Abstract: A phototherapy method includes: introducing an ultrasound endoscope into a digestive tract; visualizing an irradiation target site in a body by the ultrasound endoscope introduced into the digestive tract; puncturing a vicinity of the irradiation target site with a distal-end section of a needle tube that is made to protrude from a distal-end section of the ultrasound endoscope introduced into the digestive tract; exposing an optical fiber from the distal-end section of the needle tube that has punctured the vicinity of the irradiation target site, by making the needle tube retreat with respect to the optical fiber accommodated inside the needle tube; and radiating light emitted from the exposed optical fiber onto the irradiation target site.

Abstract: A device includes: a sheath; an operating wire disposed inside the sheath; a grasping part that is provided at a distal end of the operating wire and that has one or more wires; and a bipolar electrode disposed at a distal end of the sheath. The sheath has, at intervals in the circumferential direction, escape grooves that extend from the distal end toward a proximal end of the sheath, that penetrate from an inner circumferential surface to an outer circumferential surface thereof, and that have such dimensions as to allow the wires to pass therethrough. The bipolar electrode is disposed at a position shifted radially outward from the central axis and at a position between two of the escape grooves in the circumferential direction. The distal end of the bipolar electrode is positioned closer to distal ends of the escape grooves than to proximal ends of the escape grooves.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: an objective optical system including a lens, allowing light from an imaging subject to be incident on a distal end surface, and focusing the light onto an image-capturing surface of an image-capturing element; an elongated light guide provided adjacent to a side of the system and guiding illumination light to be emitted from a distal end; and an optically transparent distal end cover disposed at a position where the distal end of the guide is covered, wherein the distal end surface is located farther forward than the distal end of the guide, a notched portion is provided at a distal-end outer edge of a side surface of the system, the side surface being adjacent to the guide, so that the system is narrower toward a front side from the distal end of the guide, and the cover is provided so as to bulge toward the notched portion.

Abstract: An endoscope treatment tool includes: a cylindrical distal-end member to be attached to a distal end of an endoscope; a grasping tool that is provided at an outer side surface of the endoscope along a longitudinal axis of the endoscope, that grasps biological tissue, and that is movable in a first direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in a state in which the biological tissue is grasped; an electrode that is disposed so as to protrude forward with respect to a distal end of the distal-end member; and an electrode driving portion that is configured to move the electrode in the first direction.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes: an endoscope distal end portion including an optical system configured to form an optical image, an image sensor configured to generate an image signal in accordance with a predetermined frame rate when the optical image is input, and an actuator configured to move the optical system along an optical axis; and a controller electrically connected to the endoscope distal end portion and including an imaging circuit configured to acquire the image signal from the image sensor, a drive circuit configured to feed a drive voltage to the actuator, and a processor configured to control the imaging circuit and the drive circuit, detect a vertical blanking period of the image signal acquired by the imaging circuit based on the image signal, and control the drive circuit to gradually increase a voltage supplied to the actuator within the vertical blanking period.

Abstract: An imaging device includes a camera unit and a control unit. A first power source voltage is transferred from the control unit to the camera unit by a power source line and is input to the camera unit as a second power source voltage. The control unit measures a value of a voltage generated at a point connecting the power source line and the control unit. The voltage at the point is generated based on both the second power source voltage held in a capacitor of the camera unit and a resistance component of the power source line. The control unit calculates a resistance value of the power source line based on the measured value. The control unit adjusts a value of the first power source voltage based on the resistance value.

Abstract: A clip device for gripping biological tissue of a patient includes a clip having a first arm and second arm closeable by operation of a wire that is reciprocally moveable in a longitudinal channel of a sheath; and a bendable member at a distal end region of the sheath. The bendable member can be an integral portion of the sheath or a separate structure. The bendable member is configured to allow a distal end of a clip to rotate or swing toward a proximal end region of the sheath of the device, which orients the clip relative to the sheath to facilitate grasping of tissue even when the approach of the clip is tangential to the tissue, e.g., at an angle (?) less than 90. The bendable member can be configured to allow a distal end of a clip to rotate or swing toward a proximal end region of a sheath and form an angle of up to at least about 45 degrees, such up to about 60 degrees or up to about 90 degrees, or higher.

