Abstract: A blade assembly includes an adapter board including a lower tool bit attachment portion, terminating in a lower adapter board free end, the lower adapter board free end defining a bottom surface defining a plurality of shank receiving bores. A plurality of bushings are disposed in a corresponding one of the plurality of shank receiving bores.

Abstract: A wear insert includes a front surface, a rear surface, a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, and a first retention boss extending from the rear surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor module bonding structure includes: a semiconductor module including a semiconductor element and a positive terminal which is a plate-shaped power terminal electrically connected to the semiconductor element; and a main P bus bar which is a bus bar including a plate-shaped bonding part bonded to the positive terminal of the semiconductor module. The positive terminal of the semiconductor module which is one of the positive terminal and the bonding part of the main P bus bar that has a relatively small thickness is configures to be wider than the bonding part which is the other having a relatively large thickness, and the positive terminal and the bonding part are bonded together by fusion welding in the state of being arranged so that the respective thickness directions of the positive terminal and the bonding part are orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: In one aspect, a shank assembly for an agricultural implement may include a shank and a tillage point coupled to a distal end of the shank. The tillage point may include a body having first and second retention walls, with the retention walls being spaced apart such that a retention slot is defined directly between the retention walls. In addition, the first retention wall may define an inner cavity that extends from an inner surface of the first retention wall towards an opposed outer surface of the first retention wall. Moreover, the shank assembly may include a retention collar received within the inner cavity and a retention pin configured to be inserted through aligned openings of the tillage point and the shank, as well as though the retention collar, when the distal end of the shank is received within the retention slot.

Abstract: A locking device (3) for a wearing part (2) detachably attached to a soil-working working element (1) by means of quick-coupling elements (11, 21), wherein a locking element (31) attached to the working element (1) includes an end portion (312) projecting from the working element (1) and being provided with an engagement section (313) arranged to engage with a lock-receiving element (22) arranged on a lee-side face (2a) of the wearing part (2).

Abstract: A tooth adapter defining top and bottom walls and side walls, an adapter recess in one side, a retention means in the adapter recess, a bolt with a fastening inserted in the recess, a collar formed on the bolt of predetermined diameter, a tooth having side walls and defining a hollow chamber fitting over the adaptor, a through tooth bolt opening formed in a tooth side wall of predetermined diameter, the tooth bolt opening being located to register with the adaptor recess, when the tooth is positioned on the adapter. In one version the diameter of the collar is slightly greater than the diameter of the tooth bolt opening, to create a locking effect.

Abstract: A wear part for earthmoving and mining equipment, the wear part having a mounting portion for engaging with a mount such as a nose mount or adaptor, a cheek plate, a boot, a cable hitch or the like provided on or by a bucket, the wear part having a cavity in the mounting portion defined at least in part by an outer wall having an inner face and an outer face, at least one passage formed through said outer wall and opening at one end to the inner face of said outer wall and at the other end to the outer face, and a retainer in said at least one passage and adapted to be selectively engaged with the mount to which the wear part is to be mounted, said outer wall including stop means engaged by said retainer and arranged to stop said retainer escaping from said at least on passage via the outer face end of said passage.

Abstract: A regulator moldboard and grader blade assembly includes a moldboard having at least one transversely extending pin, the pin having a notch with a surface inclined toward the moldboard. At least one grader blade has at least one mounting opening having a flared surface complementary to the notch so that the blade is hangable on the pin so that the notch draws the blade against the moldboard as a fastener tightens the blade to the moldboard.

Abstract: Disclosed are various exemplary embodiments of a lock for a ground engaging tool. The lock may include a head portion and a C-shaped portion extending from the head portion. The C-shaped portion may define a lock slot for receiving a portion of a support member to be locked with the ground engaging tool. The C-shaped portion may also include an outer surface configured to be rotatably received in an inner surface of a retainer bushing. At least a portion of the head portion and the C-shaped portion may include a surface coated with a friction-reducing material.

Abstract: A digging assembly (10) for a plough. The digging assembly (10) has a digging blade assembly (17) that is moved through the soil to form a slot, and a closing tool assembly (29) that forms a seed bed by partly closing the slot formed by the digging blade assembly (17). Following the closing tool assembly (29) is a seed boot (57) that delivers seed to the seed bed formed by the closing tool assembly (29).

