly, the interior decorative resin component is easily mounted in a sense that positioning procedures thereof are reduced by a significant degree by not using a pattern paper, thus minimizing variations in the precisions of positioning performed by each worker. Further, costs spent on the pattern paper and parts such as jigs or the like can thus be omitted to improve a profit ratio.

Abstract: An on-board camera system includes an imaging unit mounted in a vehicle to capture an image, a communication unit configured to perform information communication with test equipment using an OBD-II connection line; and an image compression unit configured to divide the image captured by the imaging unit into blocks with a predetermined number of pixels, to perform image compression of each image of the blocks, and to transmit the image of the blocks after image compression to the test equipment through the communication unit.

Abstract: An electronic scanning radar apparatus mounted on a moving object includes a receiver unit including a plurality of antennas receiving a received wave arriving from a target having reflected a transmitted wave, a beat signal generating unit generating a beat signal from the transmitted wave and the received wave, a frequency resolving unit resplving the beat signal into beat frequencies having a predetermined frequency bandwidth and that calculates complex data based on the beat signal resolved for each beat frequency, and an azimuth detecting unit estimating a wave number of the received wave based on singular values calculated from a matrix created based on the complex data calculated based on the beat signal and calculating a direction of arrival of the received wave based on coefficients calculated based on a pseudo-inverse matrix of the matrix included in a signal subspace determined by the estimated wave number.

Abstract: An electronic scanning radar apparatus mounted on a moving object includes a receiving unit including a plurality of antennas receiving a received wave arriving from a target having reflected a transmitted wave, a beat signal generating unit generating a beat signal from the transmitted wave and the received wave, a frequency resolving unit resolving the beat signal in beat frequencies and to calculate complex data based on the beat signal resolved for each beat frequency, and an azimuth detecting unit calculating a direction of arrival of the received wave based on original complex data calculated based on the beat signal, wherein the azimuth detecting unit includes a data extending unit generating extended complex data by extending the number of data based on the original complex data, and a first computation processing unit calculating the direction of arrival of the received wave based on the extended complex data.

Abstract: An antenna device includes transmitting units each of which includes elements arranged parallel to a baseline, wherein the transmitting units are arranged side-by-side in a first direction and stepwisedly with steps in a second direction in a first region and a second region, the first direction being perpendicular to the baseline, the second direction being parallel to the baseline, the first region and the second region being partitioned by the baseline, and transmitting units positioned more remotely from the baseline being positioned further in the second direction.

Abstract: An onboard radar apparatus includes a transmission wave generating unit configured to generate a transmission wave, a vertically polarized wave transmitting antenna configured to vertically polarize and transmit the transmission wave, a horizontally polarized wave transmitting antenna configured to horizontally polarize and transmit the transmission wave, a receiving antenna configured to receive a reflection wave, a switch control unit configured to perform a switching between the vertically polarized wave transmitting antenna and the horizontally polarized wave transmitting antenna, and a receiving unit configured to receive one of the reflection waves based on receiving levels of the reflection waves, which have been received by the receiving antenna before and after the switching is performed by the switch control unit.

Abstract: There is provided a vehicle rear monitor displaying an image suitable for backing a vehicle, without requiring a switching operation. A rear camera mounted on a vehicle captures an image of a rear side of the vehicle, such image being processed to generate a top-down or perspective view displayed on an image output unit. The vehicle rear monitor comprises an image display control unit for setting a displayed image. When a gear detection unit has detected that a back gear is selected through a transmission, an image switching unit allows a predetermined top-down or perspective view to be displayed on the image output unit. When the gear detection unit has detected that the back gear is again selected after being thrown out, the image switching unit allows the image output unit to display the top-down or perspective view displayed before the back gear is thrown out, or a desired view.

Abstract: A vehicle seat is provided comprising a seat back frame having right and left side frames, a headrest for supporting a head of a seat occupant, and a back-and-forth movable body provided inside a backrest that is positioned at a rear of the seat occupant, wherein a backward movement of the back-and-forth movable body forwardly moves the headrest to support the head of the seat occupant. The back-and-forth movable body is attached to each side frame through a link member and is provided with a backward protrusion protruding backward, and the backward protrusion extends laterally.

