Abstract: A method for treating wastewater containing fluorine is disclosed. The method for treating wastewater includes applying a vacuum to a membrane unit including a membrane having a hollow, injecting wastewater into the membrane unit so that the wastewater contacts an outer surface of the membrane, recovering hydrofluoric acid gas by evaporating hydrofluoric acid (HF) in the wastewater based on a vacuum applied to the inner surface of the membrane and moving the evaporated hydrofluoric acid (HF) to the inner surface through the membrane, injecting sweep gas into the membrane unit to discharge hydrofluoric acid gas remaining on the inner surface of the membrane, and forming a metal fluoride by reacting the recovered hydrofluoric acid gas with a metal oxide or metal hydroxide using a scrubbing process.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus configured to estimate an antioxidant component, the apparatus including a storage configured to store first antioxidant concentrations estimated at a first body part and second antioxidant concentrations estimated at a second body part, and a processor configured to estimate the first antioxidant concentrations at the first body part, to extract, as training data, data pairs of the first antioxidant concentrations and the second antioxidant concentrations from the storage based on learning conditions, and generate a transformation model configured to transfer the second antioxidant concentrations into a reference index based on the training data.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first sub-pixel electrode, a conductive bank layer including a first opening overlapping the first sub-pixel electrode in a plan view, an insulating layer between a peripheral portion of the first sub-pixel electrode and the conductive bank layer, a first intermediate layer disposed on the first sub-pixel electrode in the first opening of the conductive bank layer, and a first counter electrode disposed on the first intermediate layer in the first opening of the conductive bank layer. The conductive bank layer comprises a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer on the first conductive layer, and a third conductive layer on the second conductive layer. The first counter electrode has a width greater than a width of the first intermediate layer. The first counter electrode is in direct contact with the conductive bank layer.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a semiconductor layer disposed on a substrate and including a channel area, a source area and a drain area that are disposed at both sides of the channel area, and a first opening portion disposed adjacent to the source area or the drain area, and a first electrode overlapping and electrically connected to the source area or the drain area and including an edge adjacent to the first opening portion. The edge of the first electrode is concave in a direction from the first opening portion toward the source area or the drain area.

Abstract: A semiconductor package may include a substrate; at least one controller chip on the substrate; at least one chip structure on the substrate, the at least one chip structure including a buffer chip, an upper chip stack on the buffer chip, and a lower chip stack below the buffer chip; an upper wire electrically connecting the upper chip stack, the buffer chip, and the at least one controller chip; a lower wire electrically connecting the lower chip stack and the at least one controller chip; a connection wire electrically connecting the at least one controller chip to the substrate; and connection bumps below the substrate, the connection bumps being electrically connected to the at least one controller chip and the at least one chip structure.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a light emitting element that includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, a light emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a quantum dot, a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer disposed between the light emitting layer and the second electrode, wherein the electron transport layer includes an electron transport material, and the electron transport material includes a metal oxide particle, and a bicarbonate coupled to a surface of the metal oxide particle.

Abstract: Disclosed are semiconductor memory devices comprising a peripheral region including a substrate, high voltage transistors on the substrate, first lower lines connected to the high voltage transistors, and second lower lines connected to the first lower lines, and a cell region on the peripheral region. The first and the second lower lines extend along a first direction parallel to an upper surface of the substrate. The first lower lines include first high voltage lines and first low voltage lines. The second lower lines include second high voltage lines and second low voltage lines. The second high voltage lines and the first low voltage lines separated in a second direction parallel to the upper surface of the substrate and a third direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate, and the second low voltage lines and the first high voltage lines separated in the second direction and the third direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a source layer, a semiconductor layer including a semiconductor protrusion structure, and a drain layer arranged in a first horizontal direction on a substrate, a cell capacitor extending in the first horizontal direction on the substrate and including a lower electrode layer, a capacitor dielectric film, and an upper electrode layer connected to the drain layer, a bit line extending in a vertical direction on the substrate and connected to the source layer, and a gate structure covering the semiconductor protrusion structure and including a gate dielectric film on the semiconductor protrusion structure and a gate electrode film on the gate dielectric film. A value of a first thickness of an end portion of the semiconductor protrusion structure facing the drain layer is greater than a value of a second thickness of another end portion of the semiconductor protrusion structure facing the source layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating blood pressure may include: a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor configured to measure a PPG signal from a user; and a processor configured to: extract a cardiovascular feature from the PPG signal; calculate a first variation in the extracted cardiovascular feature compared to a reference cardiovascular feature measured at a reference time; determine a measurement posture of the PPG signal based on a time interval between two waveform components of the PPG signal; in response to the measurement posture corresponding to the reference posture, estimate the blood pressure based on the first variation; and in response to the measurement posture not corresponding to the reference posture, obtain a second variation by correcting the first variation; and estimate blood pressure based on the second variation.

