Abstract: A two stage evaporative cooling device has a central chamber, divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a divider. one or more heat exchange units surrounding the central chamber; an upper fan arranged above the upper chamber and a lower fan arranged below the lower chamber; and a water circuit; wherein each heat exchange unit comprises an evaporative cooling element and an air to water pre-cooler, the pre-cooler being placed ahead of a lower portion of the cooling element and the water circuit is arranged to irrigate the cooling element and collect the irrigated water below the cooling element for delivery to the pre-cooler whereby pre-cooled air may be drawn inwardly through the pre-cooler and the lower part of the cooling element by the lower fan and ambient air may be drawn inwardly through the upper part of the cooling element by the upper fan.

Abstract: A cam system for an assistive device and related methods are disclosed. The cam system may comprise a cam profile and a cam follower. The cam profile has a curved outer edge comprising a concave portion. The cam follower is positioned within the concave portion when the assistive device is in an equilibrium position. The assistive device may further comprise a spring that deflects in response to a force applied by the cam system. The assistive device may have a sliding element to adjust the stiffness of the spring in deflection. The assistive device may take the form of a prosthesis or an orthosis.

Abstract: The invention provides a sensor device which comprises an input flow channel (10) for receiving a gas flow with entrained matter to be sensed. A thermophoretic arrangement (14a, 14b) is used to induce a thermophoretic particle movement from a first, warmer, region (16) of the input flow channel to a second, cooler, region (18) of the input flow channel (10). A sensor (24) comprises a particle sensor component at or downstream of the first region (16) of the input flow channel (10). The invention provides the benefit of pre-filtering (e.g. removal of most suspended solids/liquids) without the need for a physical filter that can become blocked.

Abstract: A module for a thermal power plant for condensing expelled vapors and cooling turbine effluent from the drained turbine includes a first unit designed to condense expelled vapors as well as a second unit designed to cool the turbine effluent, condensate from the first unit being transferable to the second unit.

Abstract: A humidifier for a fuel cell includes a connection hose part connected to an air inlet of a fuel cell stack. A humidifier port part is coupled to an inner peripheral surface of the connection hose part and connects the connection hose part to an air outlet of a humidifier housing. A condensate collection part is coupled to an upper portion of the humidifier port part so that a condensate collection space is defined between an outer peripheral surface of the condensate collection part and the inner peripheral surface of the connection hose part.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section. An evaporative liquid is downwardly distributed onto the indirect section to indirectly exchange sensible heat with a hot fluid stream flowing within a series of enclosed circuits which comprise the indirect evaporative heat exchange section. An ideal flow rate for such evaporative liquid is between 2.0 and 4.0 gallons per minute per square foot of top surface area of the indirect heat exchange section.

Abstract: The present invention provides a humidifying unit, a humidification method, and a humidification system, whereby the efficiency of diffusing water vapor into the air, the absorption amount (absolute humidity), and the water supply utilization can be enhanced.

Abstract: Condensing apparatuses and their use in various heat and mass exchange systems are generally described. The condensing apparatuses, such as bubble column condensers, may employ a heat exchanger positioned external to the condensing vessel to remove heat from a bubble column condenser outlet stream to produce a heat exchanger outlet stream. In certain cases, the condensing apparatus may also include a cooling device positioned external to the vessel configured and positioned to remove heat from the heat exchanger outlet stream to produce a cooling device outlet stream. The condensing apparatus may be configured to include various internal features, such as a vapor distribution region and/or a plurality of liquid flow control weirs and/or chambers within the apparatus having an aspect ratio of at least 1.5. A condensing apparatus may be coupled with a humidifier to form part of a desalination system, in certain cases.

