Abstract: A self-regulating exhaust gas boiler intended for the recovery of thermal energy from the exhaust gases of diesel engines or the like, has a steam/water cylinder acting as the water and steam space. There is a convection part acting as the vaporizer and being fitted in the vertical orientation between the steam/water cylinder and a lower cylinder, or the like, and connected to it. There is at least one downcomer interconnecting the steam/water cylinder and the lower cylinder, or the like. At least one valve or corresponding device regulates the amount of water and the water level in the convection part is mounted between the steam/water cylinder and the lower cylinder, or the like, preferably in the lower section of the downcomer.

Abstract: A triple effect, pressurized deaeration system for boiler feedwater the system including a component deaerator unit and a feedwater receiver, the deaerator unit being mounted external to and above the feedwater receiver, the deaerator unit including a makeup and return water spray nozzle and a pair of screen trays with steam circulated from the receiver through the screen trays and water spray for two stages of deaeration with spray water collected below the screens and delivered through a spray water return conduit to a water collection and mixing column in the receiver, wherein steam from a steam supply is delivered to the water collection column and mixed with collected spray water for a third stage deaeration before the deaerated water commingles with reservoir water contained in the receiver.

Abstract: A feedwater control system for a pressurized water steam generating system, and a method for using such, includes a steam generator, at least one feedwater pump which receives an output signal from the feedwater control system, an economizer feedwater control valve which receives the output signal and automatically controls flow of feedwater to the steam generator when a power level of the feedwater control system is at a first predetermined range, preferably between about 10 and 100%, and a downcomer feedwater control valve which receives the output signal and automatically controls the flow of feedwater to the steam generator when the power level is at a second predetermined range, preferably between 0 and about 10%. A first input signal is provided, determined by the feedwater flow of the steam generator, along with a second input signal, determined by the steam flow of the steam generator, and a third input signal, determined by the level of the steam generator.

Abstract: A fluid heating and pumping apparatus for use with hot fluid space heating systems includes a fluid tank containing heated fluid and a collapsible bladder contained within the fluid tank for absorbing expansion of the fluid within the fluid tank as it is heated. An air venting device is mounted at a high point in the fluid tank to discharge any air as the heating system is filled with fluid and operated. A fluid circulating impeller, volute, and pressure bypass valve apparatus are also contained within the fluid tank and are connected to an outlet in the fluid tank through which heated fluid is pumped to heat transfer components of a space heating system. A fluid mixing apparatus is attached to the fluid circulating impeller to mix heated fluid from the fluid tank with cooled fluid returned from the heat transfer components to thereby provide fluid having a desired temperature.

Abstract: A deaerated feedwater supply system for a boiler system includes a water supply conduit configured to provide a supply of water to a deaerator tank and a deaerated makeup water conduit configured to convey deaerated makeup water from the deaerator tank to a surge tank at an elevation in the surge tank below the surface of deaerated feedwater contained therein. A heat exchanger is provided for exchanging heat from deaerated makeup water in the deaerated makeup water conduit to the water in the water supply conduit so that the water is heated prior to entering the deaerator tank and the deaerated makeup water is cooled upon entry into the surge tank. Polypropylene spheres are provided within the surge tank for reducing oxygen absorption into deaerated feedwater. A deaerated feedwater conduit is configured to convey deaerated feedwater from the surge tank to the boiler.