Abstract: An imaging lens system is provided. The imaging lens system includes a lens group including a plurality of lenses; and an optical path conversion member disposed between the lens group and an imaging plane. The lens group may include a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, and a fourth lens sequentially disposed from an object side toward the imaging plane. The optical path conversion member may reflect light emitted from the lens group two or more times to increase a rear focal length of the lens group (or a distance from an image-side surface of a lens disposed on a rearmost side of the lens group to the imaging plane).

Abstract: An electronic device for estimating body temperature may include: a sensor including a heat source, a pair of first temperature sensors horizontally spaced apart from each other at two opposing sides of the heat source, and a pair of second temperature sensors vertically spaced apart from the pair of first temperature sensors in a thickness direction of the electronic device; and at least one processor configured to estimate a blood temperature difference based on temperatures measured by the pair of first temperature sensors and the pair of second temperature sensors, and estimate blood flow information based on the estimated blood temperature difference.

Abstract: An electronic device may establish a first connection with a first wearable device which includes a first actuator and is worn by a first user of the electronic device, establish a second connection with an external electronic device connected with a second wearable device which includes a second actuator and is worn by a second user, while the first connection and the second connection are maintained, obtain first movement information of the electronic device and second movement information of the external electronic device, based on the first movement information and the second movement information, identify a first mode in which the first wearable device is configured to operate using the first actuator and a second mode in which the second wearable device is configured to operate using the second actuator, transmit, to the first wearable device through the first connection, a first request signal for operating the first mode, and transmit, to the external electronic device through the second connection, a

Abstract: Embodiments provide a light-emitting device including an organometallic compound, and an electronic device including the light-emitting device. The light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, and the organometallic compound.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided for obtaining information for a plane on which light emitted from a projector is to be projected. The electronic device includes a processor, which identifies, from the plane based on the information, a first area having a first ratio, and a second area smaller than the first area. Moreover, the processor obtains, in a state that a media content displays in the first area identified by a communication circuitry, user interface (UI) associated with the media content. The processor controls the projector to display, in the second area, the UI having layout based on a width and a height of the second area. The electronic device may be provided in a metaverse or in a metaverse service for enhancing interconnectivity between real and virtual objects.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing apparatus includes a polishing platen that includes an electromagnet and is rotatable; a lower polishing pad that is positioned on the polishing platen, the lower polishing pad including a first area and a second area, the first area including a first magnetic material and the second area including a non-magnetic material, wherein the first area overlaps the electromagnet; an upper polishing pad that is positioned on the lower polishing pad, includes a second magnetic material, and overlaps the first area; and a polishing head configured to provide a wafer on the upper polishing pad and is rotatable.