Abstract: An insulation insert, an electrode carrier and an electrosurgical handheld instrument which can be used particularly efficiently and which is producible particularly cost-effectively. This is achieved by virtue of the insulation insert having a tube-like embodiment and being detachably couplable by way of a proximal end region to a distal end of a tube-like shaft of the handheld device and a central passage serving to accommodate an inner shaft of the handheld device. Two drilled holes for accommodating a respective electrode carrier tube of an electrode carrier are arranged opposite one another in a wall of the insulation insert and parallel to the central passage.

Abstract: An imaging device includes a pixel and a voltage generation circuit. The pixel is configured to operate based on a power source voltage and a reference voltage that is lower than the power source voltage and is higher than or equal to a ground voltage. The voltage generation circuit is configured to generate a predetermined positive voltage that is higher than the reference voltage and is lower than the power source voltage. A transfer transistor of the pixel is formed on a well. The predetermined positive voltage is applied to the well. The transfer transistor is configured to operate based on the power source voltage and the reference voltage.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrode and an electrode. An electrode for an electrosurgical handheld instrument includes an electrically conductive wire made of a plurality of portions. In this case, two portions of the wire R1 and L1, which directly adjoin two ends of the wire, are aligned both parallel to one another and straight. Moreover, the two first portions R1 and L1 are adjoined by two second portions R2 and L2, which are likewise aligned both parallel to one another and straight. In this case, the portion R2 directly adjoins the portion R1 and the portion L2 directly adjoins the portion L1. The two portions R2 and L2 in turn are connected to one another via a further portion.

Abstract: An electrosurgical system having an ultrasound generator, configured to emit a high-frequency electrical signal, and an ultrasound instrument, including an ultrasound transducer configured to convert the signal into an ultrasound oscillation, wherein the generator is further configured to determine a resonance frequency of the transducer and adapt a frequency of the signal to the resonance frequency, and wherein the generator is further configured to detect a phase position between the current and the voltage of the signal and based on the detected phase position to determine whether the frequency of the signal corresponds to the resonance frequency. To enable the resonance frequency of the transducer to be determined correctly irrespective of component tolerances, the electrosurgical system is characterized in that the generator is configured to consider, during determination of the phase position, correction values, which are or can be stored in a memory of the generator and/or of the instrument.

Abstract: A treatment tool includes a first grasper and a second grasper. The first grasper includes a treatment portion that includes a treatment surface and an opposing surface, and a holder portion that is mounted on the opposing surface. The holder portion is formed of an elastically deformable material, and includes a first region having a first contact surface, a second region having a second contact surface, and a connection region that is arranged between the first contact surface and the second contact surface and that includes a concave portion. The holder portion is mounted on the opposing surface in an elastically deformed state such that the first contact surface and the second contact surface are in contact with the opposing surface and such that a depth of the concave portion is smaller than a depth of the concave portion is a non-elastically deformed state.

Abstract: A processor of an operation supporting device acquires pre-operation data including position information of a feature portion of an inside of a body cavity of a subject, which is generated before an operation, and a procedure in the operation, which is planned before the operation, and acquires an endoscope image generated in the operation. The processor generates real-time data including real-time position information of the feature portion of the inside of the body cavity, based at least on the pre-operation data and the endoscope image, and generates an image to be displayed on the endoscope image in a superimposed manner, based on the real-time data. The processor recognizes a real-time scene based at least on the procedure planned before the operation and the real-time data.

Abstract: A medical device system that includes an ultrasound transducer and a processor. The ultrasound transducer includes a plurality of electrode plates to which a drive signal is supplied, and a plurality of piezoelectric elements that are alternately arranged with the electrode plates, and that generate ultrasound vibrations according to the drive signal. The ultrasound transducer also includes an electric wiring that electrically connects the electrode plates adjacent to each other, and a memory that stores reference information regarding specific initial characteristics. The processor analyzes the generated ultrasonic vibrations to determine a resonance point of the ultrasound transducer, and detects resonance point information regarding the resonance point. The processor then determines whether an abnormality has occurred in the ultrasound transducer by comparing the stored reference information and the detected resonance point information.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion section extending along a longitudinal axis and including a distal end portion, the distal end portion includes a distal end structural member including a conduit integrally formed as a through hole with the distal end structural member, the conduit configured so that a fluid flows through the conduit, the conduit includes a nozzle and a supply conduit located proximally relative to the nozzle, wherein a cross-sectional area of the supply conduit is greater than a cross-sectional area of the nozzle.