Abstract: In a method for feed water control in waste heat steam generators, in particular drum boilers with a circulating pump (9) and drum boilers with natural circulation employed in combination power plants, wherein, by a three-component control by means of a superordinated level regulator (13) and a flow-through regulator (14) subordinated to the level regulator (13), the set value (S.sub.in) of the flow-through regulator (14) is displaced by the level regulator (13) in such a way that the level in the drum (6) is always regulated to the set value (S), regardless of interfering effects, the flow-through regulator (14) for the feed water flow (m.sub.s) is guided by the heat amount (Q.sub.AG) in the exhaust gas flow. The output signal of the flow-through regulator (14) for the feed water flow (m.sub.s) is limited, wherein as the function of the heat amount (Q.sub.AG) in the exhaust gas flow a selection is made between a limit value (m.sub.1) for the start-up operation and a limit value (m.sub.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating steam in a forced-through-flow boiler. During operation, water is conveyed through a preheater, an evaporator and, if needed, a superheater. For such a boiler operated with waste heat, the evaporator is divided into at least two sections, a first one of which is supplied with water at the beginning of a start-up phase and is included in a water circulation, while a second one of the evaporator sections, starting from a dry state, is gradually supplied with water in a controlled manner until, in an operating state, water successively flows through both of the evaporator sections. During the start-up phase, and if desired in low load states, a water-steam mixture is conveyed to a separation tank, from which steam is withdrawn and separated feed water is supplied to the preheater.

Abstract: An apparatus for introducing feed water into a steam generator, preferably into a waste-heat boiler of a combined-cycle power station having at least one waste-heat boiler, includes at least one feed-water container and a high-pressure system and a low-pressure system to be fed from the at least one feed-water container. The high-pressure and low-pressure systems each have respective feed-water pump lines, pumps connected in the feed-water pump lines, and an electrical drive motor. Each of the drive motors drive one of the pumps for the low-pressure system and one of the pumps for the high-pressure system in common.

Abstract: A steam-raising system comprising a boiler, a pump connected by a flow passageway to the boiler to pump water thereto, and flow-control means connected to the flow passageway between the pump and the boiler to control the flow of water from the pump to the boiler. The flow-control means comprise at least two relief means in parallel with one another, but with their points of connection to the flow passageway between the pump and the boiler spaced apart in series with one another. The invention extends to method of operating a steam-raising system such that the system is controlled to keep its condition close to a minimum of the temperature and/or pressure of output from a boiler of the system expressed as a function of the flowrate of water supplied to the boiler.

Abstract: This patent discloses a secondary fluid supply system for a steam generator used in nuclear reactor power plants. The secondary fluid supply system comprises a secondary fluid (feedwater) inlet nozzle near the base of the steam generator shell, a feedwater riser pipe spaced between the shell of the steam generator and the tube bundle wrapper, the upper end of the feedwater riser pipe being connected to a distribution ring having a plurality of spray nozzles positioned in the recirculating pool above the top of the U-shaped heat exchanger tubes.

Abstract: An apparatus controls treatment of water flowing through a boiler and includes a device that monitors the conductivity of the water. A controller opens a drain valve at periodic intervals, and closes the drain valve when the conductivity drops below a defined threshold. A mechanism measures the volume of water that flows into the boiler and a chemical is added to the water when a specified amount of water has flowed into the boiler. Alternatively the application of the chemical can occur at regular intervals of time. The chemical is applied for a user definable period of time. The application of the chemical is suspended when the cessation of water flow into the boiler is detected.

Abstract: An improved feedwater control for drum type steam generators is provided in order to gain improved drum level control for drum type steam generators which are subjected to great load changes at high rates of change. The control system accounts for changes in the mass inventory within the circulation lop by monitoring and adjusting to changes in steam flow and drum pressure. Thus, during load changes, the drum level will remain constant.

Abstract: A boiler system having a condensate line and a deaeration or and a condensate tank characterized by the fact that the deaerator is placed between the condensation tank and the boiler.

Abstract: The boiler includes a tight receptacle having a replenishment manifold which opens into the receptacle at an intermediate level thereof so as to define a first replenishment level. The boiler also includes a normally closed valve controllable to open for venting off the receptacle and thereby defining a second replenishment level thereof which is higher than the first level.

Abstract: A condensate return tank for storing and condensing water in a closed loop steam system is provided having a generally cylindrical body closed at each end and a float valve comprising a ball attached at one end to a lever arm which is itself attached at its other end to a pivotal fitting secured to the inner surface of the tank. The tank is arranged, and an opening is provided on the surface of the horizontally disposed tank, adjacent one end and spaced therefrom by a distance permitting manual entry into the tank. The float valve is mounted on the inner surface of the end so as to be accessible from the opening. A cap rests on and closes the opening.

