Abstract: A rock processing machine having functional units and a control panel that switches the rock processing machine, in a starting switching operation and, in a stopping switching operation. The control panel includes a plurality of state switching elements with which, for at least one functional unit, a state transition is associated in such a way that actuation of the state switching element on the functional unit brings about a state transition. A first set of switching elements participates in the starting switching operation, and a second set of switching elements, participates in the stopping switching operation; each set being arranged in a visually perceptible spatial arrangement that corresponds to a predetermined actuation sequence.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method for analyzing target compounds from a fluid or dried biological sample by using a microfluidic sample device including a hollow cartridge and an absorbent body unit.

Abstract: A liquid treatment system, in particular for concentrating milk, and method therefor. The system includes an inlet configured to receive fresh raw milk; and a pressure vessel connected to the inlet. The pressure vessel is provided with a pressure system configured to realize a pressure of at least 10 bar in the pressure vessel. A reverse osmosis membrane is included for filtering the raw milk. A pump is provided for pumping the raw milk under pressure out of the pressure vessel and through or along the reverse osmosis membrane. A permeate outlet is provided for the separated water and a milk outlet is provided for the concentrated milk.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to compositions and methods of preparing a shelf-stable, plant-based, gluten-free dough (e.g., cookie dough) that can be stored in non-refrigerated conditions for a prolonged period without the need for time and/or temperature controls. Shelf stability is achieved based on the disclosure of compounds that have desired low moisture content and such that the dough, and methods of making the dough, regulate the water activity and pH to levels at which microbial growth is minimized or is otherwise prevented. The dough can use all-natural, organic, plant-based, and/or vegan ingredients to be devoid of preservatives and to be part of a healthy, balanced diet. Other aspects of the present disclosure, including various combinations of ingredients used and their relative proportions and ratios, and methods for combining the ingredients, are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of water includes an elongated housing having a first end and a second end. The first end has a water inlet and the second end has a water outlet. An elongated ultraviolet radiation source with a sleeve is concentrically located within the elongated housing. The elongated ultraviolet radiation source has, at its first end, electrical connections, which extend through the second end of the housing and have a second free end held in a support element. The support element includes a supporting structure containing a ring element and from thereon radially inwardly running arms. The arms are designed in such a way that during assembly the arms are resiliently deformed and wherein, if assembled, the arms are pressed against the sleeve, so that the free end of the ultraviolet radiation source is held by the arms in a resilient manner.

Abstract: A candle blowing device for assisting a person in generating a strong airflow stream while also providing a filter to minimize the spread of germs emanating from the mouth of the person during blowing. The blowing device includes a plurality of body sections forming a mouthpiece, a hollow body, a nozzle, filter media and a shelf configured on one of the plurality of body sections between the mouthpiece and the nozzle for securing the filter media.

Abstract: A mobile processing system is disclosed for the removal of radioactive contaminants from nuclear process waste water. The system is fully scalable, modular, and portable allowing the system to be fully customizable according the site-specific remediation requirements. It is designed to be both transported and operated from standard sized intermodal containers or custom designed enclosures for increased mobility between sites and on-site, further increasing the speed and ease with which the system may be deployed. Additionally, the system is completely modular wherein the various different modules perform different forms or stages of waste water remediation and may be connected in parallel and/or in series. Depending on the needs of the particular site, one or more different processes may be used. In some embodiments, one or more of the same modules may be used in the same operation.

Abstract: A filter unit, or more specifically, a filter box for a chip conveyor for conveying cutting chips that are produced in the operation of a machine tool, such as a lathe or the like. More specifically, the exemplary filter unit has at least one internally located brush that is used for removing different types of chips contained in a coolant fluid and/or cutting oil used in machine tools during metal working through mechanical brushing and jolting the surface of the filtration element(s) of the filter unit. A chip conveyor and a method of filtering cutting fluid in a filtering chip conveyor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A filtered drinking straw for providing on demand filtered drinking water is presented herein. The straw includes an elongated body defining a first end, a second end and an internal passage disposed there between. At least one filter is positioned within the internal passage of the body for reducing an amount of impurities that may be contained in the fluid as the fluid flows there through. The filter may include a core with a mix of granulated materials such as activated granulated carbon, chlorine grain, and zeolite. One or more retention structures may also be provided for retaining the filter within the body of the straw. The retention structure(s) include one or more internal projections, a mouth cap and/or end cap.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to remove or reduce iodine contained in a marine natural product extract, while maintaining the original flavor, taste, appearance, etc. of the marine natural product extract before processing. A first anion exchange membrane (5) and a second anion exchange membrane (6) are sequentially arranged from the anode (3) side. Between the anion exchange membranes (5, 6), an extract receiving compartment (9) is formed and fed with a marine natural product extract (21). An iodine recovery compartment (8) is formed on the anode side of the first anion exchange membrane (5). A replenisher receiving compartment (10) is formed on the cathode side of the second anion exchange membrane (6) and fed with a replenisher containing chlorine ions (24).