Abstract: A first power source voltage transferred from a control unit by a power source line is input to an imaging device as a second power source voltage. The imaging device generates a first voltage in a first period and generates a second voltage in a second period. The imaging device generates a reference voltage. The imaging device outputs a first signal indicating the first voltage and the reference voltage to a video signal line and outputs a second signal indicating the second voltage and the reference voltage to the video signal line. An amount of current consumption in the imaging device in the first period is less than an amount of current consumption in the imaging device in the second period.

Abstract: An endoscope including: a shaft assembly; and a handle assembly. The shaft assembly includes: a fiber tube; an outer shaft tube arranged around the fiber tube; and a support proximally extending from the outer shaft tube. The handle assembly is arranged around the support, and an electrical connection is arranged on an outer surface of the support extending from a proximal end of the support in a distal direction such that the electrical connection is arranged at least in part between the support and the handle assembly.

Abstract: A bending tube of an insertion appliance includes a first region including a first plurality of slits, a second region provided proximally relative to the first region and including a second plurality of slits, and a guiding surface on an inner circumferential surface of the bending tube, the guiding surface extending in a circumferential direction, and including a channel configured to slidably house a wire. Each slit of the first plurality of slits is at different position in the circumferential direction, and at different positions in a longitudinal direction. Each slit of the second plurality of slits is provided at different position in the circumferential direction, and at different position in the longitudinal direction. The first plurality of slits is distributed over a first angle in the circumferential direction, and the second plurality of slits is distributed over a second angle smaller than the first angle in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion portion, an operation portion, and a fitting mechanism coupling the insertion portion and the operation portion so as to be decouplable. The fitting mechanism includes a plate portion and a convex portion, and a fitted-shape portion and a hole. The convex portion is fitted to the fitted-shape portion. The hole exposes at least one of the plate portion or the convex portion to outside. The fitting mechanism is provided at a position around a center axis, corresponding to a bending wire.

Abstract: An imaging device includes a camera unit and a control unit. A first power source voltage is transferred from the camera unit to the control unit by a power source line and is input to the camera unit as a second power source voltage. The camera unit consumes the second power source voltage as a load current in a voltage-monitoring period. The control unit measures a value of the second power source voltage transferred from the camera unit by the video signal line in the voltage-monitoring period. The control unit adjusts a value of the first power source voltage in the video output period based on the measured value.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: a lens barrel having an opening of a through hole on an outer surface of the lens barrel; a lens inserted into the through hole and having a distal end surface which is disposed in a protruding manner from the outer surface; a first resin disposed between a wall surface of the through hole and a side surface of the lens; and a second resin disposed on a surface of the first resin, a portion of the lens barrel around the opening and an entire circumference of an outer peripheral portion of the distal end surface of the lens, the second resin containing rubber and light blocking particles and having an elastic modulus smaller than an elastic modulus of the first resin.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion portion including a bending portion, an operation portion including an operation lever, a grasping portion including an actuator, and a tube body, in a continuous manner. When the operation lever is tilted, the actuator pulls a wire, whereby the bending portion is bent in a vertical direction and a lateral direction. The actuator is arranged such that a center of gravity of a portion including the insertion portion, the operation portion, the grasping portion, and the tube body is within a range in which at least one of the fourth finger or the fifth finger of the hand grasping the grasping portion is positioned, in a longitudinal direction of the grasping portion.

Abstract: An optical transducer for endoscope includes an optical element, an optical fiber, and a ferrule, the ferrule including a semiconductor substrate and a glass substrate, in which: the semiconductor substrate has an insertion hole penetrating therethrough; an optical fiber is inserted into the insertion hole; the semiconductor substrate has a trench connected with the insertion hole and having an opening in a side surface; the trench has a convex on a bottom surface; and when a distal end surface of the optical fiber is observed from an opening of side surface of the tech, at least a part of the distal end surface is shielded by the convex.

Abstract: An imaging system includes: a solid-state imaging device that transmits an imaging signal of a continuous image that has been captured; and a control device that processes the imaging signal transmitted from the solid-state imaging device, and to control an operation of the solid-state imaging device. The solid-state imaging device includes: a pixel unit that acquires the imaging signal; a register that stores a setting value that defines the operation of the solid-state imaging device; a processing circuit that converts the imaging signal into a digital imaging signal; a frame configuration circuit that generates a serial digital transmission signal that is acquired by embedding a synchronizing signal synchronized with a horizontal synchronizing signal of the captured image in the digital imaging signal as a first serial clock signal; and a data transmission unit that transmits data of the digital transmission signal.