Abstract: A computing device is provided. The computing device includes an electrode layer comprising a plurality of microelectrode arrays (MEAs), each MEA being configured with electrodes for stimulation and sensing of biological cells; an interposer layer comprising an interposer for a wiring connection between the plurality of MEAs and a substrate of the computing device; a circuit layer comprising a plurality of circuit chips configured to stimulate the cells and store excitement of the cells in response to the stimulation by corresponding electrodes; and a controller configured to control whether or how to connect the plurality of circuit chips to the plurality of MEAs.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including first gate electrodes stacked on a substrate and spaced apart from each other, a first channel structure passing through the first gate electrodes, the first channel structure including a first channel layer, a first dielectric layer between the first channel layer and the first gate electrodes, a first buried insulating layer filling an interior of the first channel layer, an auxiliary channel layer covering at least a portion of the first channel layer and the first dielectric layer, and a first channel pad on the first buried insulating layer, and isolation regions passing through the first gate electrodes, the isolation regions and spaced apart from each other may be provided. The auxiliary channel layer may be in contact with the first channel pad. The first channel pad may be spaced apart from the first dielectric layer by the auxiliary channel layer.

Abstract: A deposition mask for forming a pattern on a substrate to be deposited, includes a first portion having an upper surface, a second portion having an upper surface half-etched to a first depth from the upper surface of the first portion, and a third portion having an upper surface half-etched to a second depth from the upper surface of the second portion. The third portion defines an opening corresponding to the pattern, and an upper surface of the third portion includes a plane perpendicular to a thickness direction of the deposition mask.

Abstract: Disclosed are a load dispersion-type indoor lifting apparatus for a prefabricated steel structure, and a method of installing a prefabricated steel structure by using the same. The load dispersion-type indoor lifting apparatus for a prefabricated steel structure disclosed herein includes a moving cart, a support frame configured to be mounted on the moving cart, a lifting frame configured to be mounted on the support frame, and a plurality of stacker systems configured to lift up the lifting frame while pushing the support frame down.

Abstract: A system for obtaining output images having a quality index selectable by a user includes an electronic device including at least one processor and a memory storing input images and a set of generative artificial neural networks (GANs), the at least one processor being configured to perform artificial neural network operations. Each GAN is selectable by the user from the set of GANs stored in the memory, for obtaining an image with predefined quality index, each GAN is pre-trained and includes a plurality of Earlier Exit branches each of which is connected after each calculating module, each Earlier Exit branch contains as many calculating modules as remain in the backbone from a connection point of that Earlier Exit branch to a backbone exit, and each calculating module of each Earlier Exit branch performs a same function as a corresponding remaining calculating module in the backbone.

Abstract: An adhesive composition, a method for preparing the same, a reticle assembly including the same, and a method for fabricating the reticle assembly including the same are provided. The adhesive composition includes a polyphenol compound including tannic acid, a polymer including polyvinyl alcohol, and a solvent including water and alcohol.

Abstract: An imaging lens system includes a lens group including a plurality of lenses, and an optical path folding member disposed on an image side of the lens group, wherein ?1.2<fR/PL<?0.40, where fR is a focal length of a rearmost lens disposed closest to an imaging plane in the lens group, and PL is a distance from an incident surface of the optical path folding member to an exit surface of the optical path folding member.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a main body, a freezing compartment and a refrigerating compartment disposed inside the main body, an evaporator disposed in a cooling flow path and provided to supply cold air to the freezing compartment, a freezing compartment duct disposed in the freezing compartment to supply cold air generated by the evaporator to the freezing compartment, an ice maker disposed inside the main body, a water supply pipe provided to penetrate the cooling flow path to be directed to the ice maker, and a cover member coupled to the freezing compartment duct to block a movement of air between a cooling flow path and the freezing compartment.

Abstract: A lens, wherein a first profile in a first direction intersecting an optical axis and a second profile in a second direction intersecting the optical axis are different from each other, and a length of the first profile in the first direction is different from a length of the second profile in the second direction.

Abstract: A coil component includes a body including a first surface and a second surface opposing each other, a coil disposed in the body and having a concave portion disposed in a portion of a surface of the coil, an external electrode disposed on the first surface of the body, and a connecting conductor connecting the coil and the external electrode. The connecting conductor includes a filling region disposed in at least a portion of the concave portion of the coil and a tapered region having a side surface inclined with respect to the first surface.

