Abstract: Multi-use tools are described. According to one aspect of the invention, a tool includes a chevron-shaped body, and a coupling mechanism configured to couple a handle to the chevron-shaped body. According to another aspect of the invention, a tool including a chevron-shaped body comprising a first external edge, a second external edge, a first internal edge, and a second internal edge. The tool also includes a handle, a coupling mechanism demountably coupling the handle to the chevron-shaped body and a void formed by the first internal edge, the second internal edge, and the coupling mechanism. An apex of the chevron-shaped body points away from the handle.

Abstract: A cutter unit for a rotating tilling machine comprises a coupling flange connected to a rotor, a first blade and a second blade that comprises a respective operating portion and a respective coupling portion. The cutter unit further comprises a housing seat for the bladed. The coupling portion of the first blade comprises an opening suitable for housing a locking element for locking said first blade in a direction of extraction of the blades from the housing seat and the blades comprise a respective shaped portion arranged one after the other along the direction of extraction of the blades.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a nontoxic agricultural formulation of a concentrated liquid suspension comprising an organic phase and suspended particulate materials, and also encompasses an aqueous formulation comprising the concentrated liquid suspension and an agricultural treatment agent. The invention additionally encompasses methods of treating an agricultural target, comprising providing an agricultural formulation of a concentrated liquid suspension comprising an organic phase and suspended particulates, and applying the agricultural formulation onto the agricultural target, thereby treating the agricultural target.

Abstract: A metering system for an agricultural system includes a singulator. The singulator includes a hopper configured to provide a flow of plantlet casings from a storage tank of the agricultural system, a pair of counter-rotating rods configured to receive the plantlet casings from the hopper at a feed rate, where the pair of counter-rotating rods are spaced apart from one another to form a gap, and where the gap is configured to direct the plantlet casings from a first end of the pair of counter-rotating rods to a second end of the pair of counter-rotating rods, and a drive assembly configured to drive rotation of the pair of counter-rotating rods.

Abstract: A flow control assembly for an agricultural metering system includes a first gate control shaft configured to drive a first gate of a seed meter to transition between an open position and a closed position. The flow control assembly also includes a handle configured to drive the first gate control shaft to rotate via rotation of the handle between a first position that corresponds to the open position of the first gate and a second position that corresponds to the closed position of the first gate. In addition, the flow control assembly includes a locking assembly configured to secure the handle to the first gate control shaft at least while the handle is in the first position, and to enable the handle to be released from the first gate control shaft at least while the handle is in the second position.

Abstract: A metering system for an agricultural system includes an inductor. The inductor includes a receiving portion configured to receive plantlet casings at a feed rate, a conduit coupled to the receiving portion and configured to receive the plantlet casings from the receiving portion, where the conduit is configured to convey the plantlet casings to at least one row unit, an air source fluidly coupled to the conduit and configured to provide an air flow through the conduit to convey the plantlet casings to the at least one row unit, and a physical feature configured to block flow of the plantlet casings toward the air source.

Abstract: Autonomous mobile field robots may be used to maintain fields. An autonomous mobile field robot may perform soil mechanics with environment sensors at a sub-region and store the soil mechanics. The robot may further determine soil temperature of the sub-region and store the soil temperature. The soil mechanics and the soil temperature are sent to a monitoring server via a radio access network for storage and analysis. The parameters for the soil of the sub-region may be adjusted based on the soil mechanics of the sub-region with the chemicals from chemical storage units. The robot may return to a home station to refill one or more of the water or chemicals.

Abstract: A rake assembly includes a raking unit that may be manipulated thereby facilitating the raking unit to rake debris. The raking unit has a first half and a second half. Each of the first half and the second half is positionable in a closed position. Thus, each of the first half and the second half grips the debris thereby facilitating the debris to be selectively dumped. A closing unit is movably coupled to the raking unit and the closing unit may be manipulated. The closing unit is operationally coupled to each of the first half and the second half. Thus, the closing unit selectively positions each of the first half and the second half in the closed position when the closing unit is manipulated.

Abstract: A belted chain connection system includes first and second flexible belt portions, each flexible belt portion having first and second ends with integral lugs extending therefrom. A non-circular aperture extends transversely through the integral lugs, and a reinforcing ply is embedded within each flexible belt portion, the reinforcing ply having a continuous portion substantially circumscribing the non-circular aperture in each lug. A non-circular pin is configured to extend transversely through aligned non-circular apertures of the lugs of the first and second ends of adjacent belt segments, to non-rotatably connect the adjacent belt segments.

