Abstract: An imaging element includes: a first substrate including a plurality of pixels configured to output a signal based on charge obtained by photoelectric conversion; a second substrate including a conversion unit configured to convert at least a first signal output from a first pixel among the plurality of pixels and a second signal output from the first pixel after the first signal into digital signals; and a third substrate including a computing unit including a calculating unit configured to calculate evaluation values of first and second images generated on the basis of the first and second signals converted into digital signals by the conversion unit and a selecting unit configured to select data of at least one of the first and second images to be output to an outside on the basis of the evaluation values of the first and second images.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a first photoelectric conversion unit that converts light incident through a first opening to an electric charge, a second photoelectric conversion unit that converts light incident through a second opening which is smaller than the first opening to an electric charge, and a signal output wiring that outputs a first signal generated by the electric charge converted by the first photoelectric conversion unit and a second signal generated by the electric charge converted by the second photoelectric conversion unit. The second photoelectric conversion unit is disposed between the second opening and the signal output wiring.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating 3D models of surfaces that accurately reconstruct both the global structure of an object and its local features are described. The methods and systems generally operated by fusing point features from the point cloud data with voxel features extracted from voxelization procedures. Furthermore, the methods and systems utilize voxelization at multiple spatial resolutions. The use of point-voxel fusion and multiple spatial resolutions may permit the extraction of both global and local geometric features, increasing the accuracy of 3D modeling of objects.

Abstract: Directed energy beam deflections are compensated by mapping pixel coordinates of an image of a patterning field to patterning field spatial coordinates. For example, electron beam scanning is compensated by imaging calibration features defined on a reticle to produce a mapping between pixel and physical coordinates. An electron beam is scanned to produce cathodoluminescence at a plurality of scan locations in a patterning field. With the pixel coordinate mapping, an image of the cathodoluminescence is used to determine compensated scan drive values. Other directed energy beam deflections can be similarly compensated.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a metal wiring on a substrate, including the steps of: forming a first layer containing a first material in at least part on the substrate; forming a crack in the first layer to form the first layer having the crack; and forming a second layer containing a second material in the first layer having the crack.

Abstract: A lens barrel and an imaging device which can be miniaturized, the lens barrel with a movable cylinder that moves along the optical axis with a change in focal length; first and second drive units in the movable cylinder; and first and second lens driven by the first and second drive units respectively to move along the optical axis relative to the movable cylinder. The movement amount of the first lens relative to the cylinder when the focal length is changed to a second focal length from a first state where the first lens is at a position closest to a subject with a first focal length is less than the movement amount of the first lens relative to the cylinder when the focal length is changed to the second focal length from a second state where the first lens is closer to an image plane than the first state.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluidic device in which solutions of different concentrations can be easily obtained.

Abstract: A method for measuring a spatial distortion of a target surface (110) of a workpiece (110A). Light is transmitted twice through a reference pattern-generator (104) and impinged upon a workpiece pattern-generator (108). Then, with an optical detector (116), first and second beams formed by the light as a result of interaction with two pattern- generators (104) (106) is acquired to produce a signal characterizing geometry of interference fringes formed at the detector (116) by the first and second beams. Indicia representing at least one of a type and a value of spatial distortion of the target surface (110) is generated and recorded. A system embodying the implementation of the method.

Abstract: In an ophthalmology system, an right-eye imaged image is displayed on a display section for presentation to an observer through an optical unit and a reflection member. A left-eye imaged image is also displayed on a display section for presentation to an observer through an optical unit and a reflection member. A separation between the left and right imaged images is made wider than a spacing between the left and right optical units. This enables image presentation with the optical axes for the observer viewing the images intersecting in front so as to cause a convergence angle to arise.

Abstract: Image processing performed by a processor and including acquiring a first fundus image of an examined eye, acquiring a position for acquiring a tomographic image of the examined eye's fundus, acquiring a second fundus image of the examined eye, determining the acquired position is included in a specific range of the first fundus image, and computing a first movement amount of the examined eye in a case in which the acquired position is included in the specific range, using first registration processing to positionally align the first fundus image and the second fundus image, and computing a second movement amount of the examined eye in a case in which the acquired position falls outside the specific range, using second registration processing to positionally align the first fundus image and the second fundus image, the second registration processing being different from the first registration processing.

