Abstract: An internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle includes a combustion chamber in which a first tumble-shaped current of a fuel-air mixture is settable. A pre-chamber spark plug is allocated to the combustion chamber which has a pre-chamber which is fluidically connected to the combustion chamber via a plurality of openings where via the plurality of openings a part of the fuel-air mixture flows out of the combustion chamber and into the pre-chamber. The plurality of openings are formed such that the part of the fuel-air mixture that flows into the pre-chamber via the plurality of openings has a second tumble-shaped current where the second tumble-shaped current is opposite to the first tumble-shaped current.

Abstract: A Schnuerle scavenging two-stroke engine is provided that can keep combustion stability in a wide rotation speed range while suppressing blow-by. The engine of the present invention is a Schnuerle scavenging two-stroke engine (2). A scavenging passage (14(in1)) related to at least one scavenging port (16(in1)) has, at its upper end portion (14a(in1)), an intake-side wall surface (204). The intake-side wall surface (204) defines a first flow direction (42) of scavenging gas discharged from the scavenging port (16(in1)) at a height level of the scavenging port (16(in1)). The upper end portion (14a(in1)) of the scavenging passage (14(in1)) related to the scavenging port (16(in1)) has a guide portion (50) defining a second flow direction (44) of scavenging gas discharged from the scavenging port (16(in1)). The second flow direction (44) is deflected to the intake side from the first flow direction (42) at the height level of the scavenging port (16(in1)).

Abstract: In a combustion cycle in which fuel for forming a homogenized air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber is injected from the first fuel injector, ignition-use fuel for forming an ignition-use air-fuel mixture in the vicinity of the electrode part is injected from the second fuel injector, and lean combustion is performed by an excess air rate of 2.0 or more, the ignition-use fuel is injected by at least an injection rate of 1.0 mm3/ms or more for a duration of 250 ?s or more in an interval from a crank angle advanced by exactly 20 degrees from an ignition timing of the spark plug to the ignition timing, and the quantity of the ignition-use fuel is 2.0 mm3/st or less.

Abstract: An optical measurement device is disclosed and includes a body configured to be mounted to at least one piston cylinder, and a compression ratio determination unit operatively connected to the body to receive optical measurement data and compute a clearance between at least two opposed pistons disposed within the at least one piston cylinder.

Abstract: A control system for a compression-ignition engine is provided, which includes the engine, a spark plug, a fuel injection valve, an air-fuel ratio control valve, and a control unit. A geometric compression ratio of the engine is 14:1 or above. The control unit includes a processor configured to execute an air-fuel ratio controlling module for, when the engine being in a given operating state is detected, controlling the air-fuel ratio control valve to bring the air-fuel ratio of the entire mixture gas to a given lean air-fuel ratio that is larger than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, and an spark plug controlling module for, after this control, outputting the control signal to the spark plug to perform the ignition at a given ignition timing so that the mixture gas starts combustion by flame propagation and then unburned mixture gas self-ignites. The given ignition timing is stored in a memory.

Abstract: An air intake apparatus of a multi-cylinder engine includes an intake air inlet passage, an intake air distribution portion, a plurality of independent intake air passages, and a secondary gas inlet passage. The intake air inlet passage has one end portion attached to a throttle valve, and the other end connected to an intake air distribution portion. The intake air distribution portion has a space therein. The secondary gas inlet passage is connected at a part spaced apart, in the intake air inlet passage, from the throttle valve. The intake air distribution portion has a reflux passage which is a passage that connects the space and a part between the one end portion and the other end in the intake air inlet passage. The reflux passage is a passage which refluxes fresh air and secondary gas introduced from the intake air inlet passage to the intake air inlet passage.

Abstract: A voltage detector assembly employed in hydraulic systems, comprising a hydraulic power unit having a hydraulic cylinder with a piston, a hydraulic fluid reservoir connected with the hydraulic cylinder, a pump operated by a motor connected with the hydraulic fluid reservoir and a wireless module. A battery is connected to the hydraulic power unit by means of a start solenoid that transfers power from the battery to the motor of the hydraulic power unit. A digital remote is connected to the hydraulic power unit and the battery through the start solenoid. The digital display registers available battery power in volts during upstroke and down stroke of the hydraulic system. The wireless module includes a radio frequency (RF) wireless unit and a Bluetooth transmitter/receiver that allows a user to measure the battery voltage level through wireless communication.