Abstract: A trimmer head spool for a vegetation trimmer machine. The spool includes a hub that defines a bore and has at least one flange or a plurality of spokes extending radially outwardly therefrom. A trimmer line conduit defined in the spool includes a first funnel defined in a first region of the flange or spokes and a second funnel defined in a second region of the flange or spokes. A non-radial guide channel is in fluid communication with the first and second funnels. The non-radial guide channel spans the hub's bore and does not extend through a central axis of the spool about which the spool is rotatable. The non-radial guide channel may be provided on a module that is selectively inserted into the bore and aligned with the first and second funnels. In other embodiments the entire trimmer line conduit is integrally formed in the spool.

Abstract: A trimmer head spool for a vegetation trimmer machine. The spool includes a hub that defines a bore and has at least one flange or a plurality of spokes extending radially outwardly therefrom. A trimmer line conduit is defined in the spool and includes a first funnel defined in a first region of the flange or spokes and a second funnel defined in a second region of the flange or spokes. A non-radial guide channel is in fluid communication with the first and second funnels. The non-radial guide channel spans the hub's bore and does not extend through a central axis of the spool about which the spool is rotatable. The non-radial guide channel may be provided on a module that is selectively inserted into the bore and aligned with the first and second funnels. In other embodiments the entire trimmer line conduit is integrally formed in the spool.

Abstract: A cutting deck for housing first and second cutting blades rotatable inside a cutting chamber is provided. The cutting deck includes a weldment including a top plate and side plates. The top plate includes first and second shaft reception orifices, and a flow control assembly extending away from the top plate to define an airflow channel between the flow control assembly and the side plates. The flow control assembly includes a first directional changing portion proximate to the first shaft reception orifice and a second directional changing portion proximate to the second shaft reception orifice. The first and second directional changing portions are separated from each other by straight portions. The first and second directional changing portions are passed over only by respective ones of the first and second cutting blades, and both the first and second cutting blades pass over the straight portions.

Abstract: A mulching device is equipped with a tool that can be set into rotation about an axis of rotation tilted upwards and to the rear in order to process plant stubble. The rotational direction of the tool can be selected such that the tool is pressed back out of the ground by the driving torque in the event of an overload.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide methods and apparatus for inducing (harmonic) vibration of objects having a large mass(es), such as the trunk of a fruit or nut tree, the crop of which may be harvested by shaking the tree through the induced vibration. Linear and radial embodiments utilize and include an actuator using Terfenol-D, a magnetostrictive actuator. Alternative embodiments utilize a piston rod actuator.

Abstract: A header for a combine harvester is provided. The header includes a row unit, a knife mount and a cutting blade. The knife mount is mounted to the row unit. The cutting blade is mounted to the knife mount and includes a leading cutting edge, and a tail end configured to generate a flow of air substantially transverse to a major plane of the cutting blade.

Abstract: A module builder of an agricultural vehicle includes a chamber operable to support and form a product. A wrap is feedable into the chamber through a pinch point, the pinch point partially defined by a rotatable roller. A belt at least partially defines a wrap path. The wrap is configured to move along the wrap path to surround the product in the chamber. A gas flow system and/or a reversing belt is operable to direct the wrap from the pinch point toward the wrap path.

Abstract: A baler configured to execute a baling cycle to form a bale of crop material, the baler including a gate configured to move between a closed position and an open position. The system includes an accumulator coupled to the baler and having a receiving area configured to receive the bale from the baler when the gate is in the open position, and an actuator configured to direct the bale received from the baler selectively toward a first accumulation area or a second accumulation area of the accumulator. The system also includes a hydraulic circuit operatively coupled to the actuator and configured to, in a first configuration, move the actuator toward the first accumulation area and, in a second configuration, move the actuator toward the second accumulation area. A hydraulic valve is moved during the baling cycle to alternate the hydraulic circuit between the first configuration and the second configuration.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for determining and improving agronomic characteristics.