Abstract: An endoscope processor includes a processor that can be connected to an endoscope including a moving mechanism of a focusing lens included in an objective optical system and an image pickup apparatus. The processor is configured to determine whether or not a transition has been made from a screening state to a proximity state based on positional information of the focusing lens and an image in a proximity determination mode when a variation in an image height in an effective image range with control of the moving mechanism is 1% or less, and when it is determined that a transition has been made to the proximity state, the processor is configured to end the proximity determination mode and control the moving mechanism in an autofocus mode.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: a distal end rigid member including a distal end-side end portion and a proximal end-side end portion in the longitudinal axis direction of an insertion portion and a hole provided in the longitudinal axis direction; an objective optical unit inserted into and attached to an inside of the hole in the longitudinal axis direction; a camera unit; and a projecting portion projecting from at least a part of a periphery of the hole, from the proximal end-side end portion to a proximal end side in the longitudinal axis direction, by a length that is equal to or greater than a length up to a gravity center position of the camera unit in the longitudinal axis direction exceeding a connecting portion connecting the objective optical unit and the camera unit, so as to cover a part of an outer peripheral portion of the camera unit.

Abstract: A distal end unit of an endoscope includes: a distal end frame body that is constituted by a resin molded article configuring a molded interconnect device, that is provided with an image pickup unit containing room, and that is provided with an observation opening portion that opens the image pickup unit containing room on a distal end surface exposed to an exterior; a metal layer that is provided along a flat surface of the observation opening portion; a cover glass that closes the observation opening portion; a solder layer that is bonded to the metal layer and that holds the cover glass on the distal end frame body; and an adhesive layer that covers the solder layer, the metal layer is provided at a position corresponding to a groove provided on the flat surface, and the solder layer is disposed in an interior of the groove.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion portion including a distal end portion in which an image pickup unit is disposed, the insertion portion being configured to be inserted into an organ of a subject, an operation portion disposed at a proximal end of the insertion portion, and a sensor disposed in the operation portion, the sensor being configured to detect a pressure of a fluid in a flow passage passing through from the operation portion to a first opening of the distal end portion, the flow passage being configured to allow the fluid flowed into the operation portion to be flowed out from the first opening.

Abstract: An endoscope including an elongated shaft. The elongated shaft including: an inner shaft tube in which an optical system is received; an outer shaft assembly including an outer shaft tube and a tubular support body proximally abutting the outer shaft tube; at least one bundle of optical fibers disposed between the inner shaft tube and the outer shaft tube; and an electrical connector arranged between the inner shaft tube and the support body. Where the support body includes at least a first web and a second web each extending radially between an inner surface of the support body and an outer surface of the inner shaft tube, the first web and the second web also extending in a longitudinal direction of the shaft such that an annular space between the inner shaft tube and the support body is divided into at least two segments.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a light source apparatus configured to cause light of a plurality of colors to be emitted at a first/second light amount ratio to generate first/second illumination light, an endoscope configured to generate an image pickup signal, and a processing apparatus including a processor. The processor causes the light source apparatus to emit light while switching light between the first/second illumination light, generates a first image signal from an image pickup signal related to the first illumination light, generates a second image signal from an image pickup signal related to the second illumination light and generates a corrected image signal in which color is enhanced based on the first and the second image signals. The second illumination light is light obtained by adjusting the second light amount ratio so that the second image signal related to a reference portion substantially indicates achromatic color.

Abstract: A channel unit for an endoscope includes a conduit, a mounting member and a connection member having one end connected to the mounting member and another end connected to a distal end of the conduit, the connection member having flexibility and a variable length in a longitudinal direction, and a proximal end side fixing portion of the connection member is movable back and forth in the longitudinal direction with respect to a distal end side fixing portion of the connection member as the conduit moves back and forth in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A signal cable includes: a plurality of electric wires; a first insulating layer surrounding the plurality of electric wires; a shielding layer covering a circumference of the first insulating layer; a second insulating layer covering a circumference of the shielding layer; and a fixing portion fixing a distal end portion of the shielding layer, in which distal end portions of electric wires protrude more toward a distal end side than a distal end portion of the second insulating layer, the distal end portion of shielding layer is disposed nearer to the proximal end side than a distal end portion of the first insulating layer and the distal end portion of the second insulating layer, and the fixing portion fixes the distal end portion of the shielding layer in a space between the distal end portion of the first insulating layer and the distal end portion of the second insulating layer.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an imager unit loading region provided at a distal end portion of an insertion portion, a cable connection surface, a wall provided to connect an opening of the imager unit loading region and an opening of the cable connection surface to each other, a contact pattern formed on a wall surface of the imager unit loading region, a wiring pattern formed on a front surface of the cable connection surface from the wall, a connection pattern formed on the cable connection surface, and a through-electrode formed in the wall so that the imager unit loading region and the cable connection surface communicate with each other, configured to cause the contact pattern and the wiring pattern to electrically continue to each other, and formed at a predetermined angle with respect to a center axis of the distal end barrel member.

