Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for producing carboxylated nanocelluloses. Compared with conventional methods, the methods of the present disclosure are simple and cost-effective in the production of carboxylated (or carboxy) nanocelluloses, in embodiments nanofibers and/or nanowhiskers, directly from raw biomass, including lignocellulose wood, non-wood sources, non-lignocellulose wood, lignocellulose or pure cellulose. The carboxy groups on the surface of nanocellulose thus produced can then be easily modified into functional derivatives such as amide, acetate, ether, ester, etc. The resulting nanocelluloses may be used to form purifying agents and/or filters to remove impurities from wastewater.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reagents for use in deactivating nucleic acids and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oxidative decontamination reagent for removal of the dense radioactive oxide layer on a metal surface, which comprises an oxidizing agent, a metal ion, and an inorganic acid. The oxidative decontamination reagent of the present invention is characteristically prepared by adding a metal ion to the conventional oxidative decontamination reagent containing an oxidizing agent and an inorganic acid. When the oxidative decontamination reagent of the present invention is used, electric potential of the metal parts of the primary system of the nuclear power plant can be regulated as passive potential owing to the added metal ion during the oxidative decontamination of the primary metal part of the nuclear power plant. Therefore, by maintaining electric potential of the metal part as passive potential, local corrosion can be inhibited and at the same time secondary waste can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods of treatment employing compositions comprising alkali metal monochloro (alkali metal) sulfamates. The compositions include bound hypochlorite, which can be released slowly during use, providing a shelf-stable, color-safe, odor-free cleaning (e.g., laundry) composition. The composition may include (a) 1% to about 30% by weight of a bleaching agent selected from the group consisting of sodium monochloro (sodio) sulfamate, potassium monochloro (potassio) sulfamate, lithium monochloro (lithio) sulfamate, and mixtures thereof; (b) 0.1 to about 20% by weight of a metal hydroxide or metal oxide; and (c) wherein the pH of the composition is greater than 11. The compositions can be used to treat a surface by providing stain removal that is at least comparable to a hypochlorite bleach composition while being color-safe without exhibiting any significant hypochlorite bleach odor.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of an N2O-containing ionic liquid as a reagent in a chemical reaction, for example as an oxidising agent.

Abstract: A composition to decommission firearms is presented. The composition comprises a monomer, a quantity of calcium chloride; and sulfur-containing compound. The sulfur containing compound includes sodium persulfate and/or sodium thiosulfate.

Abstract: Inhalation of low levels of nitric oxide can rapidly and safely decrease pulmonary hypertension in mammals. Precise delivery of nitric oxide at therapeutic levels of 20 to 100 ppm and inhibition of reaction of nitric oxide with oxygen to form toxic impurities such as nitrogen dioxide can provide effective inhalation therapy for pulmonary hypertension.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new cure accelerator systems for anaerobic curable compositions. These anaerobic cure systems include tetraalkyl ammonium oxidizing salts that are soluble in the (meth)acrylate component of the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to bleach catalysts containing a manganese compound and oxalic acid, or the salt or derivatives thereof. The presence of the oxalic acid reinforces the action of the manganese compound as a bleach catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to materials for the decontamination of fluids and methods of use thereof. The material and methods find applications in the decontamination of intermediates, chemical contaminants, a biological contaminants, wastewater, industrial effluents, municipal or domestic effluents, agrochemicals, herbicides and/or pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A treated oxidizing agent is provided according to the invention. The treated oxidizing agent includes an oxidizing agent that is solid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and a chemical barrier composition provided on the oxidizing agent. The chemical barrier composition includes a hydrocarbon component having about 10 to about 85 carbon atoms, and wherein the chemical barrier composition is provided as a liquid at 25° C. A solid detergent composition is provided including the treated oxidizing agent. Methods for manufacturing are provided.

Abstract: The main purpose of the present invention is to provide solid-chemical compositions and methods and means for their use which specifically: (1) provide for a sustained release of active oxygen and complex inorganic phosphates; and (2) create, enhance, and maintain oxidizing and aerobic conditions which favor non-exothermic, chemical-oxidation processes and aerobic bioremediation and fungal bioremediation processes. The present invention discloses advanced solid-chemical compositions and methods for the non-exothermic chemical oxidation and aerobic and fungal biodegradation of organic compounds and certain inorganic contaminants which may be present in solid and liquid wastes, sludges, leachates, acid-mine drainages, waste waters, soils, sediments, ground waters, surface waters, and other environmental media.