Abstract: The problem of slow 3D printing using a beam-guided search (BGS) method is addressed by systems and methods that apply variable volume threshold ratio (VTR) values to a BGS method, to generate a plurality of subvolume groups and a plurality of clipping plane groups corresponding to a model of a 3D printed part or component. The plurality of subvolume groups and the plurality of clipping plane groups are presented to an operator of a 3D printing system, who can select the subvolume group and clipping plane associated with an optimal VTR value (for instance, based on experience and intuition), thereby obtaining a high-quality part or component while speeding up the 3D printing procedure.

Abstract: An imaging device includes a first optical system configured to form an intermediate image of a subject, a second optical system that is an optical system configured to form a final image by re-imaging at least a part of the intermediate image and that is configured to change a magnification of the final image, an imaging element configured to image the final image, and a driving part configured to move the second optical system and the imaging element in a direction intersecting an optical axis of the first optical system.

Abstract: Generating a three-dimensional image of a vortex vein based on OCT volume data. An image processing method is performed by a processor and includes a step of acquiring OCT volume data including a choroid, and a step of extracting choroidal vessels based on the OCT volume data and generating a three-dimensional image of the choroidal vessels.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a first pixel having a first photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts light to generate a charge, a first accumulation unit that accumulates the charge generated by the first photoelectric conversion unit, and a first output unit that is connected to the first accumulation unit; a second pixel having a second photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts light to generate a charge, a second accumulation unit that accumulates the charge generated by the second photoelectric conversion unit, and a second output unit that is connected to and disconnected from the second accumulation unit via a second connection unit; and an adjustment unit that adjusts capacitances of the first accumulation unit and the second accumulation unit if a signal based on the charges generated by the first photoelectric conversion unit and the second photoelectric conversion unit is output from the first output unit.

Abstract: A focus detection device includes: an imaging unit having a first and second pixel each of which receives light transmitted through an optical system and outputs signal used for focus detection, and a third pixel which receives light transmitted through the optical system and outputs signal used for image generation; an input unit to which information regarding the optical system is input; a selection unit that selects one of the first and second pixel based on the information to the input unit; a readout unit that reads out the signal from one of the first and second pixel based on a selection result at a timing different from reading out the signal from the third pixel to be read out; and a focus detection unit that performs the focus detection based on at least one of the signals of the first and second pixel read out by the readout unit.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor integrated circuit in each of a plurality of regions on a substrate, the method includes forming an electronic circuit as a part of the semiconductor integrated circuit in each of the plurality of regions by using a mask pattern fixed to a mask substrate, and forming a specific circuit, which expresses specific information specific to each of the semiconductor integrated circuits, on a part of each of the plurality of regions by using a variable shaping exposure apparatus having a variable shaping mask, the specific circuits formed on the plurality of regions being different from each other.

Abstract: A lithography system is provided with: a measurement device measuring position information of marks on a substrate held in a first stage; and an exposure apparatus on a second stage, the substrate for which the position information measurement for the marks has been completed, performs alignment measurement to measure position information for part of marks selected from among the marks on the substrate, and performs exposure. The measurement device measures position information of marks on the substrate to obtain higher-degree components of correction amounts of an arrangement of divided areas, and the exposure apparatus measures position information of a small number of marks on the substrate to obtain lower-degree components of the correction amounts of the arrangement of the divided areas and exposes the plurality of divided areas while controlling the position of the substrate by using the obtained lower-degree components and the higher-degree components obtained by the measurement device.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a pixel substrate that includes a plurality of pixels each having a photoelectric conversion unit that generates an electric charge through photoelectric conversion executed on light having entered therein and an output unit that generates a signal based upon the electric charge and outputs the signal; and an arithmetic operation substrate that is laminated on the pixel substrate and includes an operation unit that generates a corrected signal by using a reset signal generated after the electric charge in the output unit is reset and a photoelectric conversion signal generated based upon an electric charge generated in the photoelectric conversion unit and executes an arithmetic operation by using corrected signals each generated in correspondence to one of the pixels.

Abstract: A backside illumination image sensor that includes a semiconductor substrate with a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements and a read circuit formed on a front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, and captures an image by outputting, via the read circuit, electrical signals generated as incident light having reached a back surface side of the semiconductor substrate is received at the photoelectric conversion elements includes: a light shielding film formed on a side where incident light enters the photoelectric conversion elements, with an opening formed therein in correspondence to each photoelectric conversion element, and an on-chip lens formed at a position set apart from the light shielding film by a predetermined distance in correspondence to each photoelectric conversion element. The light shielding film and an exit pupil plane of the image forming optical system achieve a conjugate relation to each other with regard to the on-chip lens.