Abstract: A flip-chip fluorescent lens includes a light-permeable member and a fluorescent member. The light-permeable member includes a first face and a second face opposite to the first face. A light condensing portion protrudes from the first face. The second face is recessed toward the light condensing portion to form a chamber in which the fluorescent member is filled. The fluorescent member is exposed and is made of a mixture of a transparent colloid and fluorescent powder. A lighting module includes the flip-chip fluorescent lens and a light-emitting member covered by the fluorescent member and detachably engaged with the flip-chip fluorescent lens. The lighting module can be placed into a container to form an organism cultivation apparatus for growing plants. A lighting module modification method is provided to change the color of the light emitted by a lighting module to be modified.

Abstract: A package for a living, edible plant includes a tray having a bottom wall and four side walls defining an open, upper end of said tray, and a living, edible plant being having leaves that extend above the open, upper end of said tray. The package has a flexible outer container having a bottom panel extending along a closed lower end of the flexible outer container and side panels extending upwardly from the bottom panel toward an open upper end of the flexible outer container. The tray and the plant are disposed inside the flexible outer container so that the bottom wall of the tray reinforces the bottom panel of the flexible outer container and the side walls of the tray oppose the side panels of the flexible outer container. The upper ends of the side panels of the flexible outer container extend above upper ends of the four side walls of the tray.

Abstract: A grow plug (1) has a dimensionally stabilized dried body (3) of glued organic material as well as at least a single seed grain (5). The seed grain is present on the body and the body has a density that is such that it absorbs liquid from below up to the top side and retains an amount of water that is sufficient for having the seed grain germinate and grow into a plant. When a plant is cultivated by means of this grow plug (1) the grow plug is put in the soil (25) or in a cultivation system and subsequently moistened by pouring water from above onto the grow plug, where the redundant water is drained by the grow plug or the grow plug is inserted into water (21) with its bottom side, and the grow plug sucks up water and some time after the germination of the seed grain the grow plug is put in the soil (25) or in the cultivation system.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided. There is a frame that is secured in a fixed position with ribs positioned between first and second ends of the frame. First and second walls that are respectively positioned at the first and second ends, which have support members that are secured together and arranged to form a lattice with portals and panels secured within the portals. There is a fan secured in at least one of the portals, and an entryway located within with first wall. A covering member is secured to the frame, and an evaporative cooler located in proximity the second wall.

Abstract: The cotton variety ST 4747GLB2 is disclosed. The invention relates to seeds, plants, plant cells, plant tissue, harvested products and cotton lint as well as to hybrid cotton plants and seeds obtained by repeatedly crossing plants of variety ST 4747GLB2 with other plants. The invention also relates to plants and varieties produced by the method of essential derivation from plants of ST 4747GLB2 and to plants of ST 4747GLB2 reproduced by vegetative methods, including but not limited to tissue culture of regenerable cells or tissue from ST 4747GLB2.

Abstract: Novel garden bean cultivars, such as bean designated HMX4104, HMX0164423, HMX0164444, HMX0164476 and/or HMX0164494 are disclosed. In some embodiments, the invention relates to the seeds of garden bean HMX4104, HMX0164423, HMX0164444, HMX0164476 and/or HMX0164494, to the plants and plant parts of garden bean HMX4104, HMX0164423, HMX0164444, HMX0164476 and/or HMX0164494, and to methods for producing a garden bean plant by crossing the garden bean HMX4104, HMX0164423, HMX0164444, HMX0164476 and/or HMX0164494 with itself or another garden bean plant. The invention further relates to methods for producing other garden bean plants derived from the garden bean HMX4104, HMX0164423, HMX0164444, HMX0164476 and/or HMX0164494.

Abstract: The invention relates to plants with an improved organ phenotype. In particular, the invention relates to rice plants which have better grain quality and altered seed phenotype due to increased expression of GW7 (LOC_Os07g41200) or due to a combination of increased expression of GW7 and reduced expression of GS3 (OsSPL16). Grains show increased length and increased slenderness.

Abstract: A lettuce cultivar, designated Zorro, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds, plants and plant parts of lettuce cultivar Zorro and to methods for producing a lettuce plant by crossing the cultivar Zorro with itself or another lettuce cultivar. The invention further relates to methods for producing a lettuce plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic lettuce plants and plant parts produced by those methods. This invention also relates to lettuce cultivars or breeding cultivars and plant parts derived from lettuce cultivar Zorro, to methods for producing other lettuce cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from lettuce cultivar Zorro and to the lettuce plants, varieties, and their parts derived from the use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid lettuce seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing cultivar Zorro with another lettuce cultivar.