Abstract: An improved gas-jet hot water heater system for the generation of high-temperature water at atmospheric pressure simultaneously with superheated water and/or steam. The heater system comprises a primary tank for the generation and storage of high-temperature water. The primary tank includes a combustion zone whereat the products of combustion of a gas-jet burner may heat the water passing therethrough and a storage zone located beneath the combustion zone for receipt and storage of the heated water. A supplemental sub-assembly includes a pressurized remote storage tank, a heat exchanger in the combustion zone for water to being superheated by the products of combustion of the gas-jet burner and conduit means coupling the heat exchanger with the storage tank. The heat exchanger will create and store superheated water in the lower extent of the storage tank and steam in its upper extent. In an alternate embodiment, the output of the heat exchanger may be fed remotely for direct use.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the drum water level of a drum boiler prevents the boiler system from being tripped off which would otherwise be caused by an excessive fall in the drum water level immediately after the start of load runback, by increasing the real feed water flow rate in such a manner that a feed water flow rate demand signal obtained from the drum water level deviation is corrected by a feed water flow rate increment signal obtained from the amount of load reduction (load demand--load reference after load runback) at the time of load runback. In addition, the fact that the drum water level stops falling and starts to rise is detected, and the feed water flow rate demand signal is adjusted so as to take a medium value between the real feed water flow rate and the real main steam flow rate, thereby preventing the boiler system from being tripped off which would otherwise be caused by an excessive rise in the drum water level.

Abstract: Magnetic separator for the purification of liquids with a tube which conducts the latter, contains balls or wire screens as magnetizable bodies and is surrounded by a coil for magnetizing the bodies. The tube contains, in the flow direction of the liquids over the major part of its length, balls and subsequently wire screens. A common coil is associated with the balls and the wire screens for magnetizing. The balls and the wire screens are connected to a common flushing line.

Abstract: Distributor for two-phase mixtures, including a distributor drum, a feed tube leading into the distributor drum in a given direction, a plurality of outlet tubes leading from the distributor drum at an angle to the given direction, and a flat baffle plate being disposed in the distributor drum at a right angle to the given direction, the baffle plate having an edge leading symmetrically and smoothly to the outlet tubes.

Abstract: A fluid feeding apparatus can gradually elevate the head of a fluid of steam/liquid mixture by recirculating the fluid through a centrifugal pump of moderate output and an injector. The fluid ejecting out of the nozzle of the injector will entrain a steam/liquid mixture of high latent heat from a fluid intake port so that the heat energy of the condensate from the other sources can be recovered and reused. By virtue of providing a gas intake port for the injector, the fluid can be supplemented with gas wherever needed. Due to the substantial volume of the gas phase in the reservoir, the internal pressure of the reservoir will not increase drastically because of the dampering effect of the gas phase. Thus only a centrifugal pump of moderate output is needed for implementing the recirculation of the elevation of the pressure in the reservoir.

Abstract: A method of utilizing the energy of a high pressure condensate stream including passing steam at an elevated pressure in indirect heat exchange with a material to be heated, collecting a condensate product condensed from the steam of the heat exchange step at an elevated pressure, passing the condensate directly to a steam stripping step at essentially the same pressure at which the condensate was collected and reducing the pressure of the condensate while simultaneously contacting the condensate with a material to be stripped in the stripping step.

Abstract: Boiler feedpump net positive suction head (NPSH) control is performed in a heat recovery steam generator including a deaerator inserted between steam turbine condensate and steam boiler. To this effect apparatus is provided responsive to temperature at the output of the deaerator, to fluid flow therefrom, and to temperature at the input of the boiler feedpump for providing a signal representative of the anticipated suction head pressure, and the NPSH margin is derived by comparison with actual pressure to control the pegging valve, or other heat source control to the deaerator.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of supplying feedwater to a forced flow boiler or the like as described. A positive displacement pump having a plurality of discrete pumping elements is arranged to pump feedwater from an inlet to the boiler. The pump includes bypass valves which, when open, disable the pumping action of an associated pumping element. Control means responsive to the demand for water in the boiler are arranged to disable a selected number of the pumping elements so that the rate of water supplied by the remaining elements, if operated continuously, would just exceed that required. The control means is further arranged to disable at least one of the remaining pumping elements on a periodic basis so that the ratio of time that the element is enabled to the time for one period multiplied by the water flow rate supplied by said element, if operated continuously, equals the difference between the total demand for water and the rate supplied by the pumping elements enabled on a full-time basis.