Abstract: An endoscope distal end structure includes: an imaging unit; a signal cable; and a distal end frame including a housing portion, and a cable connection portion configured to connect the signal cable. The housing portion is a recess formed on a distal end side of the distal end frame. The housing portion includes a side surface and a bottom surface provided with a connection terminal. At least a part of the cable connection portion is provided with a cable connection electrode that connects a core wire of the signal cable on a distal end side from a bottom surface of the housing portion with reference to the optical axis direction of the imaging unit. The connection terminal and the cable connection electrode are connected by a wiring pattern formed in the housing portion, an outer periphery of the distal end frame, and the cable connection portion.

Abstract: A communication system includes a transmission terminal and a reception terminal. One of the transmission terminal and the reception terminal includes a processor. The processor is configured to calculate an adjustment value indicating a difference between an imaging cycle and a display cycle. The processor is configured to cause the imaging cycle and the display cycle to match each other by adjusting a signal generator on the basis of the adjustment value. A connection history in which adjustment information and identification information of a communicator are associated with each other is recorded on a recording medium. The processor is configured to adjust the signal generator on the basis of the adjustment value indicated by the adjustment information when the first communicator and the second communicator connect to each other again.

Abstract: The ligation device includes a clip unit, an applicator, and the applicator includes a sheath, an operation wire, a second link that is provided on the operation wire, and is capable of being fitted to the first link at a protrusion position, the second link configured to be restricted a releasing of fitting to the first link at an accommodation position, a slider connected to the operation wire and is configured to move with a first operation, and a limiter including a switch member configured to move in an intersecting direction that intersects a direction of the first operation with a second operation. The limiter is configured to limit a movement range of the slider when the second operation is not performed, and configured to release a limitation of the movement range of the slider with the second operation and to allow the second link to move toward the protrusion position.

Abstract: A cam lock for cabinets adaptable to cabinet drawers and doors of various thicknesses is disclosed. The cam lock includes a cam, a plug, an adapter, and a cylinder housing. The plug has a keyway and tumblers in communication with the keyway. The adapter is configured to couple to the cam and the plug. The cylinder housing is configured to receive the plug and the adapter. The retainer clip is configured to extend through the cylinder housing into registry with the plug after the plug and adapter are inserted into the cylinder to thereby retain both the plug and the adapter in the cylinder housing, whereby installation of the cam lock in the cabinet is simplified.

Abstract: A signal processing device includes: a processor including at least one or more pieces of hardware, the processor being configured to: switch to one of a first state in which an input of a clock signal for operating an imager to the imager is permitted and a second state in which the input of the clock signal to the imager is prohibited, and temporarily switch from the first state to the second state when a first synchronization signal output from a first synchronization signal generation circuit and a second synchronization signal output from a second synchronization signal generation circuit are not synchronized.

Abstract: A cable connection structure includes: cables, each including a jacket and a core wire exposed at an end portion by removing the jacket; a first fixing member configured to fix distal end portions of exposed core wires while holding the cables at predetermined intervals; a second fixing member configured to fix proximal end portions of the exposed core wires while holding the cables at predetermined intervals; and a substrate including a core wire connection electrode configured to electrically connect the core wire at a position between the first fixing member and the second fixing member, wherein the first fixing member and the second fixing member are different members.

Abstract: An electronic device including: a multilayer printed circuit board; and a molded retaining body; wherein the printed circuit board is formed of structured layers of conducting and non-conducting materials adhered together, the conducting materials form conductor tracks and contact areas, the printed circuit board being stiffened in a rigid region by stiffening material, the rigid region having electronic components and encapsulated in an epoxy; the printed circuit board having a flexible region that is more flexible than the rigid region, the flexible region having contact areas; the retaining body having an arc-shape formed on a radial inner side of the retaining body for arrangement on an inner tube of an endoscope; the retaining body having, on a radial outer side, a receiving contour for receiving and shaping the printed circuit board; and the retaining body having a retainer for holding the printed circuit board in a bent state.