Abstract: An agricultural tillage implement includes: a frame member; and a disk blade hanger assembly. The disk blade hanger assembly includes: a disk blade hanger coupled with the frame member; a disk blade; and a spindle assembly including a spindle and a saddle member, the spindle being rotationally coupled with the disk blade, the saddle member being connected to the disk blade hanger and including a curved surface which is connected to the spindle.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing the stresses placed on a cantilevered component mounted to a rigid frame includes cushioned bushings coupling the cantilevered component to a rigid frame. As the cantilevered component is loaded due to bending moments, the cushioned bushings flex and cushion the cantilevered component. The cantilevered component is retained within the bushing using hardware that allows the cantilevered component to float as needed to further reduce stresses and strains thereon.

Abstract: A segmented blade comprised of overlapping blade segments is disclosed herein. Each blade segment overlaps with adjacent segments thereby providing for an overlapping joint between segments. The overlapping joint reduces erosion and/or washout of the underlying moldboard. Further, in one embodiment, the overlapping joint may include a connector hole such as a bolt hole through which a bolt detachably connects the overlapped sections of adjacent blade segments with the moldboard. Such a connection increases the strength of the connection as well as the strength of the moldboard in the region of the connection. This allows for smaller blade segments to be used and allows for segments which are of a suitable size to be manhandled by a single operator without jeopardizing the strength of the moldboard and/or the longevity of the moldboard.

Abstract: A soil working tool, such as a cultivator tip, having a carrier which bears a primary cutting element and at least two secondary cutting elements on a cutter holder, wherein both the primary cutting element and the secondary cutting elements include a cutting edge. To optimize the penetration to achieve better cutting results, the cutting edges of the secondary cutting elements are arranged offset with respect to the cutting edges of the primary cutting element.

Abstract: A mount for carrying a plurality of field-conditioning implements selected from trash whipping implements, rolling baskets and coulters for connection to a planter or other multi-row implement is disclosed. A height and force adjustable mounting system is also disclosed that enables the force of such an implement on the soil to be modulated as desired.

Abstract: The combination of a rolling basket tillage implement and a seed distribution implement is disclosed. A height-adjustable mounting system for a rolling basket soil tillage implement is also disclosed for use with a planter that enables such an implement to be raised above the soil as needed to avoid wet conditions.

Abstract: A quick connect/disconnect coupling for securing an agricultural implement, such as a stalk stomper, to a tool bar assembly on a tractor, without the need for any tools. The tool bar assembly includes a bracket having a pair of spaced-apart arm members. Each arm member has a recess therein, and a hole spaced therefrom. The recesses and the holes are generally transversely aligned. A pin is adapted to be received in the holes. The agricultural implement assembly includes a plate member. Provided on the plate member is a cross bar. The cross bar is adapted to be engaged in the recesses. To connect the agricultural implement assembly to the tool bar assembly, the cross bar is engaged in the recesses and the agricultural implement and the pin can be inserted into the transversely aligned holes to connect the agricultural implement to the tool bar assembly. A spring member biases the implement to pivot away from the plate member.

Abstract: The combination of a rolling basket tillage implement and a seed distribution implement is disclosed. A height-adjustable mounting system for a rolling basket soil tillage implement is also disclosed for use with a planter that enables such an implement to be raised above the soil as needed to avoid wet conditions.

Abstract: An aerator tine holder includes a clamp block removably attached to a base. Each of the clamp block and the base have a plurality of semicylindrical channels that when attached together form a plurality of cylindrical bores holding cylindrical tines. One or more magnets in the base and/or clamp block may be used to position the tines while the clamp block is removed from the base.

Abstract: A quick connect/disconnect coupling for securing an agricultural implement, such as a stalk stomper, to a tool bar assembly on a tractor, without the need for any tools. The tool bar assembly includes a bracket having a pair of spaced-apart arm members. Each arm member has a recess therein, and a hole spaced therefrom. The recesses and the holes are generally transversely aligned. A pin is adapted to be received in the holes. The agricultural implement assembly includes a plate member. Provided on the plate member is a cross bar. The cross bar is adapted to be engaged in the recesses. To connect the agricultural implement assembly to the tool bar assembly, the cross bar is engaged in the recesses and the agricultural implement and the pin can be inserted into the transversely aligned holes to connect the agricultural implement to the tool bar assembly.