Abstract: Valve assembly and method in which a valve member is connected to an elongated lever arm for controlling communication between two chambers in an engine. The valve assembly is disposed at least partially within one of the chambers, and the valve member is moved between open and closed by an actuator connected to the lever arm. In some disclosed embodiments, a pilot valve is opened to equalize pressure on both sides of the valve member prior to moving the valve member toward the open position. In others, where a piston in an expansion cylinder is driven by hot, expanding gases from a separate combustion chamber or heat exchanger, the exhaust valve is closed before the piston has completed its exhaust stroke, and pressure is allowed to build up in the expansion cylinder to a level corresponding to the pressure in the combustion chamber before the valve member is moved toward the open position.

Abstract: A system comprising an air actuator configured to control air delivered to an engine; a fuel actuator configured to control fuel delivered to an engine; and a controller configured to: actuate the air actuator in response to a first torque signal; and actuate the fuel actuator in response to a second torque signal.

Abstract: A system comprising an air actuator configured to control air delivered to an engine; a fuel actuator configured to control fuel delivered to an engine; and a controller configured to: actuate the air actuator in response to a first torque signal; and actuate the fuel actuator in response to a second torque signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an intake pipe for a combustion engine, comprising a housing (1) with a supply duct (2) for especially compressed air, a heat exchanger (8) which is disposed within a main duct (4) in the housing (1) and through which the air can flow in order to exchange heat with a fluid, and a bypass duct (5) that is separated from the main duct (4) in at least some sections and is fitted with at least one positioning element (7) to allow the fed air to adjustably bypass the heat exchanger (8). An end of the bypass duct (5) on the engine side is placed at a still flow-relevant short distance from an opening (11) of an intake valve (10) of the combustion engine.

Abstract: An air/fuel mixer system of a combustion chamber of a gas turbine includes at least one compressed air intake swirler, the swirler having a central axis of symmetry, and a fuel injector including an injection head having an axis of symmetry. Each injector is mounted in the corresponding swirler with aid of a guide mechanism, so that the axis of symmetry of the injection head is off-center with respect to the central axis of symmetry of the swirler. The system can reduce, or even eliminate, combustion instabilities, by injecting the fuel along a particular axis which is off-center relative to the axis of the air/fuel mixer system, inducing a flow of fuel which is no longer perfectly axially symmetrical.

Abstract: Ethanol emissions from a direct ignition spark ignition are measured using mass spectrometry. The method exploits specific fragment ions from ethanol. Ethanol contributes ions of mass number 31, and no other gas species produces ions at this mass number. The method and a device for implementing the method can be used for online detection of ethanol in emissions from engines burning E85 or other ethanol/gasoline mixtures.

Abstract: An automated start/stop system for a vehicle comprises an auto-stop module, a diagnostic module, and an auto-start module. The auto-stop module selectively initiates an auto-stop event and shuts down an engine while the vehicle is running. The diagnostic module selectively diagnoses a fault in a clutch pedal position sensor of the vehicle. The auto-start module, while the vehicle is running and the engine is shut down, selectively initiates an auto-start event after the fault has been diagnosed when current drawn by a starter motor is less than a predetermined maximum starting current.

Abstract: In a control unit, a method, a computer program and a computer program product for operating an internal combustion engine in the context of a combined direct and manifold injection, fuel is injected by at least one first injection valve into an induction manifold and/or by at least one second injection valve directly into a combustion chamber for combustion. In at least one predefined operating state of the internal combustion engine, fuel is only injected by the at least one first injection valve into the induction manifold for a predetermined number of successive combustion cycles. In a subsequent combustion cycle, fuel is injected by the at least one first injection valve into the induction manifold and by the at least one second injection valve directly into the combustion chamber or only by the at least one second injection valve directly into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is operated with direct fuel injection into the combustion chambers. Furthermore, the internal combustion engine is operated with sub-optimum ignition angle efficiency and an apportionment of a fuel quantity, which is to be injected before the start of a combustion, into at least two partial injections. A torque loss which results from the sub-optimum ignition angle efficiency and/or from the apportionment of the fuel to be injected is compensated by means of an increased charge of the combustion chambers. The fuel quantity and the charge are coordinated with one another in such a way that the air ratio lambda of the combustion chamber charges is greater than 1.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine can form, in a combustion chamber, a fuel-air mixture region located on the first intake port side and containing mainly a fuel-air mixture, and a burned gas region located on the second intake port side and containing burned gas. When the region and a burned gas region are formed, the internal combustion engine determined injection rates of a first fuel injection valve and a second fuel injection valve so that fuel is injected from the first fuel injection valve and second fuel injection valve respectively, depending on an EGR rate. The injection rates are determined such that the injection rate of the first fuel injection valve is increased in accordance with the rise of the EGR rate.