Abstract: A liquid vaporizer includes a first housing having a liquid-supplied surface to which a chemical solution is supplied, a heater, a mesh, a first holder and a second holder attached to the outer edge portions of the mesh, the outer edge portions opposing each other in a direction of spreading of the mesh, first cover bolts, stems supported by the first housing so as to be movable along a specific direction inclined with respect to the liquid-supplied surface, second cover bolts, coil springs biasing the stems along the specific direction and bring the mesh into intimate contact with the liquid-supplied surface, and a lid member covering the mesh from a side of the liquid-supplied surface to seal a space around the liquid-supplied surface with the first housing.

Abstract: Cooling performance of a cooler for pre-cooling humid gas supplied to a gas turbine power generation plant, etc. is improved by increasing heat transfer efficiency between the humid gas and cooling liquid flowing in heat exchanger tubes with utilization of condensed liquid generated due to the cooling of the humid gas. In a heat exchanger for cooling humid gas a flowing surrounding heat exchanger tubes 8 of the tube groups 9a and 9b by flowing cooling liquid r in the tubes, the liquid droplets cl generated by condensation of moisture contained in the humid gas are gathered and sprinkled or fallen in drops on a part of the heat exchanger tube group 9b, which results in increased heat exchange efficiency.

Abstract: Provided is a forced evaporative humidifier using nano-vapor, which includes: a housing having an exhaust port formed in an upper surface thereof and a suction port formed at one side of a front surface thereof; a water tank located below the suction port to store water; an injection unit having an injection nozzle located above the suction port, a pump for pulling up the water in the water tank to the injection nozzle, and a transfer tube for transferring the water pulled by the pump; a blowing fan located above the injection nozzle to carry air toward the exhaust port of the housing; a humidifying unit located below the injection nozzle so that films, each having a body surface formed to allow the water injected from the injection nozzle to flow and a plurality of tube-type spacers protruding on the body surface, are stacked in a lateral direction therein; and an eliminator located between the blowing fan and the injection nozzle to prevent water drops included in a humid air humidified by the humidifying u

Abstract: In some embodiments, a humidification system includes a heater base having a heater plate, a humidification chamber, and circuit. The circuit can include various conduits, including an inspiratory conduit, expiratory conduit, Y-piece, patient conduit, and/or dry conduit. In use, the chamber contains a quantity of liquid. The heater base heats the heater plate, which in turn heats the liquid to a temperature that causes at least some of the liquid to become vapor, thereby humidifying the gases within the chamber. The gas is delivered to the patient via the inspiratory conduit. Various features can help control the system and ensure the patient receives gases having the desired conditions. These features can be used individually or in various combinations and subcombinations both in existing humidification systems and improved systems for respiratory humidification, laparoscopy, and other purposes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modular flow system comprising a plurality of frame elements which can be combined by means of welded web structures to various stacks comprising in each case at least two, in particular at least ten frame elements, in order to form different functional units such as in particular a membrane distillation stage, a steam generator, a condenser, a heat exchanger, a filter and/or a pervaporation stage. The frame elements according to the invention comprise in each case an outer frame provided with passage openings and vapor and/or fluid channels as well as a central inner region surrounded by the outer frame. Moreover, each frame element is provided on both sides with a welded web structure that delimits, on the one hand, the region comprising the passage openings and the central inner region and, on the other hand, at least two regions, each comprising a vapor and/or fluid channel.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method for concentrating a solution. The system includes a humidification device and a solution flow path for flow of a solution to be concentrated to the humidification device. The humidification device includes humidification media to facilitate evaporation of liquid from the solution to be concentrated to gas as the solution to be concentrated passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution. The method includes flowing a solution to be concentrated along a flow path to a humidification device including humidification media, flowing a gas through the humidification media, and flowing the solution to be concentrated through the humidification media. There is evaporation of liquid from the solution to the gas as the solution passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution and producing a humidified gas. The solution to be concentrated may be salt water and the gas may be air.

Abstract: The present application provides a beverage dispenser for mixing a flow of concentrate, a flow of water, and a flow of gas. The beverage dispenser may include a carbonator with a water input in communication with the flow of water, a gas input in communication with the flow of gas, a carbonated water output, and a chilling reservoir in communication with the flow of water, and a dispensing nozzle in communication with the flow of concentrate and a flow of carbonated water from the carbonated water output of the carbonator.