Abstract: Systems, methods, and compositions for removing organophosphate toxins from blood are disclosed herein. The compositions include a lipid-based capture particle that displays BChE that binds to the toxin. The methods include acoustically separating toxins bound to lipid-based capture particles from blood factors of whole blood.

Abstract: An energy recovery apparatus usable in a seawater desalination system. The energy recovery apparatus includes a plurality of chambers to pressurize the seawater by pressure energy of the concentrated seawater by supply and discharging the concentrated seawater and the seawater, a first flowmeter for integrating a flow rate of the seawater or the concentrated seawater which flows into the chamber, a second flowmeter for integrating a flow rate of the seawater or the concentrated seawater discharged from the chamber, a switching valve in each of the chambers to switch the inflow and the discharge of the concentrated seawater, and a controller to control the respective switching valves of the chambers on the basis of integrated flow rate of the chamber obtained from the flow rate of the flowmeter. The controller inputs a single input signal to the respective switching valves of the chambers to control the respective switching valves.

Abstract: A protective device for use with a cover for a swimming pool; said protective device comprising: a pad having an upper surface, a lower surface, an interior peripheral edge and an exterior peripheral edge; wherein said paid has a width extending between the interior and exterior peripheral edges; and a thickness extending between the upper and lower surfaces; and wherein the pad is adapted to be positioned between a coping adjacent an edge of a pool and a bottom surface of the cover; and a plurality of air spaces defined in the pad and which enable air or water to flow through the pad. The pad grips the coping and remains in place without additional securement.

Abstract: A dip tube includes a main dip tube section and a plurality of input sections. Each input section in the plurality of input sections includes a reservoir region capped by a hydrophilic membrane. The plurality of input sections are joined to the main dip tube section at a junction.

Abstract: A carburetor draining system for safe and convenient draining. A vessel posterior end of a vessel is disposed against a carburetor body. A vessel base is disposed against a vessel anterior end. A base aperture is disposed on the vessel base. A stem posterior portion of a drain stem is disposed inside the vessel chamber and a stem anterior portion protrudes from the base aperture. A drain port disposed through the stem posterior portion intersects a drain channel disposed inside the stem anterior portion. A locking mechanism secures the vessel to the carburetor body. A valve body of a valve is removeably disposed inside the drain channel. A first seal on the valve body is pressed against an interior surface of the drain channel. A second seal is disposed on a valve stem. A valve handle moves the valve into a closed position or an open position for draining.

Abstract: A hydrogen purification device including a container, a first opening structure and a second opening structure is provided. The container has at least a filter material inside. The first opening structure is disposed in the container, wherein hydrogen-rich gas mixture flows into the container via the first opening structure so that purified hydrogen gas is generated by conducting a reaction between the hydrogen-rich gas mixture and the filter material. Besides, a second opening structure is disposed in the container, wherein the purified hydrogen gas flows away from the container via the second opening structure. A fuel processor having the hydrogen purification device is also provided.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure include a portable liquid filtration system for providing a user with filtered liquid from a non-filtered source. The system may include a drinking conduit extending from a housing, the housing having a liquid entrance port at an end of the housing distal from the drinking conduit, and at least one organic filter and at least one chemical filter positioned within the housing. The filters may include charcoal containers, iodine-treated sieves, carbon filters, an untreated sieve, and a hexafluoro alcohol treated sieve. When non-filtered liquid is drawn into the liquid entrance port, through the housing, and to the drinking conduit, the liquid may pass through all of the filters, resulting in the liquid being filtered when it reaches the drinking conduit. The system may also include at least one solar panel attached to a UV light positioned within the liquid entrance port.