Abstract: This invention is related to a double grab, its rinsing cup and milking machine provided therewith, and the method for automatically applying test cups to the teats of an udder of an animal to be milked. The double grab according to the invention includes: —a first housing part provided with a first magnet designed to hold a first teat cup; —a second housing part, installed substantially in a horizontal plane next to the first housing part, provided with a second magnet designed to hold a second teat cup; —whereby each housing part is provided with separate pivoting means that can be activated and is designed to make the related housing part pivot around a pivoting axis which in use, extends substantially in a horizontal direction, substantially in a widthwise direction of the arm.

Abstract: A space divider of a milking parlor arrangement for at least one milking parlor for milking milk-producing animals, wherein the space divider is arranged approximately parallel to a longitudinal axis of the animal to be milked, has an arm device having a milking cluster, which can be adjusted from a parking position to a working position and back. The arm device is arranged with the milking cluster in the parking position in the space divider and can be adjusted into the working position laterally to the animal to be milked between the front and rear legs thereof. The space divider may include a replaceable service unit.

Abstract: Improving milking system performance through the incorporation of a source of greater than atmospheric pressure air into a pulsator while limiting total pressure in the teat cup. The system is further improved by providing an improved supply of regulated vacuum to the milking cluster throughout the milking process. The system is further improved with a monitoring and detecting the functional failure of the pulsation assemblies. Additional system improvements are provided with the addition of a fresh air valve assembly, a wireless method of regulating vacuum levels and the remote location of a pulsator assembly in a basement style parlor.

Abstract: A portable corral that is hinged to the side of a horse trailer. The horse corral consists of fence panel sections that are stored flush against the side of a horse trailer and, by use of a hinge system, fold outwardly to form a corral. Two fence sections are hingedly coupled to a trailer side. An additional fence section, hingedly coupled to one of the trailer mounted fence sections, form a square or rectangular corral. One of the fence sections may include a gate for ease of entry and exit to the corral. When the corral is not in use, the fence sections are rotated back against the side wall of the trailer for storage. Adjustable feet are used for leveling of the fence sections and are retractable for storage.

Abstract: A disposable liner assembly to be placed in a pan for the successive sifting of litter and removal of animal waste, each sheet is arranged above and below one another such that the sifting apertures in the sheet are above and below the solid portions of a sheet below and above it to form an apertures closure. Some embodiments are provided with positioning apertures in each sheet make it easy to properly offset the thin flexible sheets relative to one another. The present invention also includes a shielded liner retainer to be removably placed over the pan to cover and clamp the liners in a fix position.

Abstract: A pet carrier includes an outer frame and an inner frame slidably coupled to the outer frame along an axis. The inner frame defines a pet compartment. An energy absorbing element is disposed between the inner frame and the outer frame along the axis. During a vehicle impact, momentum of a pet may move the pet toward the inner frame and may force the inner frame to slide relative to the outer frame. During this movement, the energy absorbing elements may absorb energy from the pet, softening the impact of the pet with the pet carrier.

Abstract: A top surface of an elevating stand of a pet feeding system defines bowl receptacles into which respective food and water bowls may be removably installed. A first zone of the top surface of the stand includes an upwardly convex ring that laterally surrounds a respective bowl receptacle. A second zone of the top surface of the stand laterally surrounds the first zone, except as interrupted by a finger notch. Each bowl has a peripheral lip with a lower surface formed as a downwardly concave ring that is spaced over the upwardly convex ring of the stand. An edge of the bowl rests on the second zone at a location below the upper limit of the convex ring, thereby supporting the entire weight of the bowl and its contents on the stand. A base of the stand cooperates with upstanding ribs in an elastomeric mat to prevent lateral movement of the stand and to prevent rotation of the stand around the stand center.

Abstract: An automated livestock feeder consists of a feeder body, a plurality of supports, an actuating mechanism, a control system, and a power source. The feeder body has an internal feed reservoir, a dispenser aperture, a dispenser door, a fill aperture, and a fill door. The actuating mechanism is engaged with the dispenser door to open and close the dispenser door over the dispenser aperture in order to dispense livestock feed from the feed reservoir into a trough. The control system can be programmed to automatically dispense feed at pre-programmed times or intervals.