Abstract: Provided is an infrared modulator including a silicon substrate, a multiple buffer layer on the silicon substrate, the multiple buffer layer including indium phosphide (InP), a first type semiconductor layer on the multiple buffer layer, the first type semiconductor layer including InP, a light absorption layer on the first type semiconductor layer, the light absorption layer including a quantum well structure including indium gallium arsenic phosphide (InGaAsP), and a second type semiconductor layer on the light absorption layer, the second type semiconductor layer including InP.

Abstract: A camera module includes a housing having an internal space, a carrier accommodated in the housing and being movable relative to the housing in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis, a ball member disposed between the housing and the carrier, a lens module accommodated in the carrier and movable in an optical axis direction relative to the carrier, an elastic unit connected to the carrier and the lens module, and a driving unit providing driving force to the lens module and the carrier, wherein the driving unit includes a magnet unit disposed on the carrier, a first coil unit disposed in the lens module, and a second coil unit disposed in the housing, and a first signal pattern is disposed in the housing, and the first signal pattern is electrically connected to the elastic unit.

Abstract: An operating method of the display device includes detecting, through at least one sensor, at least one sensing value corresponding to the at least one sensor, identifying a touch area on the display device that is touched by a mobile device, based on the at least one sensing value, receiving status information about an operation that is being executed by the mobile device, from the mobile device, and performing a function corresponding to the identified touch area, based on the received status information.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes first through seventh lenses. The first lens includes positive refractive power, the second lens includes a positive refractive power, the third lens includes a negative refractive power, an object-side surface thereof being convex, the fourth lens includes a positive refractive power, the fifth lens includes a negative refractive power, the sixth lens includes a negative refractive power, and the seventh lens includes a negative refractive power and having an inflection point formed on an image-side surface thereof. The first to seventh lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side toward an imaging plane.

Abstract: A storage device is provided. The storage device includes: a first memory configured to store a plurality of pieces of debug information; and a controller configured to: check an access level of target debug information among the plurality of pieces of debug information according to a debug information read command provided by a host device; and perform a security operation for the target debug information based on the access level of the target debug information.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens having a convex image-side surface, a second lens having a concave object-side surface, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens disposed sequentially from an object side. The optical imaging system satisfies 4.8<f/IMG_HT<9.0, where f is a focal length of the optical imaging system, and IMG_HT is half a diagonal length of an imaging surface of an image sensor.

Abstract: Provided is a learning data generation method including selecting first data and second data, each of the first data and the second data having a similarity to registered biometric data that is greater than or equal to a first threshold, determining a matching degree between the first data and the second data, and generating learning data based on matching the first data to the second data in response to a determination that the matching degree is greater than or equal to a second threshold.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens having negative refractive power, a second lens having negative refractive power, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens. The first to seventh lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side toward an image side. The third lens, the fourth lens, the sixth lens, and the seventh lens are formed of plastic, and the first lens, the second lens, and the fifth lens are formed of glass.

Abstract: A method of operating a storage device for programming data into a flash memory before a surface mount technology (SMT) process is provided. The method includes: comparing program states of first memory cells connected to a first word line with program states of second memory cells connected to a second word line; changing the program states of the second memory cells according to a result of the comparing; and multi-bit programming the data and changed state information into the second memory cells.

Abstract: An electronic device including a socket; a sensor configured to detect whether an object is inserted into the socket; a switch configured to control a supply of a current to the socket; a galvanizing device configured to detect the current flowing through the socket; and a processor that controls the switch based on detection of at least one of results of the sensor and the galvanizing device, wherein the processor is configured to: based on detecting insertion of the object into the socket, control the switch during a preset galvanization time, and control the switch such that the supply of the current to the socket is maintained based on a value of the current flowing through the socket during the preset galvanization time.