Abstract: A delivery boot for mounting on a shank of an agricultural implement and carrying a sweep blade. The boot features a channel member having front, rear and side walls defining a channel extending downward from an inlet proximate the top end to an outlet proximate the bottom end, a sweep connection element defined on the channel member at a front side and a shank connection element defined on the channel member at a rear side thereof. A spreader is supported on the channel member proximate the outlet thereof to receive product delivered from the inlet through the channel member and guide the product laterally outward to both sides of the outlet. Arranged to mount in front of the shank and behind the sweep, the boot positions the outlet ahead of the shank to minimize disruption of product placement by earth falling back into the furrow behind the shank.

Abstract: A plow blade kit comprising a first plow blade section, a second plow blade section, a connector plate for connecting the first and second plow blade sections together in an end-to-end manner, a first wear bar, a second wear bar, a push tube assembly, mounting components for securing the forward end of the push tube assembly to the rearward sides of the first and second plow blade sections, and a mount for securing the rearward end of the push tube assembly to an off-road vehicle.

Abstract: Gang tube rail structure is attached to the lower front and rear corners of the implement gang tube to provide a lower clamp support. Two pivoting clamp jaws are attached to the clamp support and secured against the support by tightening a single clamp bolt extending between the lowermost portions of the jaws. A locator shoe is secured between the tube and the c-spring and includes a protrusion that projects into a hole in the c-spring. The ends of the locator shoe include short legs that wrap around the gang tube rail. The single clamp bolt provides a vertical clamp force that is approximately twice the tension generated in the bolt when the nut is tightened.

Abstract: A disc gang for use with an agricultural implement includes a pair of front and a pair of rear disc openers mounted to a carrier boom by a mounting arm that can be independently raised and lowered as desired. The front and rear disc openers are mounted such that the openers can oscillate in response to surface undulations independently of one another. Moreover, the disc openers of each pair are free to oscillate in response to surface contours independently of one another.

Abstract: Fastening device for coupling ploughing elements in agricultural cultivation machines, the ploughing elements including ploughshares, points, blades or any similar type of tool, the fastening device including an intermediate fastening element, formed by a solid body, which joins the ploughing element to the support arm; the intermediate fastening element being equipped with a fastening arrangement for linking thereof to the support arm; a guiding arrangement for insertion of the former inside the ploughing element; and an aperture, passable transversely with respect to the direction of the guiding arrangement and intended for insertion of a retractable pin which, in an insertion position for the pin, acts as a retaining element for the ploughing element with respect to the intermediate fastening element such that the fastening device enables the user/operator to manually replace or reposition the ploughing element, avoiding any need for accessory tools for this purpose.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing the stresses placed on a cantilevered component mounted to a rigid frame includes cushioned bushings coupling the cantilevered component to a rigid frame. As the cantilevered component is loaded due to bending moments, the cushioned bushings flex and cushion the cantilevered component. The cantilevered component is retained within the bushing using hardware that allows the cantilevered component to float as needed to further reduce stresses and strains thereon.

Abstract: A connector for use in as a third point connector for a tractor has a hydraulic and pneumatic chamber for providing an easy method to adjust the length of the third point connector to thereby change the angle between the tractor and an attached implement. When a release valve is opened, the two sides of the connector can be moved towards or away from each other as air enters from the environment or exits as needed to balance the pressure inside the connector. An induced air pocket in the hydraulic chamber allows for a slight cushion against the forces as the incompressible hydraulic fluid prevents larger swings in the length of the connector. One or more of the opposing ends may have threaded connectors to allow for general size changes to the connector.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a machine configured so that its ground speed is at least in part dependent on the measured force that is applied to an attachment attached thereto. The present disclosure also provides an attachment for a machine that is configured to provide feedback to the machine it is configured to be attached to, wherein the feedback is representative of the force applied to the attachment. The present disclosure also provides a method of automatically controlling the ground speed of a machine based on feedback measured in an attachment attached to the machine.

Abstract: A scraper for mounting to a tool bar of a farm implement having at least one rotating disk for tilling soil, including a support mounted to the tool bar and a shaft pivotally attached to and extending from the support where the shaft has a central axis. A scraper blade is rotatably attached to an end of the shaft and the scraper blade comprises a perimeter wherein the shaft pivots to rotatably engage a side surface of the rotating disk to prevent soil from accumulating on the side surface and prevents debris from accumulating between the side surface and the scraper blade.