Abstract: Large power transformers such as used at electrical generating plants utilize oil for cooling with the heat removed by air cooled radiators. Several air cooled radiators are removed from the transformers and the oil circulated through plate heat exchangers which provide a heat transfer path to a fluid cooling medium such as water. Flow transducers and electrical temperature sensors may be used to monitor the flow rates of the oil and water, and the temperature of the oil and water in various parts of the system. These parameters are controlled to maximize the transfer of waste heat from the transformer to the water. The heated water is then utilized to perform useful work. For example, in a power plant having package boilers, the boiler makeup water is preheated with the transformer waste heat thereby reducing the energy requirements of the system.

Abstract: A blowdown system for controlling blowdown of a boiler such that the level of dissolved solids in the boiler is carefully controlled. The system includes a blowdown tank connected to the bottom of a boiler. Controls are provided for causing blowdown when the content of dissolved solids in the boiler water reaches a first level. Surface blowdown is caused when the dissolved solids reach a second level and a controlled or modulated increase in surface blowdown can then be provided so as to cause surface blowdown proportional to the level of dissolved solids in the boiler water. Blowdown can also be provided through alternate water columns.

Abstract: The exhaust gas vapor generator has a main working medium flow which passes via a feed pump and economizer into an evaporator. Working medium is bled off as a component flow between the economizer and evaporator in order to heat the degasser. The heat of the component flow may be supplied via a heat exchanger disposed within the degasser or by a heat exchange with the condensate line within a heat exchanger separate from the degasser.The part-flow is returned to the main flow between the feed pump and the economizer.

Abstract: Mechanical methods for reducing drastically the energy consumption of high pressure liquid pumping.The basic method is to utilize high pressure vapor at the suction side of the pump to reduce the required pumping pressure head. The energy content of the high pressure vapor is returned or utilized. Disclosed high efficiency heat exchangers and expansion absorbing vessels are provided to reduce energy requirement for transferring liquid to a vapor generator, a high pressure apparatus and a extended pipe line.

Abstract: A condensate recovery system wherein a condensate receiver is provided between a boiler and a feed water tank with condensate being introduced into the condensate receiver during a period when water is not being fed to the boiler and with water being fed into the boiler during a subsequent feeding period by pumping make-up water into the condensate receiver. The system is arranged so that equalizing the pressure of the condensate inlet port of the condensate receiver with that at the low temperature water outlet port of the condensate receiver allows condensate to flow by gravity and replace low temperature water therein, leaving the condensate receiver filled with water.

Abstract: A closed pressurized feed water system supplying flash steam to a lower pressure process and with no steam loss in the closed system. The flash steam delivered to the lower pressure process is sufficient to reduce the pressure in the feed water system so that a steam trap in the closed system will operate and permit the hot condensate to be returned to the boiler. Also, new make up water may be added to the system to compensate for any steam loss. In the high pressure closed system about 96.68% of the condensate is returned to the boiler and only about 3.32% is needed for new make up water.

Abstract: Condensate released from traps on a chemical distillation reboiler is piped to a flash tank where steam is flashed off as condensate pressure is reduced. The steam is recondensed by contact with water obtained from heat exchangers and the condensate-water mixture collects in the flash tank where it may be pumped to a mixing tank remotely located at a steam boiler water purification plant. At the mix tank, excess condensate water mixture is released into a sewer or fresh make-up river water is added as required to satisfy boiler water needs. Mix ratio is controlled by mix tank pressure and in normal operation this stream provides 100% of the boiler feed water requirements.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to apparatus for steam generation or boilers and more specifically, discloses a system for controlling the fluid level in a boiler drum. Drum level control requires an observation of the fluid level in the drum and also takes into account steam flow out of the drum and feedwater flow into the drum. The present invention improves upon the prior art by providing an unusually responsive drum level controller in combination with inputs relating to steam flow and water flow. This is accomplished by considering the derivative of steam flow minus water flow in combination with a fast drum level controller.