Abstract: A process for continuously producing hydrogen-containing water for drinking includes (a) filtering and purifying water as a raw material; (b) degassing the purified water supplied to a degasser; (c) dissolving hydrogen gas in the degassed water supplied to a hydrogen dissolution device; (d) sterilizing the hydrogen-dissolved water supplied to a sterilizer; (e) filling the hydrogen-containing water supplied to a filling device in a sealed container and transferring the filled water product to a heat sterilizer; and (f) heat-sterilizing the water product supplied to the heat sterilizer, wherein part of the hydrogen-containing water obtained in step (d) is returned to the degasser in step (b) and the water is circulated through steps (b) to (d).

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of a liquid comprising includes a chamber having at least one inner surface. The chamber is at least 80 percent enclosed. The apparatus also includes an ultraviolet (UV) transmissive tube and the UV transmissive tube disposed within the chamber and adapted for the passage of the liquid therethrough. The apparatus further includes an UV lamp and the UV lamp being disposed within the UV transmissive tube. A reflective material is interspersed between the chamber and the transmissive tube, and the reflective material is adapted so as to reflect at least a portion of light emitted by the UV lamp. Additionally, the reflective material is at least 80 percent reflective.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and compositions for removing organophosphate toxins from blood are disclosed herein. The compositions include a lipid-based capture particle that displays BChE that binds to the toxin. The methods include acoustically separating toxins bound to lipid-based capture particles from blood factors of whole blood.

Abstract: A filter assembly for a water treatment system includes a first end cap and a second end cap that secure about the ends of a filter. A central member extends through a central void in the filter. The filter assembly has corresponding non-adhesive locking mechanisms that interact to secure the filter assembly together. Two gaskets may sandwich the filter and a reflector may be positioned within the central member. An ultraviolet lamp may also be positioned within the central member.

Abstract: One embodiment can be an apparatus for contacting a first liquid and a second liquid. The apparatus can include a vessel, which in turn, may include at least one wall, a first member, and a funnical frustum. The at least one wall can form a perimeter about an interior space. Also, the first member can be positioned within the interior space and form a plurality of passageways. Each passageway may be bordered by a first side and a second side from an outer region to an interior surface of the first member. Generally, the funnical frustum is positioned downstream of the first member to facilitate a swirling of at least one of the first and second liquids.

Abstract: A filter module comprising a pressure pipe and a membrane disposed therein, having connections for a fluid to be fed, preferably untreated water, and for filtrate and retentate to be discharged, characterized by a functional/connection unit which is fastened in one end of the pressure pipe and has an upper part and a lower part, wherein all of the connections are provided on the upper part, and flow ducts which are in communication with the connections pass through the lower part, wherein the pressure pipe and the membrane have provided thereinbetween an open annular space through which the fed fluid flows to the bottom side of the membrane, and wherein the pressure pipe has a closed bottom.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a process is described for a water treatment process in which water produced from a fuel production process is treated with recycled biochar. In accordance with one aspect, process water is passed through activated carbon generated by the biomass pyrolysis and gasification. In accordance with another aspect, the process water is treated to expel gaseous compounds within the process water. In this manner both inorganics, light organics and heavy organics can be removed from the process water. No fermentation is involved.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention relates to a filtration apparatus comprising a tubular inorganic porous membrane and a light source disposed within the lumen of the membrane for use in, for example, enhancing oxidation of organic molecules and enhancing foulant removal. In one aspect, the invention relates to a filtration apparatus comprising a tubular porous membrane and a displacement body disposed within the lumen of the membrane. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Abstract: A filtration and monitoring system. An inlet pipe provides fluid to a filter block chamber and has an inlet valve located therein configured to shut off the flow of the fluid through the inlet pipe. A filtered fluid conduit fluidically connects the filter block with the monitoring device. The outlet axis of the outlet pipe in the filter chamber is offset from the inlet axis of the inlet pipe such that the fluid undergoes a change of direction while passing through the filter block chamber thereby causing turbulent flow within the filter block chamber to reduce the buildup of filter cake on the filter element. Closing the inlet valve block, results in a back-flushing flow of fluid through the filter element from a pressure accumulator located in the filtered fluid conduit.