Abstract: A shank having an upper portion and a lower portion with a smaller footprint than the upper portion is designed to be received by a receiver of a tool adapter or boot that is used to couple a tool to the shank. The shank and the adapter have leading edges that are generally equal in which the width so that the leading edge presented at the ground engaging level is not increased by the mounting of the adapter to the shank. The adapter is also configured to interchangeably couple various agricultural tools to the shank, such as sweeps, spikes, and plows.

Abstract: A knife assembly includes a unique finned point with angled soil-engaging surfaces defining several fracture areas and preventing slabbing to avoid excessive soil disturbance and knife wear. The knife has an extended length between the point and upper mounting brackets to facilitate operation of the point over a substantial range of depths, and the mounting brackets operate above ground level even at maximum point depth operation.

Abstract: A tillage implement includes a ground engaging tool assembly configured to enhance alignment relative to a forward direction of travel of a tow vehicle. The ground engaging tool assembly generally includes a ground engaging tool, a shank, and clip coupled therebetween. The ground engaging tool includes a mounting portion that defines a channel configured to receive an upper portion of the clip. The shank includes a lower portion that defines an elongated slot configured to receive a lower portion of the clip. The clip is configured to align the mounting portion of the ground engaging tool with respect to the shank and the forward direction of travel. The mounting portion and associated clip are also configured to not cause undesired disturbance of the ground beyond the side-to-side width of the shank relative to the forward direction of travel.

Abstract: A disc opener system for attachment to an agricultural vehicle for opening a seed trench. The system includes a main arm, a disc opener mounted to the main arm, a gauge wheel mounted about a pivot axis to the main arm, a gauge wheel mounted for rotation on the gauge arm, and a depth adjustment assembly for adjusting and positively locking a position of the gauge wheel relative to disc opener. The depth adjustment assembly includes an adjustment link mounted to the main arm, an adjustment coupling attached to the gauge arm, a handle pivotably attached to the adjustment coupling and a clip attached to the adjustment coupling. The clip locks the handle in a position where it mates the adjustment link and adjustment coupling to fix the position of the gauge wheel relative to the disc opener.

Abstract: A disc opener assembly for an agricultural planter includes a coulter disc formed without a pilot hole for the spindle of the mounting hub. The mounting hub is formed without the spindle such that the coulter disc is supported directly in a cantilevered manner from the mounting flange of the mounting hub. The coulter disc is formed with fastener holes aligned with mounting holes in the mounting flange for the passage of fasteners to affix the coulter disc to the mounting flange. The fasteners are countersunk into the coulter disc to present a smooth exterior surface. A seal is positioned between the mounting flange and the coulter disc to prevent the entry of dirt and debris into the mounting hub. No dust cap on the exterior surface of the coulter disc is required with this configuration which improves the operation of the disc opener assembly.

Abstract: A cultivator sweep assembly having a sweep adapted for releasable attachment to a shank of a mobile agricultural apparatus. The sweep assembly includes a sweep having a more narrow profile, and a coupling attached to a tapered end portion of the shank and disposed between the sweep and the supporting shank. The sweep includes a stem portion that defines a housing configured to frictionally receive and engage the tapered end portion of the shank. The end portion of the shank having the coupling attached thereto is slidably received within the housing until a projection of the coupling is received through a top opening of the housing. The projection received through the top opening indicating that the end portion of the shank is sufficiently received within the housing of the sweep, and that the sweep is mounted to the shank with sufficient force.

Abstract: A pivot assembly is provided for attaching a closing wheel frame to a planter. The closing wheel frame has a pair of closing wheels attached at a rear end and a pair of mounting openings formed at a front end. The pivot assembly includes ball bearings having outer races fit loosely within each of the mounting openings of the closing wheel frame. The inner races of the ball bearings are secured to the planter frame using threaded nut and bolt assemblies. The closing wheel frame is pivotal relative to the planter frame during normal operation by relative movement between the inner and outer races of the bearing. Variations of the mounting openings in the closing wheel frame are disclosed, including a tubular part, heavy washer or other annular structure welded to an outside surface of the closing wheel frame, or a bearing housing formed integral with the closing wheel frame.