Abstract: A portable information device includes: an image sensor; a position information acquisition portion that outputs position information; an orientation sensor; and a display that displays an image of an object output from the image sensor and displays relevant information on the object, the relevant information on the object being obtained based on at least measurement data from the position information acquisition portion and the orientation sensor.

Abstract: An imaging device includes an imaging sensor that outputs an imaging signal representing a sequence of frame images of a photographic subject. A buffer memory temporarily stores data of the sequence of frame images from the imaging signal. A release switch is actuated by a user to output an image-taking signal. A controller, upon receipt of the image-taking signal from the release switch: (i) generates moving image data from at least some of the plurality of frame images stored in the buffer memory, (ii) generates at least one piece of still image data based on at least one frame image of the plurality of frame images stored in the buffer memory, and (iii) associates the moving image data with the still image data and records the moving image data and the still image data in a recording medium.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a substrate stage on which substrates are placed, and first projection modules each including a spatial light modulator, the first projection modules projecting wiring patterns each connecting semiconductor chips arranged on each of the substrates onto the substrates, wherein the first projection modules project the wiring patterns onto different substrates, substantially simultaneously.

Abstract: An image-capturing unit includes: an image-capturing chip; a power supply circuit unit that outputs electrical power to be fed to the image-capturing chip; a power supply line that feeds electrical power from the power supply circuit unit to the image-capturing chip; a disconnecting unit that is provided to the power supply line and is electrically disconnecting the power supply circuit unit and the image-capturing chip when a leakage current of the image-capturing chip is measured; and an implementation substrate on which the power supply circuit unit, the image-capturing chip, the power supply line and the disconnecting unit are implemented.

Abstract: A determination method includes causing the state in each of the plurality of pixels to correspond to a plurality of states of a plurality of bits of an Ising model, and setting an evaluation function for evaluating a degree of coincidence between the target image and the formed image as a function of the plurality of bits, and determining which one of the plurality of states is to be set for each of the plurality of pixels on the basis of states of the plurality of bits included in a result obtained by evaluating the evaluation function by an Ising machine.

Abstract: An optical system (LS) includes lenses (L22,L23) satisfying the following conditional expressions, ndLZ+(0.01425×?dLZ)<2.12, and ?dLZ<35.0, where ndLZ: a refractive index of the lens with reference to d-line, and ?dLZ: Abbe number of the lens with reference to d-line.

Abstract: The processing system is provided with: a liquid supply device which can supply a liquid; a liquid processing device which processes a liquid supplied from the liquid supply device such that a non-liquid-immersion state is generated locally in a partial area including a target portion on a predetermined surface; a beam irradiation section which emits beams toward the target portion; and a moving apparatus which moves the predetermined surface. The beams are irradiated on the target portion to apply a predetermined processing to the target portion, in a state in which the target portion is in the non-liquid-immersion state.

Abstract: An optical device includes a plurality of laser light sources, an output module having an optical modulator, and a time divider that is disposed between the plurality of laser light sources and the output module and that is configured to divide laser beams emitted from the plurality of laser light sources in time.

Abstract: A measurement device has: a slider which holds a substrate and is movable parallel to the XY plane; a drive system that drives the slider; a position measurement system which emits beams from a head section to a measurement surface in which grating section are provided on the slider, which receives respective return beams of the beams from the measurement surface, and which is capable of measuring position information in at least directions of three degrees of freedom including the absolute position coordinates of the slider; a mark detection system that detects a mark on the substrate; and a controller which detects the marks on the substrate using the mark detection system while controlling the drive of the slider, and which obtains the absolute position coordinates of each mark based on the detection result of each mark and measurement information by the position measurement system at the time of detection.

Abstract: A lithography system is provided with: a measurement device measuring position information of marks on a substrate held in a first stage; and an exposure apparatus on a second stage, the substrate for which the position information measurement for the marks has been completed, performs alignment measurement to measure position information for part of marks selected from among the marks on the substrate, and performs exposure. The measurement device measures position information of marks on the substrate to obtain higher-degree components of correction amounts of an arrangement of divided areas, and the exposure apparatus measures position information of a small number of marks on the substrate to obtain lower-degree components of the correction amounts of the arrangement of the divided areas and exposes the plurality of divided areas while controlling the position of the substrate by using the obtained lower-degree components and the higher-degree components obtained by the measurement device.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprises, in order from an object side, a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group, a negative third lens group and a positive fourth lens group. Upon varying a magnification, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group, a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group, and a distance between the third lens group and the fourth lens group are varied. The first lens group consists of, in order from the object side, a negative lens and a positive lens. The second lens group consists of, in order from the object side, a positive 2a lens group, a positive 2b lens group, and a negative 2c lens group. A downsized system having high optical performance is provided.