Abstract: A fuel injection control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a fuel injection portion that performs each of first fuel injection for performing stratified-charge combustion, and second fuel injection for performing homogeneous-charge combustion; and an injection distribution ratio control portion that controls an injection distribution ratio. The injection distribution ratio control portion controls the injection distribution ratio to a target injection distribution ratio set based on a predetermined engine condition after start of the engine. An initial injection distribution ratio is set based on an engine condition at a time of start of the engine, and a change in the injection distribution ratio is controlled by referring to the engine condition after the start of the engine, when the injection distribution ratio is changed from the initial injection distribution ratio to the target injection distribution ratio.

Abstract: An HCCI engine provides a negative overlap period in an operation during HCCI combustion. During the negative overlap period, an intake valve and an exhaust valve are both closed when a piston is in the vicinity of the top dead center in an exhaust stroke, so that burned gas remains inside a combustion chamber. The engine is provided with a throttle, a fuel valve and an ECU. The ECU controls the throttle during a switching period in which SI combustion is switched to the HCCI combustion so that the opening degree of the throttle increases to the opening degree at the time of steady HCCI operation from the opening degree at the time of steady SI operation, and at the same time, controls the fuel valve such that the amount of fuel supplied to the intake passage becomes greater than the amount at the time of the steady SI operation.

Abstract: A method of switching a combustion mode of a diesel engine may include determining a carbon dioxide concentration in an intake manifold of a diesel engine, operating the diesel engine in a first combustion mode, and operating the diesel engine in a second combustion mode when the determined carbon dioxide concentration is greater than a predetermined carbon dioxide concentration value.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for controlling the operation of a cylinder assembly according to which the following phases are carried out during the same operating cycle: an exhaust opening phase (L1); a first inlet opening phase (L2) during a compression phase of the piston, and; a second inlet opening phase (L3) subsequent to the first. The second inlet opening phase (L3) begins once the piston reaches a position located in the second third of the travel thereof, in an expansion phase, and the first phase (L1) is carried out entirely during the exhaust opening phase (L1). The invention also concerns an internal combustion engine that operates according to the aforementioned method, and to a motor vehicle equipped with this engine.

Abstract: A fuel injection control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a fuel injection portion that performs each of first fuel injection for performing stratified-charge combustion, and second fuel injection for performing homogeneous-charge combustion; and an injection distribution ratio control portion that controls an injection distribution ratio. The injection distribution ratio control portion controls the injection distribution ratio to a target injection distribution ratio set based on a predetermined engine condition after start of the engine. An initial injection distribution ratio is set based on an engine condition at a time of start of the engine, and a change in the injection distribution ratio is controlled by referring to the engine condition after the start of the engine, when the injection distribution ratio is changed from the initial injection distribution ratio to the target injection distribution ratio.

Abstract: A method of operating a diesel engine in a mechanical apparatus is disclosed, wherein the diesel engine includes a combustion chamber, and wherein the mechanical apparatus also including a catalyst configured to treat NOx emissions from the diesel engine. The method includes performing at least one early homogenization combustion in the combustion chamber, determining a temperature of the catalyst, and if the temperature of the catalyst is equal to or below a preselected temperature threshold, then performing at least one late homogenization combustion or diffusion combustion in the combustion chamber to raise a temperature of exhaust provided to the catalyst.