Abstract: A personal vapor inhaling unit is disclosed. An electronic flameless vapor inhaler unit t may simulate a cigarette. A flow of electrical power may be coupled through solderless pressure contacts to activate a heating element. When the unit is activated, and the user provides suction, the liquid to be vaporized may be vaporized by an atomizer assembly. Vapors may then be aspirated by the user through an oral aspiration tube, where they may be inhaled.

Abstract: A method of reducing the amount of cooling energy required to heat and cool a building is provided. The method includes disposing a porous insulating material in the exterior walls and substantially covering the ceiling in the attic space of the building to a substantial depth. The porous insulating material includes a desiccant. The method further includes permitting the desiccant—bearing porous insulating material to adsorb water moisture from the attic space and then permitting the adsorbed water moisture to desorb from the desiccant—bearing porous insulating material into the enclosed room of the building, resulting in a reduction in the amount of energy required to heat and cool the building.

Abstract: An air conditioner including a humidifier and an air conditioning system. The humidifier is modularized within the air conditioner so that the air conditioner performs humidifying together with air conditioning. Further, the humidifier may be linked in operation to the air conditioner.

Abstract: A firearm cooling apparatus includes an apparatus housing having a housing interior; at least one vent opening in the apparatus housing and communicating with the housing interior; a fan in the housing interior adjacent to the at least one vent opening; a fan motor drivingly engaging the fan; a source of electrical current disposed in electrical communication with the fan motor; a switch disposed in electrical communication with the fan motor and the source of electrical current; a tubing connector rotatably carried by the apparatus housing; and an elongated, bendable, flexible and resilient cooling tube disposed in pneumatic communication with the housing interior through the tubing connector and having an air discharge end opposite the tubing connector.

Abstract: A modified carburetor allows the fuel and air input ratio to be adjusted by varying the opening sizes in the carburetor. After the proper air opening size is determined and set, the fuel jet setting can be adjusted for cold starts and/or to fine tune the engine. The air opening setting may remain the same, regardless of engine speed. This allows the engine to create a vacuum of near zero to five inches of mercury or more, depending on the speed of the engine. A small air input opening setting may be used for the engine to create this vacuum. The higher the vacuum created, the better the fuel efficiency. The fuel from the modified carburetor then flows through a heated evaporator chamber that maintains this vacuum. This enhances and completes the evaporation process as the fuel passes through and over metal shavings toward the engine.

Abstract: A system and a method for the production and provision of CO2 gas is disclosed. A sealable chamber is equipped with heating means and when sodium bicarbonate is placed in it and heated to its decomposition temperature CO2 gas is released. The released gas is conveyed into liquid within a container and when the pressure of the gas in the container raises more and more CO2 gas is dissolved. The heating may he done by conduction mechanism or by induction mechanism. The sodium bicarbonate or any other material including carbon dioxide may be disposed in powder or solid form. I may be disposed in thin envelope case.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diaphragm carburetor wherein heat transferred from the engine to the carburetor through the insulator is reduced to lower the temperature of the carburetor unit and reduce the occurrence of bubbles in the fuel. The carburetor of the present invention is a diaphragm carburetor in which a fuel channel that extends from a pump chamber of the carburetor to a constant-pressure fuel chamber is divided into two branches to form one branch as a main fuel channel connected to the constant-pressure fuel chamber, and the other branch as a fuel circulation channel for passing the fuel through the body side surface of the carburetor on the insulator side, or the body side surface of the insulator on the carburetor side, causing the fuel to make a circuit around the carburetor, and returning the fuel to the fuel tank.