Abstract: There is provided a method for attaching an exterior component. When attaching an exterior component to a bumper, an attachment member for a first attaching hole of the bumper fixed to the vehicular main body is detached, and then the attachment member is inserted into a first through-hole of the exterior component and the first attaching hole and fixed, thereby temporarily fixing the exterior component. A marking is put on a temporarily fixed portion where a second through-hole faces the bumper, and the exterior component is temporarily detached. A third attaching hole is formed by boring a hole in the marking of the bumper, and then a well nut is fitted into the exterior component, enabling the exterior component to be attached through the first and second through-holes. Accordingly, the marking and positioning of the exterior component can be easily performed without detaching the bumper.

Abstract: There is provided a mudguard mounting structure, superior in versatility and capable of reducing the number of steps for mounting. The present invention is a structure for mounting a mudguard on a rear bumper of a vehicle, in which a mounting member is used to mount the mudguard on the rear bumper, said mounting member comprising a clamping portion on one side thereof for clamping an end portion of the rear bumper, and a mounting portion on which the mudguard is mounted on an other side. The mounting member can be mounted on the rear bumper by allowing the clamping portion to clamp the aforementioned end portion, thereby reducing the number of parts and steps for mounting, and costs. Since the mounting member excels in versatility, costs can be further reduced. An engagement portion for engaging the rear bumper is provided on an inner surface of the clamping portion.

Abstract: A vehicle seat is provided comprising a seat back frame having right and left side frames, a headrest for supporting a head of a seat occupant, and a back-and-forth movable body provided inside a backrest that is positioned at a rear of the seat occupant, wherein a backward movement of the back-and-forth movable body forwardly moves the headrest to support the head of the seat occupant. The back-and-forth movable body is attached to each side frame through a link member and is provided with a backward protrusion protruding backward, and the backward protrusion extends laterally.

Abstract: A vehicle seat is provided comprising a seat back frame having right and left side frames, a headrest for supporting a head of a seat occupant, and a back-and-forth movable body provided inside a backrest that is positioned at a rear of the seat occupant, wherein a backward movement of the back-and-forth movable body forwardly moves the headrest to support the head of the seat occupant. The back-and-forth movable body is attached to each side frame through a link member and is provided with a backward protrusion protruding backward, and the backward protrusion extends laterally.

Abstract: A retention structure for retaining a sash molding end of a sash molding is provided. A weatherstrip and the sash molding are attached along a door sash. A hard material clip is insert-molded in the die-molded part at the end of the weatherstrip. The clip has a latch protruding from the die-molded part. An end cap die-molded at the sash molding end has an engaging part. The engaging part engages with the latch to retain the sash molding end.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a structure for mounting a camera on a vehicle, including: a base fixed to a vehicle body; a camera; a slide mechanism configured to allow the camera to slide in a sliding direction so as to be detachably engaged with the base; and a spring member configured to generate a pressing force in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction between the base and the camera in an engaged state, thereby holding the camera with respect to the base.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a structure for mounting a camera on a vehicle, the structure including: a base unit fixed to a vehicle body; a camera; a slide mechanism configured to allow the camera to slide in an attaching direction so as to be detachably engaged with the base unit; protrusions provided on one of the base unit and the camera, the protrusions being disposed at front left and right sides and rear left and right sides with respect to the attaching direction; and contact portions provided on the other of the base unit and the camera, the contact portions laterally contacting the front left and right protrusions and the rear left and right protrusions, respectively, thereby positioning the camera with respect to the base unit.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus for use with a vehicle having a tailgate. The apparatus has a frame hingedly mounted to an exterior of the tailgate with at least about 270° of rotation relative to the tailgate. The apparatus has first and second arms pivotably mounted on opposite sides of the frame with at least about 90° of rotation relative to the frame from a resting position, in which the arms are substantially parallel to the frame, to an extended position. First and second panels mount between the arms when the arms are extended, wherein the first panel is mounted to ends of the arms that are opposite the frame and the second panel is mounted to an underside of each of the arms.