Abstract: A storage device includes one or more ports that form an electrical connection with an external device, one or more physical functions including physical resources, and exposed through the one or more ports to communicate with the external device, a storage controller that controls an operation of the storage device, and communicates with the external device through the one or more ports and the one or more physical functions, nonvolatile memories controlled by the storage controller, and a first buffer memory controlled by the storage controller. When the storage device is accessed by the external device, the first buffer memory is used by the one or more ports and the one or more physical functions to temporarily store data for the external device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for automatically updating an application installed in a container environment, and a computing device therefor. A method for automatically updating an application installed in a container environment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include: receiving a cryptogram corresponding to an update package for updating the application; decrypting the cryptogram by a decryption module installed in the container environment so as to extract an update script and an electronic signature regarding the update script from the update package; verifying the electronic signature by using a verification key regarding the electronic signature; and updating the application by executing the update script if the electronic signature is successfully verified.

Abstract: In a method of operating a storage device, first information associated with operation of the storage device is received from a host device. Second information internally generated based on write requests, read requests, and operation of the storage device is received. Program commands and read commands are transmitted to nonvolatile memories. Suspension commands are transmitted to at least one of nonvolatile memories. The suspension commands are generated based on the first and second information and are used to temporarily stop program operations performed based on the program commands. The number and timing of transmitting the suspension commands are controlled based on the first and second information. In response to changing at least one of the write requests and the read requests, the number and timing of transmitting the suspension commands are adaptively changed.

Abstract: Provided is a system including a memory device including an interface configured to receive a measurement value generation request signal from a host and transmit a first measurement value and a second measurement value to the host, attester firmware configured to receive measurement values for a plurality of pieces of firmware, a bootloader configured to perform booting, a first register configured to record a first measurement value of the bootloader, and a second register configured to record a second measurement value for the attester firmware in response to the first measurement value being recorded, and the host including processing circuitry configured to receive the first measurement value and the second measurement value, and determine whether to falsify the bootloader or the attester firmware based on at least one of (1) the first measurement value and first reference values or (2) the second measurement value and second refence values.

Abstract: Provided are a system for business process automation and a method thereof. The system according to some embodiments may include a connect manager configured to register and manage application programming interface (API) information for services, a process execution engine configured to execute a target business process comprising a particular service task, which is a task using a particular service provided by a service module, and a connect broker configured to acquire API information for the particular service, registered through the connect manager, during execution of the target business process in response to a request from the process execution engine, and process the particular service task by sending a request for the particular service to the service module using the acquired API information.

Abstract: Disclosed is an entity linking method. A method includes: extracting an entity from an input context including text stored in a memory; obtaining candidate entities corresponding to, and based on, the extracted entity; determining a keyword based on the input context; generating keyword-based entity information based on the keyword and based on the extracted entity; and determining a top-matching entity corresponding to the entity based on the keyword-based entity information and the plurality of candidate entities.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) nanoprobe device includes a body portion including a plurality of body layers that are stacked, a plurality of nanoprobes respectively extending longitudinally from the body portion, with each of the plurality of nanoprobes comprising a plurality of extension layers that are stacked, and an electrode portion disposed on a portion of the body portion.

