Abstract: Cooperatively shaped piston and cylinder head arrangements for internal combustion engines are disclosed. The piston may have a domed head with one or more curved exhaust channels and inlet channels formed therein. The piston cylinder may have curved surfaces that are exact or close inverse or negative counterparts to the curved surfaces of all or part of the domed head, including the exhaust channels, and/or inlet channels formed on the piston.

Abstract: A combustion system is provided for an internal combustion engine including a cylinder head and a piston. In one example, a combustion system may include a cylinder head with a second cylinder surface angled relative to a first cylinder surface, an intake port coupled to the first cylinder surface, an exhaust port coupled to the second cylinder surface, and a piston with a first piston surface parallel to the first cylinder surface and a second piston surface parallel to the second cylinder surface.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has at least one cylinder, wherein in the cylinder there is a piston, which has a recess. Furthermore, the internal combustion engine has a cylinder head, which has the shape of a roof complementary to the roof-shaped geometry of the piston with a first and second side converging in the shape of a gable, with the piston and the cylinder head defining a top side and a bottom side of a combustion chamber. The internal combustion engine has an ignition device, which is arranged at least approximately in the center in the roof shape. The cylinder further has preferably two inlet valves, which are arranged in the first side, and also preferably two outlet valves, which are arranged in the second side. The recess extends past both sides, wherein the recess includes at the side approximately vertically descending sides and a base. The piston further has at least two, preferably four quench zones, which are at least partially separated from each other by valve pockets for valves.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exhaust system for discharging combusted gases from the cylinder of a vehicle engine, which comprises an exhaust manifold with a plurality of exhaust gas runners, wherein the exhaust gas runners are spaced so as to avoid an exhaust gas interference.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine including at least one engine cylinder includes a cylinder cavity with first and second stopping members interconnected by a cylinder wall, the cylinder further includes two piston members slidably moveable within said cylinder cavity and between extreme positions intermediate between two stopping members, two piston members combust between their faces and cylinder wall pushing them with their power transmittal members alternatively to revolve the cogwheel and axle. By the ratchet function of power transmittal member or cogwheel, each piston has its free returning movement without clinging with the cogwheel and axle, allowing each piston continuously and alternatively revolves the axle without waste of energy for returning movements.

Abstract: A squish surface having the shape of a plane surface orthogonal to the axis of a piston is formed on the intake side of the piston top surface. A squish area is formed between the squish surface and a plane surface-shaped squish surface on the cylinder head side, and at the same time, a squish guide surface is formed in the piston top surface so as to be continuously ridged from the squish surface toward the vicinity of a spark plug.

Abstract: There is provided a combustion chamber structure in an internal combustion engine in which, at a peripheral portion of a combustion chamber, a gap between a cylinder head lower face and a piston upper face is small in intake-to-intake and exhaust-to-exhaust zones and gradually increases toward an intake-to-exhaust zone. According to such design, the mixture in the peripheral portion of the combustion chamber can smoothly flow from the intake-to-intake and exhaust-to-exhaust zones to the intake-to-exhaust zone along the peripheral face of the cylinder. The flow of air-fuel mixture from the intake-to-intake zone collides at the center of the intake-to-exhaust zone with the flow of mixture from the exhaust-to-exhaust zone, and the combined flow goes over a conical tapered portion in the upper face of the piston and vigorously enters a central recessed portion thereof. Therefore, it is possible to satisfactorily mix an air-fuel mixture with a simplified configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving efficiency of combustion engines. At least two combustion chambers are provided by contouring the surface of a piston or a cylinder head or a combination thereof. Such a contoured piston or cylinder head controls the peak temperature and pressure in order to combust the mixture efficiently, to increase power generated, and to decrease the amount of unused mixture exhausted from the combustion chamber. With the ability to control the peak pressure, the ignition plug can be fired at advanced ignition timing, thereby extending its life. The chambers are also designed to control flame propagation speed to reduce knock. Additionally, the chambers can also decrease the amount of pollutants such as NOx produced during combustion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a piston is disclosed. The piston has a circular flat piston heat portion extending normal to the piston axis and opposed depressions opposite the combustion chamber intake and exhaust openings, respectively. The circular flat piston head portion includes a beveled rim with a radiused profile, the piston head having a circular edge and the cylinder head has a circular circumferential edge which matches the circular edge of the piston to define a uniform quench area upon the compression stroke of the piston.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of the valve-in-head type having a low profile cylinder head which requires minimal head-room in the engine compartment of an automotive vehicle. The cylinder head has a rectilinear configuration with the valve trains disposed on horizontal axes extending transversely of the cylinder head. Each valve train in the cylinder head is provided with precise axial support at both ends of the train. The engine has a relatively thin upstanding combustion chamber over each cylinder and one or more pairs of poppet valves per cylinder each having a sealing surface adjacent its outer edge for engagement with respective seats defined by axially aligned header tubes. Each valve has a relatively short neck extending through the combustion chamber during the intake and compression strokes and when the fuel-air mixture is fired.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a cylinder head with a combustion chamber defined by a depression in the head. The raised face surface of a piston extends into the combustion chamber in the cylinder head as the piston approaches top dead center, and creates turbulent squish currents within the chamber as closely matching surfaces on the piston face and on the walls of the combustion chamber in the head force gases out from between these surfaces. The turbulence helps to prevent autoignition and allows higher compression ratios than would otherwise be possible.