Abstract: A vehicle zone monitoring apparatus that detects physical bodies present in the vicinity of the vehicle from infrared images photographed by infrared cameras provided on the vehicle includes an object extracting device that extracts object images that emit infrared radiation from the infrared image and an artificial structure identifying device that identifies whether or not an object is an artificial structure by comparing an image of a search zone in proximity to the object extracted by the object extraction device, to a reference image of a pre-registered artificial structure which serves as an element that defines an artificial structure, and that identifies the object as an artificial structure if: within the search zone in proximity to the object, a section having a high correlation with the reference image exists; and a distance between the vehicle and the object is equal to a distance between the vehicle and the section having the high correlation with said reference image.

Abstract: A control device for starting a fuel cell is provided which is capable of preventing an excessive reduction of the terminal voltage of the fuel cell. A primary precharge portion, provided with a high voltage switch and a current limiter, is disposed at the output portion of a power storage unit, and a secondary precharge portion, provided with a DC-DC chopper and a control portion, is disposed at the output side of a fuel cell. The primary precharge portion controls the output current to flow in a path via a resistor having a predetermined resistance. The secondary precharge portion controls an output current of the fuel cell based on a current command value IFCCMD for the fuel cell.

Abstract: In an electronic scanning radar apparatus, a receiving unit includes a plurality of antennas receiving a reflected wave arriving from a target having reflected a transmitted wave as a received wave. A beat signal generating unit generates beat signals from the transmitted wave and the received wave. A frequency resolving unit resolves the beat signals in beat frequencies having a predetermined frequency bandwidth and calculates complex data based on the resolved beat signals for each beat frequency. An azimuth calculating unit estimates an order of a normal equation used to calculate a DOA of the received wave on the basis of eigenvalues of a primary order matrix having complex data calculated from the beat signals as elements, creates a secondary order normal equation based on the estimated order, and calculates the DOA of the received wave based on the created secondary order normal equation.

Abstract: A vehicle seat is provided comprising a seat back frame having right and left side frames, a headrest for supporting a head of a seat occupant, and a back-and-forth movable body provided inside a backrest that is positioned at a rear of the seat occupant, wherein a backward movement of the back-and-forth movable body forwardly moves the headrest to support the head of the seat occupant. The back-and-forth movable body is attached to each side frame through a link member and is provided with a backward protrusion protruding backward, and the backward protrusion extends laterally.

Abstract: A vehicle seat is provided comprising a seat back frame having right and left side frames, a headrest for supporting a head of a seat occupant, and a back-and-forth movable body provided inside a backrest that is positioned at a rear of the seat occupant, wherein a backward movement of the back-and-forth movable body forwardly moves the headrest to support the head of the seat occupant. The back-and-forth movable body is attached to each side frame through a link member and is provided with a backward protrusion protruding backward, and the backward protrusion extends laterally.

Abstract: Metal nanoparticles are formed by heating or refluxing a mixture of a metal salt, such as a metal acetate, and a passivating solvent, such as a glycol ether, at a temperature above the melting point of the metal salt for an effective amount of time.

Abstract: Because a vehicle lower portion 6 and a bracket 3 have an equal level of thermal expansion or thermal contraction, a bonded surface of the bracket 3 can be prevented from losing the bond with the vehicle lower portion 6 due to any deformation difference that might be caused if they have different thermal expansion coefficients. A side under spoiler 4 can be kept supported on the bracket 3 even if the side under spoiler 4 thermally expands or thermally contracts, and hence the side under spoiler 4 made of a different material from that of a vehicle body 2 can be more securely mounted on the vehicle body 2. The bracket 3 and the side under spoiler 4 after mounted can maintain their ability to be joined to the vehicle body 2 for a long term.