Abstract: In a method of operating an internal combustion engine with a switch-over capability between a compression ignition mode of operation and a spark ignition mode of operation in higher load ranges which includes a cam-operated valve drive with a valve control providing, in the compression ignition mode of operation, for an increased valve overlap of the valve opening times, smooth engine operation and optimal exhaust gas emissions are obtained also during rapid load changes upon changing the engine operating mode as the change-over is accompanied by changes of the injection parameters, the throttling parameter and the valve control, which are coordinated with respect to one another as the valve control is switched over by changing the amplitude and phase position of the valve stroke of at least one of the inlet and outlet valves.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided that basically comprises a combustion chamber, an electric discharge unit and a controller. The combustion chamber receives a mixture of fuel and air that is caused to undergo compression self ignition. The electric discharge unit is provided inside the combustion chamber to generate an electric discharge for conducting combustion inside the combustion chamber. The controller is configured to control a voltage applied to the electric discharge unit. The controller is configured to control the electric discharge unit such that a non-thermal plasma can be formed without incurring a transition to arc discharging, and to control the quantity and distribution of an activated air-fuel mixture inside the combustion chamber in accordance with an operating condition of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: In a fuel supply apparatus for an internal combustion engine including a first fuel injection valve for directly injecting a fuel into a cylinder and a second fuel injection valve for injecting the fuel into an intake manifold, production of deposits in the first fuel injection valve is prevented and a satisfactory homogenous air-fuel mixture can be formed during homogenous combustion while an engine is at idle. In order to achieve this effect, during homogenous combustion while the engine is idle, a second fuel injection valve injects the fuel and a first fuel injection valve injects the fuel to which pressure has been applied by a low-pressure pump, without a high-pressure pump applying further pressure to the fuel.

Abstract: An engine control device is configured to perform optimum combustion control according to environmental conditions when warming up of a catalyst for emission purification is required. The engine control device performs stratified combustion by the compression stroke injection at the time of startup, when warming up of the catalyst is required. However, under conditions of low air density, stratified combustion by compression stroke injection is prevented, and either homogenous combustion by intake stroke injection is performed, or double injection combustion by intake stroke injection and compression stroke injection is performed. Thus, the engine control device maintains starting properties and prevents adverse effects on engine operability.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine is provided. The method comprises the steps of introducing a primary fuel into a main combustion chamber of the engine, introducing a pilot fuel into the main combustion chamber of the engine, determining an operating load of the engine, determining a desired spark plug ignition timing based on the engine operating load, and igniting the primary fuel and pilot fuel with a spark plug at the desired spark plug ignition timing. The method is characterized in that the octane number of the pilot fuel is lower than the octane number of the primary fuel.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (10) is provided with a port injector (28) and an in-cylinder injector (22). Before a port injection is started, the total amount of fuel to be injected is calculated (at an injection amount calculation timing). The port injection fuel amount and the in-cylinder injection fuel amount are calculated by appropriately dividing the total amount between them. If a change of the operating load on the internal combustion engine (10) is detected after the injection amount calculation timing, the load change is reflected in the amount of fuel to be injected in the current engine cycle by increasing or decreasing the in-cylinder injection fuel amount.

Abstract: A fuel injection device for an engine includes a direct injector and an intake passage injector. When the engine load is relatively low, a fuel pressure lowering procedure is executed for lowering the pressure of fuel supplied to the direct injector. An ECU sets a fuel injection ratio, which is the ratio between the fuel injection amount of the direct injector and that of the intake passage injector, based on the engine operation state. The ECU changes the fuel injection ratio such that the ratio of the fuel injection amount of the direct injector to the total amount of the fuel fed to a combustion chamber is decreased, until the pressure of the fuel supplied to the direct injector is raised from the value lowered through the fuel pressure lowering procedure to a predetermined permissible value. This effectively suppresses hampering of the engine combustion, caused by the lowered fuel pressure.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine equipped with an injector for cylinder-inside injection to inject fuel into a cylinder and an injector for intake port injection to inject fuel into an intake port, both the injectors being switched for use depending upon operating conditions, wherein when an operating condition range using either one of the first or the second injector is switched to an operating condition range using the other one thereof, the amount of fuel to be injected by the either one of the first or the second injector is gradually decreased and the amount of fuel to be injected by the other one is gradually increased over a predetermined period during the switching. Further, at the time of the switching, at least one of ignition timing and throttle opening angle is gradually varied.