Abstract: Methods and systems for treating material with focused acoustic energy and/or ultraviolet radiation are described. Sample material may be provided to a single batch vessel or may flow in a continuous or intermittent fashion into/out of a processing chamber within which the material is exposed to focused acoustic energy and/or ultraviolet radiation. Exposure to focused acoustics in a flow through environment may enhance the effects of the radiation on the sample material. Further, in flow-through or single batch arrangements, sample material may be retained exterior to or within a processing chamber by one or more retaining members (e.g., filter, valve, etc.) until a characteristic of the sample material reaches one or more particular criteria (e.g., physical, chemical, biological). Once the criteria of the sample material is attained (e.g., via further treatment), the material is then permitted to flow past the retaining member(s) and through the inlet or outlet of the chamber.

Abstract: A filtration system and filtration unit are disclosed herein. The filtration system can include an aquarium and the filtration unit. The filtration unit can attach to the aquarium. The filtration unit can include a pump that circulates water through the filtration unit and a plurality of chambers. The plurality of chambers of the filtration unit can include a sterilization chamber, a pre-filtration chamber, and a root chamber. The sterilization chamber can include a sterilization feature that sterilizes the water circulating through the filtration unit, the pre-filtration chamber can remove large objects from the water, and the root chamber can contain a root network of a plant.

Abstract: A filter outer cylinder container is a hollow container, and a filter medium is mounted in the container. Fluid passage holes, opened in a side surface member of the filter outer cylinder container, are located at or above a fixed height from a bottom portion of the filter outer cylinder container, whereby a machining liquid is stored in the filter outer cylinder container, so that the filter medium can be always submerged in the machining liquid.

Abstract: A shower filter between a downwardly slanting shower arm and a shower head, including a base, and a vertical housing with filler material. The base has an input chamber for receiving water from the shower arm, and an output chamber from which water may be discharged to the shower head. The housing is secured at its bottom end to the base and has a first port communicating with the base input chamber and a second port communicating with the base output chamber. A tube carries water from the housing first port to the top end of the housing, where it is diffused before passing down through the filter material and second port to the output chamber. A fragrant block is mounted to the base.

Abstract: A water filtration system with power generating capability includes a membrane that receives relatively hot water on a dirty side, purifies the hot water, and transmits it to a clean side having relatively cold purified water. The system further includes at least one thermoelectric element coupled to the membrane that absorbs thermal energy from the dirty side and emits thermal energy into the clean side to generate electrical power. The system further includes at least one conductor electrically coupled to the at least one thermoelectric element that channels generated electrical power away from the at least one thermoelectric element.

Abstract: A water purifier that includes a housing having an inlet and an outlet opposing each other, a filter disposed in the housing and connected to the inlet to reduce the flow rate of water introduced into the filter from the inlet, a separator disposed in the housing to store water discharged from the filter, a supply conduit disposed in the housing and connected to a central portion of the separator to provide a path through which the water in the separator is drained, and an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) module disposed in the housing to irradiate UV rays toward the water stored in the separator.

Abstract: A filter straw and kit including a backwashing unit for the filter straw. The filter straw generally includes an elongated housing extending between opposite input and output openings. One or more filtering regions and/or other fluid treating regions may be located within and along a portion of the elongated passageway. The filtering and treating regions include filtering screens, activated carbon filters, silver metal treating regions, and ultraviolet light treating regions.

Abstract: Systems for treating biomass for the production of ethanol are disclosed. The systems are configured to treat a liquid component separated from biomass to yield sugars available to be fermented into a fermentation product. The systems comprise a filter configured to remove particulate matter to provide a filtered component and an apparatus configured to remove inhibitors from the filtered liquid component provide a treated liquid component comprising sugars available for fermentation. Methods for treating for treating biomass useful in the production of a fermentation product are also disclosed. The methods include the steps of filtering a liquid component to remove particulate matter thereby yielding a filtered liquid component, and treating the filtered liquid component to remove inhibitors thereby yielding a treated liquid component comprising sugars available to be fermented into a fermentation product.