Abstract: A securing arrangement for a tool (7) of an agricultural tillage implement of a type having a tapered interconnection between a socket (5) on the tool and an adaptor piece (3) adapted for mounting onto a tine (1) of the tillage implement. The adaptor piece (3) has a recess (9) which can be an aperture or a pair of transverse arcuate slots (31) for receiving a retaining pin(11). The socket (5) on the tool has notches (15) on its opposed sides and a portion (13) on the retaining pin in use engages into at least one of the notches (15) to prevent disengagement of the socket (5) from the adaptor piece (3). The adaptor piece can be integral with the tine.

Abstract: U-shaped cushions, also known as shanks or spring members, resiliently support a gang of disks on the frame of a disk harrow. The agricultural disk cushion is manufactured from a round section of raw material which is lighter and more resistant to torsion related failure than traditional rectangular section shanks. Two leg portions are each tapered to have flat surfaces on opposite sides for flush fitting with mounting elements, while a central portion connecting them remains circular in cross section. The round cross section in this critical area can withstand severe omni-directional loading, as its resistance is equal in all directions The spring rate the leg portions of the disk cushion can be tailored individually to meet the requirements of the application.

Abstract: Sweep retaining structure includes a retainer having a contact end biased towards the sweep. The sweep includes two or more spaced end-receiving areas to accommodate changes in the mounted sweep position. In one embodiment, the retainer is a wire made of spring steel having a contact end biased against the underside of the sweep. In one embodiment, the underside of the sweep includes a series of stepped portions. As the sweep is forced on the adapter on the shank, the contact end springs into retaining position on the stepped portion that aligns with the spring end when the sweep is in the mounted position. The sweep can be attached loosely by hand in an initial position with operating forces moving the sweep to a wedge locked position.

Abstract: Sweep retaining structure includes a retainer having a contact end biased towards the sweep. The sweep includes two or more spaced end-receiving areas to accommodate changes in the mounted sweep position. In one embodiment, the retainer is a wire made of spring steel having a contact end biased against the underside of the sweep. In one embodiment, the underside of the sweep includes a series of stepped portions. As the sweep is forced on the adapter on the shank, the contact end springs into retaining position on the stepped portion that aligns with the spring end when the sweep is in the mounted position. The sweep can be attached loosely by hand in an initial position with operating forces moving the sweep to a wedge locked position.

Abstract: Sweep retaining structure includes a spring wire retainer with a base supported in a groove on the underside of the wedge support which mates with a stem portion of the sweep. The wedge support is apertured, and a central curved portion of the retainer passes through the aperture and supports a sweep-contacting end above the surface of the wedge support. The end is biased toward a contact area on the sweep to engage the area and eliminate sweep loss problems by preventing the sweep from slipping downwardly from the mounted position. To remove the sweep, a tool is inserted through the slot to depress the retainer end, and the sweep is forced off the wedge support. A raised area on the sweep directs soil away from the retainer and contact area to reduce wear and eliminate depression of the end during operation. The underside of the raised area positions the wire end and provides bend-resisting support for the wire.

Abstract: A pivot assembly is provided for attaching a closing wheel frame to a planter. The closing wheel frame has a pair of closing wheels attached at a rear end and a pair of mounting openings formed at a front end. The pivot assembly includes ball bearings having outer races fit loosely within each of the mounting openings of the closing wheel frame. The inner races of the ball bearings are secured to the planter frame using threaded nut and bolt assemblies. The closing wheel frame is pivotal relative to the planter frame during normal operation by relative movement between the inner and outer races of the bearing. Variations of the mounting openings in the closing wheel frame are disclosed, including a tubular part, heavy washer or other annular structure welded to an outside surface of the closing wheel frame, or a bearing housing formed integral with the closing wheel frame.

Abstract: Sweep retaining structure includes a retainer having a contact end biased towards the sweep. The sweep includes two or more spaced end-receiving areas to accommodate changes in the mounted sweep position. In one embodiment, the retainer is a wire made of spring steel having a contact end biased against the underside of the sweep. In one embodiment, the underside of the sweep includes a series of stepped portions. As the sweep is forced on the adapter on the shank, the contact end springs into retaining position on the stepped portion that aligns with the spring end when the sweep is in the mounted position. The sweep can be attached loosely by hand in an initial position with operating forces moving the sweep to a wedge locked position.