Abstract: A crankcase scavenged internal combustion engine includes a cylinder and a piston reciprocating along the cylinder wall. At least one auxiliary duct is arranged with an auxiliary port in the cylinder wall. An inlet is divided into: a fuel inlet leading to a fuel port and an air inlet leading to an air port. The auxiliary port, fuel port and air port can be opened and closed by the piston. The piston also comprises a transfer space, which mouth edges are limited by the piston periphery, and which, in at least one piston position, creates a connection between the fuel port and the auxiliary duct's port, so that fuel can be supplied to the auxiliary duct via the auxiliary port, and then, after the port later on has been opened by the piston, can flow into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Torque estimation techniques in the real-time basis for engine control and diagnostics applications using the measurement of crankshaft speed variation are disclosed. Two different torque estimation approaches are disclosed—“Stochastic Analysis” and “Frequency Analysis.” An estimation model function consisting of three primary variables representing crankshaft dynamics such as crankshaft position, speed, and acceleration is used for each estimation approach. The torque estimation method are independent of the engine inputs (air, fuel, and spark). Both approaches have been analyzed and compared with respect to estimation accuracy and computational requirements, and feasibility for the real-time engine diagnostics and control applications. Results show that both methods permits estimations of the indicated torque based on the crankshaft speed measurement while providing not only accurate but also relatively fast estimations during the computation processes.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system includes a drop ejector for discretely ejecting drops of combustible liquid in a digital manner. A controller is configured to cause the drop ejector to provide a first air/fuel mixture to a combustion chamber for a first portion of a fuel intake period and to provide a second air/fuel mixture to said combustion chamber for a second portion of the same fuel intake period.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a direct-injection, spark-ignition engine including a temperature-condition detector for detecting a temperature condition of the engine catalyst, and a controller for controlling a fuel-injection operation.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system includes a drop ejector for discretely ejecting drops of combustible liquid in a digital manner. A controller is configured to cause the drop ejector to provide a first air/fuel mixture to a combustion chamber for a first portion of a fuel intake period and to provide a second air/fuel mixture to said combustion chamber for a second portion of the same fuel intake period.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus comprises a control unit (29) operative to estimate an amount of NOx absorbed by a NOx trap material (17) disposed in an exhaust passage (10) and to make an air-fuel ratio richer so as thereby to cause the NOx trap material to release sulfur when the estimated amount of NOx absorption exceeds a specified amount. Further, the control unit (29) operative to estimate an amount of sulfur absorbed by the NOx trap material (17) and to make an air-fuel ratio richer and rising a temperature of exhaust gas so as thereby to cause the NOx trap material to release sulfur when the estimated amount of sulfur absorption exceeds a specified amount. The control unit restricts an air-fuel ratio from being made richer when the NOx trap material is not expected to absorb NOx due to progress of sulfur absorption resulting from conditionally the sulfur releasing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of operating an internal combustion engine operated on gasoline type fuels, more specifically on gasoline, wherein ignition of the fuel-air mixture is initiated spontaneously in at least one operational range of the engine, preferably in the part load range, and wherein a stratified charge is produced in the combustion chamber, preferably in the higher load range. In order to achieve in the simplest possible manner high exhaust quality for an internal combustion engine operated on fuel with poor ignition characteristics in the range of higher mean pressures as well there is provided that combustion is initiated by spontaneous ignition of the fuel in the full load range as well and that preferably the in-cylinder charge temperature is controlled throughout the load range by way of internal exhaust gas recirculation and that, in the full load range, the start of fuel injection occurs after top dead center.

Abstract: A split injection of gasoline produces stratified charge in at least one cylinder. A sensor measures cylinder pressure or knock and generates a sensor signal indicative of combustion event timing of stratified charge. From the sensor signal, a controller determines an actual value of a characteristic parameter representing combustion event timing in the cylinder. The controller modifies at least one of operating variables governing a split injection for the subsequent cycle in such a direction as to decrease a deviation between the actual value of the characteristic parameter and a target value thereof toward zero.

Abstract: When an engine operates in a low and medium load area and in a low and medium speed area, the combustion mode is established to a compression ignition combustion and when the engine operates in other load and speed areas, the combustion mode is established to a spark ignition combustion. Further, when the compression ignition combustion is performed, the mixture is stratified in the combustion chamber and an ultra lean combustion is realized. As a result, both NOx reduction in an ultra lean condition and HC/CO reduction in an oxidation atmosphere can be obtained. On the other hand, when the spark ignition combustion is performed, a normal feedback control of air-fuel ratio activates a three-way catalyst to reduce HC, CO and NOx simultaneously.

Abstract: Compression ignition of a homogeneous air fuel charge in a piston engine is controlled over a substantial range of lean to stoichiometric air fuel ratios by supplying additional heat as required to an open sided hot spot recess in a combustion chamber. A surface electric heater element is controlled in response to sensed engine operating conditions to provide additional heat as required to ignite the charge compressed in the hot spot to initiate combustion that progresses through the open side of the hot spot recess and completes combustion of the cylinder charge in the time interval required for efficient combustion. Matching of the hot spot energy requirements to the cylinder operating conditions of each engine embodiment and the manner of controlling energy transfer must be developed for each engine application to obtain the full benefit of unthrottled combustion of homogenious mixtures over a major portion of an engine operating range.