Abstract: To reduce the feel of incongruity in a model, provided is a detection device comprising: a texture detector that detects texture information of a target object from a first position; a position detector that detects depth information to each point in the target object from a second position different from the first position; a region detector that detects a data deficient region in which the depth information has been acquired but the texture information has not been acquired, on the basis of a detection result of the texture detector and a detection result of the position detector; and an adder that adds specific texture information to the data deficient region.

Abstract: A spatial light modulation unit is used in an exposure apparatus that exposes an exposure pattern onto a photosensitive substrate while moving the photosensitive substrate in a scan direction. The spatial light modulation unit includes: a spatial light modulator having a plurality of elements; a controller that controls the plurality of elements in accordance with the exposure pattern; and a SLM substrate on which the spatial light modulator and the controller are provided. The controller is arranged side by side in the scan direction with respect to the spatial light modulator.

Abstract: A processor identifies a first position of a vortex vein from a first fundus image, identifies a second position of the vortex vein from a second fundus image, and generates data of a screen to display the first position and the second position.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate and move, a module including a spatial light modulator having light modulation elements that are two-dimensionally arranged, an illumination unit irradiating the spatial light modulator with illumination lights, and a projection unit guiding the illumination light from the light modulation elements to respective light irradiation areas that are two-dimensionally arranged on the substrate in first and second directions, and a control unit configured to drive the substrate holder in a scanning direction, wherein the light modulation elements are two-dimensionally arranged to be inclined at a predetermined angle ? (0°<?<90°) with respect to the scanning direction and a non-scanning direction orthogonal to the scanning direction, and when a predetermined region of the substrate is exposed, the control unit scans the substrate holder at such a speed that spot positions are arranged in a staggered arrangement.

Abstract: A visual field testing method is a visual field testing method of testing a visual field range divided into at least a first partial area and a second partial area, the method including: a step of measuring sensitivities of a plural first test points that are included in the first partial area: and a step of performing a process of estimating sensitivities of a plural second test points that are included in the first partial area and are test points other than the first test points, by using the sensitivities of the plural first test points.

Abstract: A processing system includes: a processing apparatus configured to perform an additive processing on a plurality of objects; and a control apparatus configured to control the processing apparatus, the control apparatus generates, based on a result of a first measurement operation for measuring a shape of a first object of the plurality of objects, first processing control information for controlling the processing apparatus to perform the additive processing on the first object, the processing apparatus performs, based on the first processing control information, the additive processing on the first object and the additive processing on a second object of the plurality of objects that is different from the first object.

Abstract: A zoom optical system (ZL) comprises, in order from an object, a first lens group (G1) having a positive refractive power, a second lens group (G2) having a negative refractive power, a third lens group (G3) having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens group (G4) having a positive refractive power and a succeeding lens group (GR). In the zoom optical system, upon zooming, distances between adjacent lens groups change, and the succeeding lens group (GR) includes a plurality of focusing lens groups that have positive refractive powers and move upon focusing.

Abstract: A distance measurement apparatus including: a control unit that controls a projection state of light based on a detection result of a target object; a light projection unit that projects light controlled by the control unit onto the target object; and a processing unit that determines a distance to the target object based on a detection result of reflected light. With this, it is possible to accurately project the light onto the target object and determine the distance to the target object by: controlling the projection state of the light based on the detection result of the target object to project the light onto the target object; and determining the distance to the target object based on the detection result of the reflected light.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a spatial light modulator, a calculation unit configured to calculate positions of first connection portions of a first semiconductor chip provided on a substrate and positions of second connection portions of a second semiconductor chip provided on the substrate, based on a first position measurement result, a second position measurement result, and design information of the first connection portions and the second connection portions, the first position measurement result being a measurement result of positions of measurement points on the first semiconductor chip, the second position measurement result being a measurement result of positions of measurement points on the second semiconductor chip, and an exposure processing unit configured to control the spatial light modulator based on a calculation result by the calculation unit so as to expose wiring patterns connecting the first connection portions and the second connection portions.