Abstract: A pet bathing apparatus is disclosed. The disclosed apparatus comprises of two bottom rods, two top rods, top and bottom connecting vertical rods, adjusting extendable rods, width adjusting rods connecting bottom rods and straps connecting top rods to hold the animal in the bath tub. The bathing apparatus is made of strong plastic or metal that will not scratch the bath tub but will be strong enough to hold the weight. The bathing apparatus is designed specifically to assist pet owners in bathing their handicapped pets, or pet with missing limbs. The disclosed bathing apparatus can be easily folded and stored.

Abstract: A pet grooming assembly includes a panel that may be coupled to a vertical support surface thereby facilitating the panel to be accessible to a pet. An adhesive layer is coupled to the panel. The adhesive layer may adhesively engage the vertical support surface. Thus, the panel is retained on the vertical support surface. A plurality of bristles is provided and each of the bristles is removably coupled to the panel. Thus, each of the bristles may frictionally engage the pet thereby facilitating the pet to groom themselves.

Abstract: A calf weaning assembly includes a first ear tag that may be worn on an ear of a cow. The first ear tag is in electrical communication with cow's skin. Thus, the first ear tag selectively delivers an electric shock to the cow. A second ear tag may be worn on an ear of a calf. The second ear tag is in electrical communication with calf's skin. Thus, the second ear tag selectively delivers an electric shock to the calf. Each of the first ear tag and the second ear tag deliver the electric shock when the calf makes physical contact with the cow thereby inhibiting the calf from suckling on the cow. A remote unit is in electrical communication with each of the first ear tag and the second ear tag. The remote unit controls operational parameters of each of the first ear tag and the second ear tag.

Abstract: A device for attaching to an animal and capturing feces therefrom is described. The device may have a bag, a material in a circular shape, the material having a center containing a cutout, the cutout forming an inner diameter, the circular shape having at least four elongated straps radiating away from an outer diameter of the circular shape. In at least some embodiments, the at least four elongated straps and the circular shape are integrally formed and the circular shape has an attachment mechanism for the bag.

Abstract: An apparatus or a method for detecting activity quantity of an object includes a sense unit, a count unit, a trigger unit, and a radio circuit. The sense unit senses movements of the object, and generates a sensing signal based on the sensed movements. The count unit receives the sensing signal from the sense unit, counts a number of the movements from the sensing signal, and generates a movement number signal including the number of the movements. The trigger unit generates a trigger signal based on whether one or more trigger conditions are satisfied. The radio circuit is triggered in response to the trigger signal, to generate an activity quantity signal based on the movement number signal and ID information corresponding to the object.

Abstract: A birdseed dispenser and birdfeeder incorporating the same are provided. The dispenser has a base assembly mounted to a first opening formed in the sidewall of the birdseed reservoir, including a front plate having a second opening formed therein, a flange extending around the second opening and projecting away from the front plate, and an end wall supported by the flange such that the flange and end wall together define a chamber. The dispenser also includes an apertured piece received in the chamber having a first seed aperture of a first configuration and a second seed aperture of a different configuration. The apertured piece is moveable between a first orientation, which places the first seed aperture in a seed accessible state permitting birds access to the seed, and a second orientation to place the second seed aperture in the seed accessible state.

Abstract: A system for the polishing treatment of inner walls of aquatic enclosures includes at least one tank of abrasive mixture and at least one surface treatment head which communicates fluidically with the tank of abrasive mixture, a mover allowing the treatment head to be moved along the wall to be treated, and a supply allowing the treatment head to be supplied with a substantially continuous flow of abrasive mixture.

Abstract: A method for producing a cell in which a target gene is knocked out, the method including the step of: introducing a CRISPR-Cas system into a cell having one or more kinds of target genes, the CRISPR-Cas system being able to produce (i) three or more kinds of guide RNAs for each of the one or more kinds of target genes and (ii) a Cas protein. The present invention can provide a method that enables highly efficient (90% or more) production of whole-body biallelic knockout animals in a single generation.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to genetically modified non-human animals expressing human polypeptides and their methods of use.