Abstract: A lengthwise scavenging system for a two stroke internal combustion engine comprising a ported cylinder, a piston, a wave formed sleeve which is attached to the piston, and a reentrant cylinder head which provide annular recess for the sleeve. The inlet ports and the exhaust ports are displaced longitudinally and latitudinally at different levels relative to the cylinder. The uppor ports are controlled by the top portion of the sleeve, and the lower by the bottom to perform lengthwise scavenging.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having two intake valves on one side and two exhaust valves on the other side of each cylinder, all four valves are displaced towards the exhaust valve side to provide room for a squish zone on the intake valve side. The squish zone is formed in such a way that the mixture is directed or "squished" in the direction of the spark plug to provide turbulence for improving combustion, especially during partial load operation.

Abstract: A spark-ignition overhead valve type internal combustion engine has its cylinder or cylinders closed at the top by semispherical cylinder heads with the piston terminating in a crown of semispherical configuration sized slightly smaller than that of the cylinder head. Shallow recesses within the piston crown to opposite sides of spark plug apertures form dual combustion chamber with a recess within the piston crown aligned with and facing the cylinder head aperture, forms an initial ignition area, with shallow narrow grooves leading from the initial ignition area, within the piston crown, to the shallow combustion chamber defining recesses. The burning process of a fuel-air charge is slowed from the initial ignition area through the shallow grooves and then through the shallow combustion chambers to retard the explosion process.

Abstract: Projecting parts of the piston and the cylinder head are formed in such a manner that two portions of the piston surface are spaced from the inner surface of the cylinder head and a third portion of the piston surface is next to the inner surface of the cylinder head when the piston is at the upper dead center point, said third portion of the surface comprising a zone which is at a distance from the inner surface of the cylinder head and forming a connecting surface between said two first portion, these latter forming, with the cylinder head, respectively, an initial combustion zone and an expansion zone for the gases originating from the combustion, while the connecting zone together with the cylinder head forms an opening for the passage of said gases from the first zone, guiding these latter along the cylinder head toward a wall of the expansion zone, the outline of which, in a plane containing the axis of the above-mentioned opening, is a line which is curved in the direction of the opening forming the me

Abstract: The combustion structure of an internal combustion engine comprises a cavity formed in the end wall of the piston and a projection on said piston adjacent its cavity to that the projection in the injection, ignition and combustion phase of the cycle only constricts communication between the two cavities and defines with the cavity in the wall a combustion chamber in which at least three distinct swirls of fluid are induced by the shape of the projection and a resultant three-dimensional circulation sweeps throughout this chamber. The fuel is injected into the circulation in this chamber and ignition takes place therein as well.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a cylinder 16, a cylinder head 10, and a piston 12 slidably mounted within the cylinder for reciprocating movement towards and away from the cylinder head, together defining a reaction chamber 22. The piston and cylinder head include cooperating structure for inducing rotative movement in a fuel/air mixture within the cylinder before and after the combustion reaction. The structure comprises at least two projections 50, 51 rising upwardly from a top the surface of the piston and disposed symmetrically about a central axis in a side-by-side interfitting, "yin and yang" relationship. The projections are defined by respective inclined, lateral surfaces 50a, 51a that merge with horizontal surface portions 58, 59 of the piston, the horizontal extent of which taper from the base of the associated projection; the upper portion of the projections terminate in respective circular edge surfaces 56, 57.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine a piston and a cylinder head defining a cylinder with a blind end thereatop are formed in a conical configuration. The piston compresses charges of an air/fuel mixture in the blind end of the cylinder, whereupon ignition of the fuel is initiated. Combustion of the fuel proceeds first from the region of ignition in the blind end of the cylinder and then along the interstitial space between the diverging conical walls of the cylinder head and piston. The expanding products of combustion squeeze the piston from the top and the sides, thereby transferring power smoothly and directly to the piston. The progress of combustion spreads equally both downwardly and radially outwardly from the axis of the piston, thereby providing an efficient transfer of power with a high fuel economy.

Abstract: A combustion system for internal combustion engines having an exhaust gas recirculating system which is operable by a lean air-fuel mixture without aggravation of the combustion. The piston of the engine has a sub-piston projecting on the top thereof and the cylinder head is formed with a recess into which the sub-piston is insertable at a position near the top dead center of the stroke of the piston such that the space between the cylinder head and the piston can be divided into two combustion chambers. The compression ratios of both chambers are different from each other. An ignition plug is disposed in the chamber having the lower compression ratio, and ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the chamber having the higher compression ratio takes place by flame from the lower compression ratio chamber as a torch ignition.