Abstract: An optical glass comprising: by cation %, more than 0% and up to 40% of a content rate of La3+; 15% to 65% of a content rate of Ti4+; and more than 0% and up to 20% of a content rate of Zr4+; wherein a refractive index (nd) with respect to a d-line is from 2.00 to 2.35.

Abstract: A compound represented by Formula (1). [In the formula, X represents a halogen atom or an alkoxy group, R1 represents any one group selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a group represented by Formula (R2-1), and a group represented by Formula (R2-2), R2 represents a group represented by Formula (R2-1) or (R2-2), n0 represents an integer of 0 or greater, n1 represents an integer of 0 to 5, and n2 represents a natural number of 1 to 5.

Abstract: A device includes an image processing unit configured to calculate color information of at least one cell in a captured image and a determination unit configured to determine a cultured state of the cell on the basis of the color information calculated by the image processing unit.

Abstract: A first image is projective transformed into a reference image by using a projective transformation matrix on each pixel of the first image. A projective transformation matrix for transforming a tilted image n into a central image G0 is computed based on positions of combinations of twelve corresponding points indicated in a combination of the central image G0 with the tilted image n. The computed projective transformation matrix is then employed to perform a projective transformation of the tilted image n. A projective-transformed tilted image n1 is created thereby.

Abstract: A zoom optical system includes a positive first lens group, a negative second lens group disposed on an image side of the first lens group, a positive third lens group disposed on an image side of the second lens group, a negative fourth lens group disposed on an image side of the third lens group, and a final lens group disposed on an image side of the fourth lens group and closest to an image. During zooming, distances between lens groups change, and the first lens group moves along an optical axis. A negative focusing lens group is provided, and the final lens group is disposed on an image side of the focusing lens group. A negative vibration proof group of the second lens group may include, in order from an object, a negative lens, an air gap and a cemented lens of a negative lens and a positive lens. The final lens group may have negative refractive power.

Abstract: An image processing device includes: a processor; and a memory encoded with instructions executed by the processor, including: imaging pluripotent stem cells with time in a culture process and acquiring a plurality of images, extracting a colony region of the cells from the image, extracting a high luminance region on the basis of a group of pixels with larger luminance values than a standard value from among pixels constituting the image, extracting an extraction target region with relatively high contrast in the colony region on the basis of the colony and high luminance regions, and outputting the extraction target region as an extraction result, wherein as a relationship among the colony, high luminance, and extraction target regions, the colony region is formed, the high luminance region is then formed therein, and the extraction target region is then formed in the high luminance region in the culture process of the cells.

Abstract: Provided are ITO particles having a non-rectangular parallelepiped shape and an aligned crystal orientation inside particles.

Abstract: A light amplification apparatus includes: an optical fiber amplification unit that amplifies two pulse laser light having at least a first wavelength ?1 and a second wavelength ?2 that are different from each other while propagating the two pulse laser light with a time difference and outputs first amplified light and second amplified light that are amplified light of the pulse laser light; and an optical distance adjustment unit that differentiates optical distances at which the first amplified light and the second amplified light that are emitted from the optical fiber amplification unit propagate and superimposes the first amplified light and the second amplified light on each other.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes an illumination optical system, a spatial light modulator illuminated by light from the illumination optical system, a projection optical system that irradiates an exposure target with light emitted from the spatial light modulator, a stage on which the exposure target is placed to perform a relative movement between the exposure target and the projection optical system relative to each other in a predetermined scanning direction, and a controller that has a storage in which information relating to exposure pattern is stored and controls exposure for the exposure target. The controller controls the exposure for the exposure target so that a first step of performing a first exposure based on the information relating to the exposure pattern and a second step of performing a second exposure based on at least a portion of the information relating to the exposure pattern used in the first step are executed.

Abstract: A plurality of pixels PX include effective pixels and optical black pixels. Signal lines VL are provided corresponding to each column of the pixels PX and supplied with output signals of the pixels PX of the corresponding column. Clip transistors CL are provided corresponding to the respective signal lines VL and limit a potential of the corresponding vertical signal lines VL based on a gate potential. At least in a predetermined operating mode, a potential Vclip_dark is supplied to a gate of one of the clip transistors CL corresponding to at least one pixel column formed of the optical black pixels when reading a noise level from the pixels PX corresponding to the clip transistors CL and when reading a data level from the pixels PX corresponding to the clip transistors CL.