Abstract: The invention provides a bleach composition or a dye composition for hair which, during use, includes a mixture of a first composition containing an alkali agent and a second composition containing an oxidizing agent, the bleach or dye composition containing (A) an organic solvent having a partition coefficient (octanol-water) (log P) at 25° C. of 0.3-6 and a molecular weight of 200 or less, in an amount of 1-70 wt. %; (B) an organic solvent having a log P of less than 0.3, in an amount of 0-8 wt. % and less than that of component (A); (C) an alkali agent in an amount of 0.1-10 wt. %; (D) an oxidizing agent in an amount of 0.1-12 wt. % as reduced to H2O2; and (E) water in an amount of 20-70 wt. %, or (A) in an amount of 1-70 wt. %; (B) in an amount of 0-8 wt. % and less than that of component (A); (C) in an amount of 0.1-10 wt. %; (D) in an amount of 0.1-12 wt. % as reduced to H2O2; (E) in an amount of 20-70 wt. %, and (F) a cationic surfactant in an amount of 0.01-10 wt. %, and has a pH of 7.

Abstract: Calcium nitrate, which is known to have the effect of inhibiting elution of phosphorus contained as insoluble substance in sludge in rivers, lakes and coasts in a reducing environment, can be applied not by injection of an aqueous solution of calcium nitrate, but by putting it in a solid form. An agent for inhibiting elution of phosphorus is proposed which comprises calcium nitrate as the major component (10-30%), calcium carbonate or calcium sulfate (a total of 50-90%), and stearic acid or its salt (1-20%) as a hydrophobic substance for delaying elution of the calcium salt, and sucrose fatty acid isobutyl or paraoxy isobutyl benzoate (1-20%) as a binder, and the composition is pressed in a mold into tablets or briquette. The application into sludge by use of an air gun is preferable.

Abstract: An oxidized comprising a double salt represented by the chemical formula: M(NO3)inNH4NO3. M is a metal element forming a nitrate salt usually containing water of crystallization, i is a numerical value corresponding to the valency of the metal element M, and n is a molar number from 1 to 20. Mixing a metal nitrate containing water of crystallization with ammonium nitrate , and, further drying produces the above-mentioned double salt.

Abstract: The invention provides a bleach composition or a dye composition for hair which, during use, includes a mixture of a first composition containing an alkali agent and a second composition containing an oxidizing agent, the bleach or dye composition containing (A) an organic solvent having a partition coefficient (octanol-water) (log P) at 25° C. of 0.3-6 and a molecular weight of 200 or less, in an amount of 1-70 wt. %; (B) an organic solvent having a log P of less than 0.3, in an amount of 0-8 wt. % and less than that of component (A); (C) an alkali agent in an amount of 0.1-10 wt. %; (D) an oxidizing agent in an amount of 0.1-12 wt. % as reduced to H2O2; and (E) water in an amount of 20-70 wt. %, or (A) in an amount of 1-70 wt. %; (B) in an amount of 0-8 wt. % and less than that of component (A); (C) in an amount of 0.1-10 wt. %; (D) in an amount of 0.1-12 wt. % as reduced to H2O2; (E) in an amount of 20-70 wt. %, and (F) a cationic surfactant in an amount of 0.01-10 wt. %, and has a pH of 7.

Abstract: Stable biocide formulations containing oxidizing bromine are provided for biofouling control in industrial water systems. The formulations contain at least one stable oxidizing bromine compound that is prepared from at least one oxidizing chemical reagent, at least one bromine source and at least one bromine or halogen stabilizer. The resulting products are a mixture of stable oxidizing bromine compounds that can be used as a biocide in an industrial water system.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an oxidizing composition of agglutinated particles comprising an alkali metal permanganate, a binder/coating agent of an alkali metal silicate and/or alkali metal aluminate and a filler such as clay, diatomaceous earth, talc, ground silica or zeolites. The invention also is directed to an oxidizing kit which includes a pervious container and the oxidizing composition. The invention also is directed to a method of oxidizing waste materials with the kit in a substantially aqueous moving fluid stream.

Abstract: Solid gas generant compositions produce low particulates (e.g., condensed ash) when ignited. The solid gas generant compositions most preferably include a nitramine, at least one oxidizer selected from nitrates of strontium or cerium, in admixture with or without potassium perchlorate, and a binder. Graphite may optionally be employed. The gas generant compositions are usefully employed in inflatable vehicle occupant passive restraint systems (e.g., air bag systems).

Abstract: A gas generating composition comprising ammonium nitrate and a non-toxic metal oxide which reduces the pressure exponent and enables the composition to sustain combustion at or near atmospheric pressure, thereby improving combustion efficiency. The composition is useful for various purposes, such as inflating a vehicle occupant restraint, i.e., an air bag for an automotive vehicle or aircraft, as well as aircraft escape chutes or the like.