Abstract: A portable sewage collection system comprising a cubicle with a flushing toilet and a sewage processing system. The sewage processing system is arranged to extract liquid effluent with low turbidity, wherein a portion of the liquid effluent is recycled and used as the flush liquid for the flushing toilet. The sewage collection system being powered by compressed air and being particularly suitable for use in remote locations such as underground mines. The cubicle includes a light that can be activated by a switch to provide light within the cubicle and the cubicle also including a deodorising spray to spray a deodorant into the cubicle to provide a pleasant smell.

Abstract: A purification apparatus comprising a filtration unit comprising filtration screens, a disinfection unit comprising a source of disinfecting light and a passage for filtrate from the filtration unit to the disinfection unit. The filtration unit may be selected from at least one static drum, at least one rotating drum, and at least one filter pack. Louver vanes or baffles may be used in the passage to create turbulence and direct flow. A process for removing particulate matter and disinfecting a process flow comprises the steps of filtering the process flow to remove particulate matter, directing the filtrate to a source of disinfection light while creating turbulence in the filtrate and disinfecting the filtrate.

Abstract: Malaria, caused by the parasite Plasmodium, is a devastating disease killing more than 800,000 people a year worldwide. Plasmodium replicates within erythrocytes by digesting hemoglobin, producing haemozoin as a byproduct which accumulates within the parasite. The development of vaccines is hampered by lack of memory immune response, while the long-term effectiveness of current anti-malaria drugs is limited due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Furthermore, people who are deficient of the enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase exhibit fatally-adverse drug effects. To overcome these hurdles, I propose a novel laserbased, non-pharmacological treatment for malaria. The treatment is based on the ability of haemozoin to convert light in the near infra-red into ultra-violet (UV) radiation via Third Harmonic Generation. The UV light produced by haemozoin can in turn kill the parasite.

Abstract: A field water purification system filter is described. The filter includes a water tight enclosure formed between two layers of a polymeric material, an inlet and an outlet are coupled to the water tight enclosure. A filter envelope including a quantity of filter media is inside the water tight enclosure. The water filter having a minimal thickness when not filled with water. The filter envelope is formed by a first set of bonded segments of the two layers of polymeric material. The filter can also include an outer channel having a first side formed by the water tight enclosure and a second side opposite from the first side. The second side can include a second set of bonded segments of the two layers of polymeric material interspersed with a set of nonbonded segments, the nonbonded segments defining openings in an intermittent barrier between the outer channel and the filter media.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus of treating water to obtain small water cluster, which comprises one or more illumination devices and one or more holders holding metal particles. The invention also provides a method of preparing the small water cluster and the small water cluster prepared from the apparatus or the method.

Abstract: Provided is a reverse osmosis treatment apparatus which decreases operation power by utilizing a back pressure caused by regulating an amount of permeated water. The reverse osmosis treatment apparatus includes a first pressure vessel for a primary treatment of untreated water, and a second pressure vessel for a secondary treatment of the water treated by the primary treatment, wherein a reverse osmosis membrane element having a reverse osmosis membrane or the plurality of reverse osmosis membrane elements are arranged in series along a water collection pipe in the first pressure vessel and the second pressure vessel. The first pressure vessel includes a first outlet pipe which discharges permeated water, and a permeated water flow control valve connected to the first outlet pipe and regulating a pressure in the first pressure vessel. An energy recovery apparatus is provided between the first outlet pipe and the permeated water flow control valve.

Abstract: A biocidal water purification apparatus exposes water to radiation to eliminate viable species. A housing forms a path for water to flow from an inlet to an outlet along a flow path through a treatment zone at which the water is subjected to radiation from a source of radiation, such as beta particles from strontium-90. The exposure to radiation is enhanced using a narrow water flow path lined with the source, especially on oppositely interleaved plates with triangular cross sections, spaced by about 0.25 inch to produce an elongated zigzag path traversed by the water, for example by vertical gravity feed. Additional aspects include other forms of radiation and pre- and post-treatment water treatment or filtration stages and alternatives for continuous, batch and timed-residence water flow management.