Abstract: In a system of production, distribution and utilization of condensable vapor with recovery of the condensates in a closed container, a method for forced delivery of condensates consisting in awaiting the obtention of a predetermined level of filling of the container, in isolating from the outside the upper space of the container and in applying at the free surface of the contained liquid a sufficient additional vapor pressure to allow the total available gas pressure to be substantially equivalent to the sum of the necessary net geometrical height of delivery and the down-stream flow pressure losses to be overcome.

Abstract: Mechanical methods for reducing drastically the energy consumption of high pressure liquid pumping and for eliminating the use of expensive multi-tube heat exchangers.The basic method is to utilize high pressure vapor at the suction side of the pump to reduce the required pumping pressure head. The energy content of the high pressure vapor is returned or utilized. Additional methods are provided to reduce energy requirement for transferring liquid to vapor generator, apparatus located at high elevation and apparatus having high pressure resistance.

Abstract: A mixed-flow feedwater heater having a regulating device is disclosed including a feedwater tank having a deaerating dome. Steam is conveyed from a low pressure steam drum to a feedwater tank to heat and deaerate the feedwater. Feedwater is supplied from the feedwater tank either to the low pressure steam drum or to an evaporator. The water level in the low pressure steam drum is regulated to a desired level. The feedwater tank is connected to the steam drum by a steam pipe having a pressure-regulating valve which is subjected to the pressure in the mixed flow feedwater tank. The valve controls the pressure in the feedwater tank so that the pressure does not exceed a pre-determined value.

Abstract: A forced-flow boiler installation and method of operating the same comprising a series circuit of a feed pump, an economizer, an evaporator and a water separator as well as a recirculation line or system containing therein a circulating pump and leading from the water outlet of the separator to the evaporator inlet. Between the feed pump and a subsequently connected closure valve there branches-off a filling line or conduit having a valve and bypassing the economizer and leading to the evaporator inlet. The economizer, at the region of its maximum geodetic height, contains venting means.

Abstract: The boiler feed water system is provided with a motor driven feed water pump and a steam turbine driven feed water pump. The control system comprises a digital computer including a flow quantity control system responsive to the degree of opening of a flow control valve and the discharge quantity of the motor driven feed water pump for controlling the flow quantity thereof, and a speed control system responsive to the speed and discharge flow quantity of the steam turbine driven feed water pump, head pressure of the feed water system and the operation of a control motor for a steam control valve of a pump driving turbine. The control is switched between the flow quantity control system and the speed control system in accordance the load of the plant.

Abstract: A mechanical arrangement to reduce drastically the energy consumption for pumping condensate to feed high pressure vapor generators for power generation, industrial processing, and heating systems. Involved is a method to pump the condensate into one condensate receiver located at the sucton side of the condensate feed pump, and to bleed high pressure vapor from the vapor generator into the condensate receiver for imposing a pressure head upon the condensate therein to be approximately the same as that in the generator, and thus the pressure difference between the suction side and the discharge side of the pump is also drastically reduced while pumping the condensate into the generator, with the result that the energy consumption of the pump is also drastically reduced. The receiver is full of high pressure vapor while the condensate therein is drained by the pump, and the high pressure vapor means energy.