Abstract: In accordance with one of embodiments of the present invention, a frequency resolution processing unit calculates complex number data based on a beat signal caused by a receiving wave coming from a target and a transmission wave. A target detection unit detects a peak value from the intensities of beat frequencies, and then detects an existence of the target. The target link unit makes association between a target detected in the present detecting cycle and the target detected in the past detecting cycle. A direction estimating unit generates a generative complex number data based on the complex number data so as to correspond to a data generation unit. The direction estimating unit calculates, for each antenna, an incoming direction of the receiving wave based on each of normal equations formed by use of the complex number data of the beat frequency which an existence of the target is detected and the generative complex number data.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention provides an illumination structure that can illuminate both a neighborhood of an opening and a storage portion with a simple configuration. An illumination structure 1 includes an illumination device 4 provided in an opening 3 of a vehicle 2, and a person can get on and off the vehicle 2 through the opening 3. The illumination device 4 is fixed to a step garnish 5 provided in a lower end portion 3a of the opening 3. A translucent member 18 is provided in a bottom surface of a storage portion 9 formed in a door lining 10. When a door 6 is closed against the opening 3, the storage portion 9 is disposed on the step garnish 5, whereby the illumination structure 1 is retained while the illumination device 4, a first translucent member 18a, and a second translucent member 18b line up in the order from the bottom.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing infrared cameras includes: a cover plate which has a plurality of holes formed therethrough and arranged in line in a horizontal direction at a regular interval, the cover plate being adapted to emit an amount of infrared light; and an emission source which is disposed in parallel to and behind the cover plate as viewed from infrared cameras to be tested, the emission source being adapted to emit a different amount of infrared light when compared with the cover plate.

Abstract: A vehicle seat is provided comprising a seat back frame having right and left side frames, a headrest for supporting a head of a seat occupant, and a back-and-forth movable body provided inside a backrest that is positioned at a rear of the seat occupant, wherein a backward movement of the back-and-forth movable body forwardly moves the headrest to support the head of the seat occupant. The back-and-forth movable body is attached to each side frame through a link member and is provided with a backward protrusion protruding backward, and the backward protrusion extends laterally.

Abstract: A frontal view imaging and control device installed on a movable object, includes: an image input unit receiving an image taken by an image device that captures a region of a road surface in a predetermined direction; a projection transformation unit linking each pixel of the image onto a virtual two-dimensional plane of a road surface through coordinate transformation so as to form a virtual projection image on the two-dimensional plane; a projection likelihood calculation unit dividing the virtual projection image into a distant view section and a close view section, and calculating similarity defined between a projection of the distant view section and a projection of the close view section; and an attitude angle calculation unit determining an angle of depression and a panning angle that maximize the similarity as a measured attitude angle that indicates an image capturing direction of the imaging device.

Abstract: An engine balancer system is provided in which a balancer housing (17) disposed so as to face an oil pan beneath a crankshaft is formed by joining an upper housing (29) and a lower housing (30) via mating faces (P), and the height of the mating faces (P) is lower on a vehicle front side than on a vehicle rear side. Oil discharge holes (45a, 46) for discharging oil that is within the balancer housing (17) are formed in the mating faces (P) on the higher side of the balancer housing (17) and in the upper housing (29) above the mating faces (P) on the lower side of the balancer housing (17). This enables the position of the oil discharge hole (45a) on the lower side to be as high as possible, thereby suppressing penetration of oil into the interior of the balancer housing (17) through the oil discharge hole (45a).

Abstract: A battery capable of being charged by a solar cell and an electric generator has its state of charge detected by a charge-state detecting sensor, and an electric generator operation control device controls the charge of the battery by the electric generator in accordance with the detection result detected by the charge-state detecting sensor so as to make the state of charge detected by the charge-state detecting sensor less than 100%. Accordingly, it is possible to effectively charge the battery by electricity obtained by the solar cell.

Abstract: A starter that includes a motor portion that includes a motor shaft; a deceleration mechanism portion that is integrated with the motor portion, the deceleration mechanism portion includes a planetary gear that revolves around the motor shaft; and an output shaft that rotates integrally with a revolution of the planetary gear, wherein a bracket of the deceleration mechanism portion, in which a ring-shaped gear is formed at an inner circumferential surface so as to mesh with the planetary gear, is integrated with a casing of the motor portion by an intermediate bracket.

Abstract: There is provided an electrical accessory mounting device capable of adjusting an electrical accessory to the position viewable from a rider. The mounting device of the navigation apparatus 20 mounted on the steering stem pipe 3 of the saddle-type vehicle 1 comprises the fixture 4 mounted on the saddle-type vehicle 1, the bracket 5 holding the navigation apparatus 20, and the angular setting means 37 making at least part of the bracket 5 movable to the fixture 4 in the longitudinal direction of the saddle-type vehicle 1 and setting an angle of the bracket 5 to a predetermined angle by the position corresponding to the movement of the bracket 5. The angular setting means 37 includes a pair of long holes 34, 35 provided on the fixture 4 and a pair of screws 36F, 36B moving along a pair of long holes 34, 35 provided on the bracket 5.