Abstract: A liquid purification system is provided. Although not limited to water, the purification system is especially suitable for water. The purification system utilizes a vessel having antimicrobial inner wall load bearing surfaces and/or antimicrobial (antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-mold, etc.) interior non-load bearing surfaces. When the liquid moves within the vessel and contacts the antimicrobial surfaces, the liquid becomes purified or sanitized. The inner wall load bearing surfaces and non-load bearing interior surfaces of the vessel may be manufactured from a host polymer that has antimicrobial organo-metallic additives which form a solid-solution with the host polymer and are distributed homogeneously throughout the host polymer. The host polymer matrix may be an organic material, an inorganic material or an organic-inorganic material blend. The antimicrobial agent polymer matrix may be located in localized zones within the vessel.

Abstract: A process for preparing conventional water sources for providing “ideal state” cellular wellness benefits via topical hydration and natural transdermal, epithelial or epicellular absorption. The invention's process considers preconditioned water sources that have removed solids, dissolved solids, contaminants—both organic and inorganic and subsequently the method purifies the water respective of removing pathogens, and structures the water for cellular uptake in the form of vicinal grade water, with improved characteristics of ideal frequency, cluster size, pH, before safely introducing negative ORP (highly ionized state) to the water structure and organic nutrients or other supplemental pharmaceutical grade organic materials onto the skin or epithelial/epicellular environments surrounding tissue and cells.

Abstract: A fluid filtration apparatus, which includes a plurality of optical fibers each having a length, wherein one or more of the plurality of optical fibers exhibits frustrated total internal reflection, thereby emitting light along the length of one or more of the optical fibers, in combination with a photocatalyst disposed on the plurality of optical fibers and a light source interconnected to the plurality of optical fibers.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for separating mixed organic waste material into liquid and solid components. The apparatus may include an inlet pipe having openings at a bottom portion and top portion thereof; a front plate having an opening, wherein the front plate is connected to the inlet pipe at the inlet pipe opening, such that the front plate opening and inlet pipe opening align; a drum strainer capable of rotational and linear movement; a spindle assembly operatively connected to the drum strainer, wherein the spindle assembly facilitates rotational and linear movement of the drum strainer; a scraper plate fixed to an end portion of a shaft of the spindle assembly; a shroud connected to the spindle assembly, wherein the shroud is spaced apart from and substantially covers the exterior surface of the drum strainer; and wherein the drum strainer is positioned between the front plate and scraper plate.

Abstract: A water distribution system for the distribution of water may include a collection and filtering device to collect and filter water for the water distribution system, a Hydro turbine generator to generate power from the collected water and a storage tank to store water from the Hydro generator.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and compositions for removing organophosphate toxins from blood are disclosed herein. The compositions include a lipid-based capture particle that displays BChE that binds to the toxin. The methods include acoustically separating toxins bound to lipid-based capture particles from blood factors of whole blood.

Abstract: Liquid purifying apparatus integrating a filter assembly and an ultraviolet light disinfection assembly that are suitable for portable water purification are described. A first apparatus includes a container, a cap assembly including a filter removably coupled to a first opening of the container and a disinfection assembly coupled to a second opening of the container and adapted to emit UV light to disinfect liquid in the container. A second apparatus includes upper and lower reservoirs, a filter assembly between the reservoirs, a disinfection assembly coupled to an opening in the lower reservoir and adapted to emit UV light to disinfect liquid in the lower reservoir and a spout in fluid communication with the lower reservoir.

Abstract: A water filtration kettle includes a container unit, a filtering unit, a bactericidal lamp and a power supply module. An interior of the container unit is provided with a water storage chamber and a water purification chamber which is disposed below the water storage chamber. A port is disposed between the water storage chamber and the water purification chamber, allowing the stored water to flow through. The filtering unit is disposed at the port of the container unit, and the bactericidal lamp is disposed at a side of the water purification chamber of the container unit. By the filtering function of the filtering unit and the sterilization function of the bactericidal lamp, the water filtration kettle is both provided with the filtering and sterilization function, allowing a user to consume the drinking water safely.

Abstract: A system for separating liquids from solids comprising an immobilization unit comprising an immobilization vessel containing a bed of magnetizable material and a magnet configured to produce a magnetic field within the immobilization vessel, wherein the immobilization vessel further comprises an immobilization vessel outlet and an immobilization vessel inlet for a fluid comprising liquid and metal-containing particles.