Abstract: A background music providing method includes: based on a user command for executing a content recognition mode being received, obtaining a data corresponding to the content, reproduced on the display apparatus, in the content recognition mode; transmitting the obtained data to an external source; obtaining information corresponding to the content based on the data from the external source; and displaying a result UI corresponding to the obtained information on the display apparatus.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component includes a body including a capacitance formation portion including dielectric layers and internal electrodes alternately disposed in a first direction, and a cover portion disposed on both end surfaces of the capacitance formation portion, facing each other in the first direction, and having a first surface and a second surface opposing each other in the first direction, a third surface and a fourth surface connected to the first and second surfaces and opposing each other in a second direction, and a fifth surface and a sixth surface connected to the first to fourth surfaces and opposing each other in a third direction, and external electrodes disposed on the third and fourth surfaces. The internal electrodes and the dielectric layers protrude more outwardly than the cover portion in the second direction, and a groove is disposed at an end of the dielectric layer in the second direction.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: one or more processors configured to: extract, using an implicit neural representation (INR) model, a global geometry feature and information indicating whether a point is on a surface from a viewpoint and a view direction corresponding to an image pixel corresponding to a two-dimensional (2D) scene at the viewpoint within a field of view (FOV); determine an object surface position corresponding to the viewpoint and the view direction and normal information of the object surface position based on the information indicating whether the point is on the surface; estimate, using an albedo estimation model, albedo information independent of the view direction from the global geometry feature, the object surface position, and the normal information; and estimate, using a specular estimation model, specular information dependent on the view direction from the global geometry feature, the object surface position, the normal information, and the view direction.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a luminance calculator configured to convert input image data into luminance image data including luminance values of a plurality of pixels, a noise calculator configured to generate sum values obtained by adding noise values corresponding to neighboring pixels around a target pixel of the plurality of pixels, to the luminance values of the neighboring pixels, a tone mapper configured to generate first and second mapping data by applying a first tone curve and a second tone curve to a luminance value of the target pixel and the sum values of the neighboring pixels, a characteristic value calculator configured to calculate first and second weights for the first and second mapping data, a gain blender configured to adjust the first and second weights and generate output image data, and a display device configured to display the output image data.

Abstract: A method performed by an electronic apparatus, includes: determining a local frame sequence from a video; obtaining a feature map sequence of the local frame sequence by encoding the local frame sequence; determining a feature flow sequence of the local frame sequence based on the feature map sequence of the local frame sequence and a mask image sequence regarding an object to be removed, the mask image sequence being corresponding to the feature map sequence; obtaining an updated feature map sequence of the local frame sequence, by performing, based on the feature flow sequence, feature fusion between adjacent feature maps in the feature map sequence; and obtaining a processed local frame sequence, by decoding the updated feature map sequence of the local frame sequence.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component, in which a first external electrode may include a 1-2-th electrode layer including glass, and a 1-3-th electrode layer disposed on the first and second surfaces and a second external electrode may include a 2-2-th electrode layer including glass, and a 2-3-th electrode layer disposed on the first and second surfaces. In cross sections of the first and second external electrodes in the first and second directions, when an area fraction occupied by glass in the 1-2-th electrode layer is S1-2, an area fraction occupied by glass in the 1-3-th electrode layer is S1-3, an area fraction occupied by glass in the 2-2-th electrode layer is S2-2, and an area fraction occupied by glass in the 2-3-th electrode layer is S2-3, S1-2?15%, S1-2?S1-3, S2-2?15%, S2-2>S2-3 are satisfied, thereby preventing cracks and improving moisture resistance reliability.

Abstract: A computing device obtains first metadata information related to a plurality of items of content and content viewing history information related to a user, generates a first feature vector for the user based on second metadata information related to at least one item of content viewed by the user in the content viewing history information related to the user, generates a plurality of second feature vectors, each of the plurality of second feature vectors corresponding to one of the plurality of items of content based on the first metadata information related to the plurality of items of content, and generate a recommendation including at least one item of content to the user, among the plurality of items of content, based on a result of a comparison between first feature vector for the user and the plurality of second feature vectors of the plurality of items of content.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component, in which the first external electrode may include the 1-1-th electrode layer disposed on the third surface, and the 1-2-th electrode layer disposed on the first and second surfaces, and the second external electrode may include the 2-1-th electrode layer disposed on the fourth surface and the 2-2-th electrode layer disposed on the first and second surfaces, wherein the 1-2-th electrode layer and the 2-2-th electrode layer include Cu and a first additive element having a content lower than a content of the Cu, the contents of the first additive element included in the 1-2-th electrode layer and the 2-2-th electrode layer are greater than the contents of the first additive element included in the 1-1-th electrode layer and the 2-1-th electrode layer, respectively, and the first additive element is at least one selected from Ag and Al, thereby preventing cracks and improving moisture resistance reliability.