Abstract: In a fuel injection apparatus of an internal combustion engine comprising a fuel injector, an intake valve device for opening and closing an intake port, and an intake air flow control device arranged in an upstream side of the intake valve device, a fuel injection is synchronized with an intake stroke of the engine. A fuel spray is oriented to an inner wall face which is positioned in an opposite side to an inner wall face of a cylinder heads in a fuel injector side and the fuel spray is transported by an air flow having a strong fluidization which is entered from the intake air control device. In a port injection lean burn engine, an adhesion to the wall face according to the fuel spray can be reduced, and a quality and a formation state of an air-fuel mixture in a cylinder can be improved.

Abstract: A device for use with a lean-burning internal combustion engine is disclosed. The device is comprised of a means for generating an air/fuel mixture for the cylinders of the engine in order to provide at least stratified and homogenous operation, an exhaust system connected to the engine, and an NOX-adsorbing catalytic converter arranged in the exhaust system. The device additionally has a heat exchanger that is fitted upstream of the catalytic converter, wherein the heat exchanger is used to adapt the temperature of the exhaust gas from the engine to an operating state of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an internal combustion engine (1) especially of a motor vehicle. The engine (1) includes a combustion chamber (4) wherein fuel can be injected during a compression phase in a stratified mode of operation. A control apparatus (18) is provided for determining an injection duration in the stratified operation in dependence upon the pressure difference between a fuel pressure, which operates on the fuel, and a combustion chamber pressure present in the combustion chamber (4). A mean fuel pressure is determined by the control apparatus (18).

Abstract: A fuel vapor treating mechanism includes a canister for adsorbing fuel vapor produced in a fuel feed system. The treating mechanism purges the fuel vapor adsorbed by the canister, along with air, to an intake system of the engine. An ECU computes a value representing the flow rate of the purged gas as a value that represents the capability of the treating apparatus. The ECU sets a decision value in accordance with the amount of the fuel vapor produced in the fuel feed system. The decision value represents a required capability of the treating mechanism. When the value representing the capability is less than the decision value, the ECU prohibits stratified charge combustion and causes the engine to perform homogeneous charge combustion. Therefore, as many opportunities as possible are provided to perform stratified charge combustion, which improves fuel efficiency.

Abstract: A system and method for widening auto-ignition range of a lean burn internal combustion engine employs stratified charge of exhaust gas content and air content. A fuel injection system carries out a first injection of gasoline fuel for dispersion within the air content, and a second injection of gasoline fuel for dispersion within the exhaust gas content. This intelligent injection of gasoline fuel accomplishes auto-ignition of gasoline fuel within the exhaust gas content over extended range of engine speed and load.

Abstract: There is provided a control system for an internal combustion engine which controls the operation of the engine such that the combustion mode of the engine is switched between a stratified combustion mode and a homogeneous combustion mode, and torque generated by the engines is controlled based on a desired torque. The control system has an ECU which calculates a required torque based on results of detection by a crack angle position sensor and an accelerator pedal sensor, and determines a combustion mode according to the required torque. Further, the ECU smoothes the required torque in dependence on the combustion mode, to thereby calculate a smoothed required torque. Then, ECU sets the desired torque based on the smoothed required torque.

Abstract: A compression self-ignition gasoline engine includes a stratifying device stratifying gas in a combustion chamber of the engine, a fuel injector directly injecting fuel in the combustion chamber and a controller connected to the stratifying device and the fuel injector. The controller controlling the stratifying device to produce a high temperature gas layer of a high temperature gas and a low temperature gas layer of a low temperature gas in the combustion chamber. The controller further controls the fuel injector to inject the fuel to both the high temperature gas layer and the low temperature gas layer.

Abstract: A method of controlling an internal combustion engine is described. The engine is capable of operating in at least two engine operating modes. As an example, the engine can operate in a stratified or a homogeneous combustion mode. The engine operating mode is selected based on a determined atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an internal combustion engine, especially for a motor vehicle. The engine has a combustion chamber into which fuel can be injected in at least two operating modes. A control apparatus is provided with which a switchover between the operating modes can be effected. A desired value (rlmd$s) can be determined with the control apparatus for the air charge in the combustion chamber. The desired value (rlmd$s) defines a maximum value for the air charge in the combustion chamber which is not exceeded.