Abstract: A water bath vaporizer for converting liquid propane into gaseous propane includes a propane-carrying heat transfer pipe in the form of a helix immersed in a water bath in an insulated upright cylindrical water chamber. Multiple straight vertical flues are integral with a bottom plate and a top plate of the water chamber and are open through the water bath and the center of the helix to carry combustion products and heated air from a combustion chamber to a stack above. Liquid propane is introduced at the top of the helix and gaseous propane is removed from the bottom and is discharged vertically upwardly through a liquid cut-off float valve which prevents flow of liquid propane out of the vaporizer. A breather attachment includes a breather pipe having a first section extending outwardly from a top portion of the water chamber at a slight upward angle and having a vertical second section terminating in an upwardly opening outer end.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water supply pipe for a steam generator.The supply pipe comprises the following elements in a substantially horizontal portion (3) thereof:A lower baffle plate (4) defining or limiting an upper opening (7),And an upper baffle plate (5) defining or limiting a lower opening (9) and being disposed upstream of the lower baffle plate with respect to the normal flow direction of the water.The horizontal edge (8) defining the upper opening is disposed higher than the horizontal edge (10) defining the lower opening.As a result, the two baffle plates form between them a hydraulic barrier, which, when the water supply is cut off or reduced, prevents or substantially limits the passage of steam coming from the generator.

Abstract: A pressurized hot fluid washer includes a combination pumping unit driven by a closed hydraulic system which applies driving impulse forces to an interlocked liquid pump member and a fuel pump member. The liquid pump and fuel pump are hydraulically interlocked so that when liquid is not being discharged through the cleaning gun, the fuel will definitely be stopped. A static pressure line senses the pressure downstream of the liquid pump and transmits the pressure to one end of a spring biased by-pass spool valve. At a predetermined liquid pressure, the spool valve will sequentially close a hydraulic conduit first to deactivate the fuel pump and then open a by-pass conduit to deactivate the liquid pump member. Thus, both the fuel pump and the liquid pump will be automatically stopped, for example, when the cleaning gun is not being used. In addition, a differential area piston is provided in the hydraulic system between the by-pass spool valve and the fuel pump.

Abstract: Heat produced in a fast breeder reactor is introduced out of the reactor by liquid sodium into an intermediate heat-exchanger where the heat is transferred to the secondary coolant sodium. In an evaporator, vapor is generated by heat-exchange between the secondary coolant sodium and feed-water supplied thereto through a feed-water valve. In a superheater, superheated vapor is obtained through heat-exchange between the secondary coolant sodium and the vapor supplied from the evaporator. The superheated vapor is introduced into a turbine to drive the same. A permissible vapor temperature which is higher than a saturated temperature is established in dependence on the vapor pressure at the outlet of the evaporator. The flow rate of the feed-water is reduced by closing the feed-water valve when the vapor temperature at the outlet of the evaporator is close to the saturated temperature.

Abstract: Blocks are disposed in notches in a wrapper encircling a tube bundle of a steam generator, covers are disposed over a plurality of holes in blowdown pipes; the ports in the feedwater header are arranged to improve the flow of feedwater and recirculation water over the tube sheet of the steam generator.

Abstract: A hydraulic fluid control system regulates the delivery rate of feed water to a boiler. A hydraulic actuated diaphragm pump having a plurality of diaphragm working chambers which are interconnected with check valve controlled inlets and outlets pumps the feed water to the boiler. Fluid surges or pulsations are prevented by the use of projection members on the face of the diaphragms and by a variably controlled pressure regulator responsive to the feed water pressure. The delivery rate of hydraulic fluid to the diaphragms controls the actual pumping output. A bypass line including a pressure regulating valve with pilot control and a modulating control valve controls a bypass hydraulic fluid rate which directly corresponds to the pumping output rate.

Abstract: A low pressure steam generator including a water tube structure of plural, substantially annular coaxial portions each connected individually by separate conduits to a steam header above and a water header below. The portions coact with suitable baffle means to comprise a combustion chamber, but are significantly spaced to allow combustion products to pass between them from a burner directing a flame axially within the chamber, and the greater part of the combustion products are directed upward by the baffle means to bathe the steam header outside the combustion chamber as well. Means are provided for maintaining the water to be vaporized at a suitable level, and the whole is enclosed in a suitable housing to the top and bottom of which the headers are secured. The tube structure may be a continuous helix or an array of discrete annuli.

Abstract: A coordinated control system for a power producing unit consisting of two, single reheat steam generators supplying steam to a single turbine-generator.