Abstract: A photovoltaic power generation system in which an electricity generated by solar cells and a remaining battery level can be checked at once, thus enabling the photovoltaic power generation system to be efficiently operated. The photovoltaic power generation system is provided to charge a battery of a vehicle and is equipped with solar cells for feeding an electromotive force to the battery. The photovoltaic power generation system includes LEDs to make the remaining battery level and the electricity generated by the solar cells visible. Without taking the trouble to prepare a measuring instrument or to push a button of an indicator, a user of the vehicle can immediately check the remaining battery level and the electricity generated by the solar cells by visually checking the display of the LEDs, thus enabling the photovoltaic power generation system to be efficiently operated.

Abstract: There is provided an accessory mounting device for a saddle riding type vehicle. An accessory mounting device for mounting a navigation device on a fuel tank comprises a base body on which the navigation device is mounted, and permanent magnets caused to stick to the fuel tank and thus allowing the base body to be mounted thereon. The permanent magnets are provided on the base body via spherical joints. In this sense, the permanent magnets are caused to stick to the fuel tank in a manner such that directions thereof are changed depending on a shape of the fuel tank, thus obtaining a stable mounting structure. Further, since there is no need to provide flexible members around the permanent magnets, an excellent durability is achieved. Furthermore, the base body comprises a bracket for holding the car navigation device, and an angle of the bracket can be adjusted.

Abstract: A vehicle seat of the invention has an upper movable member (10) supporting a headrest (3), a lower movable member (30) provided inside a backrest, and a coupling mechanism for coupling the upper movable member and the lower movable member. The coupling mechanism includes an upper link mechanism (15) positioned in an upper part of a side frame (40) and coupled to the upper movable member, a lower link mechanism (32) positioned in a lower part of the side frame and coupled to the lower movable member, and a rod (27) extending along the side frame and coupling the upper link mechanism and the lower link mechanism. The upper link mechanism amplifies a backward moving amount of the lower movable member, and moves the headrest forward.

Abstract: A fuel cell catalyst containing platinum, zinc, and at least one of nickel and iron.

Abstract: According to embodiments, there is provided a radar apparatus including: a transmission antenna configured to transmit an electromagnetic wave; a reception antenna configured to receive an electromagnetic wave when the transmitted electromagnetic wave has been reflected by an object; a reception wave acquisition section configured to acquire the received electromagnetic wave at specific intervals in time; a reception power calculator configured to compute the power of the received electromagnetic wave as a function of the acquisition time number by the reception wave acquisition section; a representative point extractor configured to extract plural representative points from the function; and a determination section configured to determine whether or not the object is an overhead object positioned higher than the optical axis of the receiving antenna based on the representative points.

Abstract: An efficient technique to build subject-specific skeleton models from external measurements is provided. A generic human skeleton model is manipulated and deformed using marker positional data from human motion-captured sequences. The joint and bone geometry parameters are optimized to construct an estimate of the specific skeleton model of the human subject that originally performed the motion sequence. The scope of the fitting procedure can be adjusted to coincide with a series of smaller optimizations over local bone regions or expanded to a single global optimization over all skeleton geometry and joint parameters simultaneously.

Abstract: A system for purifying exhaust gas generated by an internal combustion engine including a bypass branching out from the exhaust pipe downstream of a catalyst and merging to the exhaust pipe, an adsorber installed in the bypass, a bypass valve member which closes the bypass, and an EGR conduit connected to the bypass at one end and connected to the air intake system for recirculating the exhaust gas to the air intake system. The bypass valve member is opened for a period after engine startup to introduce the exhaust gas such that the adsorber installed in the bypass adsorbs the unburnt HC component in the exhaust gas. The adsorber adsorbs the HC component when the exhaust temperature rises and the adsorbed component is recirculated to the air intake system through the EGR conduit. In the system, the bypass valve is provided at or close to the branching point in the exhaust pipe and a chamber is provided close to the branching point such that the conduit is connected to the bypass at the one end in the chamber.