Abstract: A cultivator point assembly includes an adaptor having a front and a rear end, and intended to be mounted to a cultivator machine at an upper end and having a foot projecting from a lower end. A cultivator point is adapted to be engaged with the adaptor and has a mounting section and a forward ground-working edge. An aperture in the mounting section is adapted to receive the foot of the adaptor in a first reversed position, whereafter the cultivator point is rotated 180° relative to the adaptor into an intermediate position in which the ground working edge is in a forward facing position relative to the adaptor, and is then moved rearwardly relative to the adaptor into a working position. A stop in use prevents unintentional detachment of the cultivator point from the adaptor.

Abstract: Sweep retaining structure includes a spring wire retainer with a base supported in a groove on the underside of the wedge support which mates with a stem portion of the sweep. The wedge support is apertured, and a central curved portion of the retainer passes through the aperture and supports a sweep-contacting end above the surface of the wedge support. The end is biased toward a contact area on the sweep to engage the area and eliminate sweep loss problems by preventing the sweep from slipping downwardly from the mounted position. To remove the sweep, a tool is inserted through the slot to depress the retainer end, and the sweep is forced off the wedge support. A raised area on the sweep directs soil away from the retainer and contact area to reduce wear and eliminate depression of the end during operation. The underside of the raised area positions the wire end and provides bend-resisting support for the wire.

Abstract: Sweep retaining structure includes a spring wire retainer with a base supported in a groove on the underside of the wedge support which mates with a stem portion of the sweep. The wedge support is apertured, and a central curved portion of the retainer passes through the aperture and supports a sweep-contacting end above the surface of the wedge support. The end is biased toward a contact area on the sweep to engage the area and eliminate sweep loss problems by preventing the sweep from slipping downwardly from the mounted position. To remove the sweep, a tool is inserted through the slot to depress the retainer end, and the sweep is forced off the wedge support. A raised area on the sweep directs soil away from the retainer and contact area to reduce wear and eliminate depression of the end during operation. The underside of the raised area positions the wire end and provides bend-resisting support for the wire.

Abstract: A novel solution for changing sweeps or knives on a cultivator or other soil working tool is the subject matter of the present invention. In today's farming world, where labor is at a premium and time is of the essence, a sole operator or farmer in preparing the fields for planting, summer fallow or other operations will sometimes need to change the sweeps or knives which till the ground several times for different crops or operations. The novel invention herein provides for an apparatus for quickly removing the sweeps (2) on cultivator shanks and replacing them with other soil openers of different width or configuration. A simple press button (7) releases the sweep (2) from an adapter bolted to a standard cultivator shank. The present invention eliminates the problem of sweeps falling off shanks due to lack of friction or difficulty in removing sweeps because of over friction.

Abstract: A mounting assembly for a shank including a shank holder having a passage for receiving the shank, the passage having at one end opposite tapering surfaces which define with the leading edge of the shank opposite tapering spaces for receiving wedge members. Bolts are provided between the wedging members and holder to urge the wedging members longitudinally of the passage to wedge the shank in a selected position relative to the holder.

Abstract: A seed bed packer including a frame, a plurality of wheels connected to the frame, and a soil packing element. The packer also includes a spring shank for transferring weight from the frame to the soil packing element. The spring shank includes a first leg connected to the frame and a second leg connected to the soil packing element. When weight is transferred through the spring shank to the packing element, the first and second legs flex toward one another. The spring shanks are capable of distributing the weight of the frame between the wheels and the packing element, while concurrently providing sufficient flexibility to allow the packing element generally uniformly pack the soil, even over rough terrain.

Abstract: Removable universal tool-holder for mounting on a straddling vineyard tractor for agricultural work in tree or shrub plantations includes a main coupling chassis constructed so that it can be mounted, in a removable manner, on a straddling vineyard tractor; two secondary coupling chassis, each provided with a universal three-point hitch system; mechanisms connecting each secondary coupling chassis to the main coupling chassis; and mechanisms that make it possible to move each secondary coupling chassis in a vertical or approximately vertical plane and, preferably, in a horizontal or approximately horizontal plane. It is understood that the universal tool-holder can support machines constructed to accomplish cultivation or treatment work such as: hoeing, mowing, plowing, harrowing, spraying, thinning out leaves, pruning, lopping, etc.