Abstract: The invention presents a solution that makes the rigging of a tube fly, which can be used for fishing with fishing rod arrangements or fishing line, easier and simpler. Using the invention with tube fly rigging helps to make tidier and more symmetrical flies and speeds up the tube fly rigging and serial production. An example of a counter-cone sleeve for tube fly rigging as described herein can include, for example, a sleeve having a counter-cone shape including a front cone section, a mid-section and a rear cone section, wherein there is an angle between an outer surface of the mid-section and an outer surface of the rear cone section of between 95 to 140 degrees and wherein there is an angle between the outer surface of the mid-section and an outer surface of the front cone section of between 95 to 155 degrees, and a hole arranged to penetrate through the counter-cone sleeve, wherein the hole is fitted for a base tube of a tube fly.

Abstract: A fishing rod grip generally U-shaped in cross section through a vertical plane to curve around an axis. The main body has a front, a back, a right side, a left side, a front-edge, a rear edge; and an underside. The proximate left top edge extends a greater distance radially from the axis than the proximate right top such that a user's thenar may ergonomically rest against the left side. The distal right top edge is generally S-shaped when viewed trans-axially to define a thumb portion and thumb opening. The thumb portion has a height greater than the distal left top edge to ergonomically accommodate a user's thumb. The thumb opening provides accessibility to a line of the reel. A finger portion extends from the underside to ergonomically accommodate a user's index finger. An optional thumb screw can connect proximate right top edge to proximate left top edge.

Abstract: A fishing bait cooler device stores bait worms in a cool environment and facilitates access to the worms. The device includes a bottom container defining an interior space for holding a cold material and a top container defining a storage space for holding soil and bait worms. A panel is coupled to the top container and adjustable between a closed position and an open position exposing the storage space. The top container is coupled to the bottom container and adjustable between an access position and a storage position. The top container is positioned in abutment and is aligned with the bottom container in the storage position. The panel is exposed in the access position.

Abstract: A marine hub attaches to a boat pedestal, dock support or other vertical support post, and has removable interchangeable attachment arms that radiate from a main body tube or disk that fits around the support post. The main body tube has a bore with an inside diameter just larger than the diameter of the support post. An adapter ring may be used within the bore of the main body tube for mounting on posts that are smaller, or not cylindrical. Support stub members radiate from the main body tube, and the attachment arms secure to these with quick release pins. The support arms may be used with fishing or boating accessories, beverage holders, or other equipment.

Abstract: A fishing accessory organizer that is installed underneath of a boat seat to allow a user to conveniently locate and retrieve equipment. The fishing accessory organizer includes a container body through which a seat pole hole traverses. The container body is fitted around a pedestal pole of a boat seat, wherein the pedestal pole traverses through the seat pole hole, such that the container body may freely rotate about the pedestal pole. A plurality of organization cavities is formed into the container body, wherein each of the plurality of organization cavities is of various shape and size to accommodate different fishing equipment. A locking plate positioned below the container body allows the user to adjust the height of the container body and configure the optimal reach.

Abstract: A horseshoe (10) comprising a relatively rigid insert (14) operatively connected to a sole (12), the relatively rigid (14) insert typically being made of metal and being generally U-shaped with a front, central portion and a pair of spaced-apart branches extending from opposite ends of the central portion. The sole (12), in certain embodiments, is overmoulded onto the insert (14) and forms a “frog” for protecting the sole of a hoof and through which loads can be transmitted to a walking surface. The sole (12) comprises central portion having a generally W-shaped lateral cross-section (76) comprising an apex (70) and a valley (74, 76) interposed between the apex (70) and each of the branches. Thus, when a load (82) is applied to the sole (12) of the shoe (10) from above, the apex (70) of the W-cross-sectioned portion (76) of the sole (12) is depressed, and this deflection spreads the sole (12) such that it exerts a radially outward force onto the branches of the metal insert (14), thus widening the shoe (10).

Abstract: A microparticle structure for a slow release of an insect attractant pheromone includes: a core layer and a shell layer. The core layer may include a carrier and a first attractant pheromone, wherein the carrier is formed of a biodegradable material. The shell layer may be a shell including a plurality of microcapsules encapsulating the core layer, wherein the plurality of microcapsules include a chitosan shell and a second attractant pheromone encapsulated by the chitosan shell.