Abstract: A distal end frame includes: a first distal end frame member that includes a resin molded product which constitutes a molded interconnect device; a housing chamber that is provided on a distal end side of the first distal end frame member, and is formed of a recessed portion a distal end and one side of which are opened; a second distal end frame member that is composed of the resin molded product constituting the molded interconnect device, and is configured to close the one side of the housing chamber; a signal pattern that is the metal pattern formed in a region including a first joining surface which is a joining surface with the second distal end frame member, on a surface of the first distal end frame member; and a solder material which is configured to join the first distal end frame member and the second distal end frame member.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator is provided, including: at least one interface for connecting an electrosurgical instrument to the electrosurgical generator; an electrosurgical signal generation unit for supplying an electrosurgical signal to an electrosurgical instrument connected to the electrosurgical generator; a processor configured to control the electrosurgical signal generation unit; and an instrument detection unit configured to detect the type of an electrosurgical instrument connected to the electrosurgical generator; wherein the instrument detection unit comprises a camera and an image processor, the camera being configured to acquire one or more images of an electrosurgical instrument connected to the electrosurgical generator, and the image processor being configured to analyse the one or more images to detect the type of the electrosurgical instrument; and wherein the processor is configured to control the electrosurgical signal generation unit depending on the detected type of the electrosurgical

Abstract: A method for tracking the status of at least one medical device in a distributed medical device system includes a) determining an operational status of the at least one medical device, b) computing a digital representation of the operational status of the at least one medical device, and c) storing the digital representation in an electronic storage medium of the at least one medical device; wherein the method further d) comparing the digital representation of the operational status with a previously stored digital representation of a previously determined operational status of the at least one medical device, e) preparing a change report identifying any differences between the digital representation of the current status and the previously stored digital representation of the previously determined operational status, f) transmitting the change report to a status repository server, and g) storing of the change report in a database.

Abstract: A manipulator system includes: a manipulator; a driving device to which the manipulator is detachably connected and which electrically drives the manipulator; a control device; a first sensor provided in the driving device; and a second sensor provided in the manipulator or the driving device. The control device is configured to perform a first step of confirming that the driving device operates normally according to electric power on the basis of an output of the first sensor, and a second step of confirming that the manipulator is connected to the driving device on the basis of an output of the second sensor. The first step includes checking whether the first sensor is normal, and the second step includes checking whether the second sensor is normal on the basis of the output of the first sensor that has been confirmed to be normal and the output of the second sensor.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: a light source configured to emit white light having wavelength distribution of white color; an optical element configured to block at least light emitted from the light source, the at least light having wavelength band corresponding to a light absorption band with a highest peak from among light absorption bands of a medicinal substance used in phototherapy; an imaging element configured to perform imaging based on a light component which has passed through the optical element; and an image processor configured to process imaging signal obtained as a result of imaging performed by the imaging element, and generate an image.

Abstract: When an operation knob 10 formed of silicone rubber is pushed laterally, a stem 7 tilts with a contact portion (i) as a fulcrum, a push button portion 6b is pushed, and a contact point in a switch mechanism portion 6a operates to turn on a switch circuit. Even if, by a large operating force F3 being applied, the operation knob 10 is extended and the inner surface portion 15, which is a ceiling surface of an internal space 13 of the operation knob 10, rides on an upper end portion 7c, a reinforcing surface 19 provided on the inner surface portion 15 slides on the upper end portion 7c, and the operation knob 10 returns to the initial shape.

Abstract: An optical unit includes a first barrel, a second barrel, a third barrel, and a position detection unit. Eight magnets including first and second magnets are fixed to the first barrel. A first and second coils are fixed to the second barrel. The position detection unit includes a magnetic sensor configured to detect magnetic fields generated by the first and second magnets and to generate a detection signal having a corresponding relation with a position of the first barrel. The third barrel includes a position defining surface parallel to a moving direction of the first barrel. The position detection unit is fixed to the position defining surface.

Abstract: A wire fixing structure includes: a first hole portion through which a wire passes; and a second hole portion which is formed in a direction orthogonal to the first hole portion and communicates with the first hole portion. The wire includes: a first portion which is inserted into and is disposed in the first hole portion; a second portion which is extended from the first hole portion and wound around the outer peripheral portion of a wire fixing member; and a third portion which is inserted into and is disposed in the first hole portion again after the second portion is wound around the outer peripheral portion. The fastening member is inserted into the second hole portion and fixes the first portion and the third portion by pressing in the first hole portion.