Abstract: A liquid vaporizer includes a first housing having a liquid-supplied surface to which a chemical solution is supplied, a heater, a mesh, a first holder and a second holder attached to the outer edge portions of the mesh, the outer edge portions opposing each other in a direction of spreading of the mesh, first cover bolts, stems supported by the first housing so as to be movable along a specific direction inclined with respect to the liquid-supplied surface, second cover bolts, coil springs biasing the stems along the specific direction and bring the mesh into intimate contact with the liquid-supplied surface, and a lid member covering the mesh from a side of the liquid-supplied surface to seal a space around the liquid-supplied surface with the first housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling apparatus, especially for cryogenically preserving biological samples, comprising a duct (5) for delivering a coolant (3) to a cooling chamber (1), a heater (6) that has an adjustable first heating performance (P2) for heating the coolant (3) delivered to the cooling chamber (1), a first temperature sensor (8-10) for measuring the temperature (T2-T4) in the cooling chamber (1), a second temperature sensor (7) for measuring the temperature (T1) of the coolant (3) delivered to the cooling chamber (1), and a regulator (11) for regulating the temperature. Said regulator (11) is embodied as a multiple regulator which detects several temperatures (T1-T4) as control variables and/or adjusts several heating performances (P1, P2) as manipulated variables. The invention further relates to a corresponding operating method.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for an apparatus for recovering exhaust energy. The apparatus is generally provided with a waste energy stream inlet for directing an incoming waste heat energy stream from a waste energy stream generator, a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the waste energy stream inlet, a waste energy stream outlet distal from the waste energy stream inlet, a recycled energy stream outlet operatively connected and in fluid communication with said air flow that receives heat, and collecting means.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for humidifying a gas stream. Methods for providing a humidified gas stream comprise providing a dry gas, directing the dry gas to a humidification device, humidifying the dry gas to provide a humidified gas stream having an amount of moisture in excess of a predetermined amount, directing the humidified gas stream to a cooling device, cooling the humidified gas to a predetermined temperature, and directing the cooled humidified gas to a point of usage. Systems for providing a humidified gas stream comprise a dry gas stream, a humidification device configured to receive and humidify the dry gas stream to form a humidified gas stream having an amount of moisture in excess of a predetermined amount, and a cooling device configured to receive and cool the humidified gas stream to a predetermined temperature to form a cooled humidified gas stream.

Abstract: A cooling tower for evaporating water from a brine solution is provided and may include a housing having an air inlet and a brine inlet. The cooling tower may also include a heat-exchange assembly having a heat-exchange media that suspends the brine solution and at least one nozzle in fluid communication with the brine inlet. The at least one nozzle may receive the brine solution from the brine inlet and may transfer the brine solution from the brine inlet to the heat-exchange media to allow the heat-exchange media to transfer moisture from the brine solution to air received from the air inlet to reduce the moisture content of the brine solution.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a multistage-pressure condenser, including a first condenser, a second condenser and a third condenser, which are arranged in increasing order of internal pressure, the first condenser and the second condenser each including a first partition in which perforations from which condensate obtained by condensing turbine steam by cooling water drops are formed on a cooling water inflow side of the condenser rather than at a central part thereof, and a second partition which partitions a reheating room for reheating condensate dropping from the perforations in a direction perpendicular to an inflow direction of the cooling water, and a heating-steam flow path which supplies heated steam from the third condenser to the reheating room partitioned by the first partition and the second partition.

Abstract: A carrier-gas mixture is directed through a fluid flow path in a combined heat and mass transfer device operating at a sub-atmospheric pressure. Heat and mass are transferred from or to the carrier-gas mixture via interaction with a liquid composition that includes a vaporizable component in a liquid state to substantially change the content of the vaporizable component in the carrier-gas mixture via evaporation or condensation of the vaporizable component. The mass flow rate of the carrier-gas mixture is varied by extracting or injecting the carrier-gas mixture from at least one intermediate location in the fluid flow path, and/or the mass flow rate of the liquid composition is varied by extracting or injecting the liquid composition from at least one intermediate location in the fluid flow path; and the flow of the carrier-gas mixture or the liquid composition is regulated to reduce the average local enthalpy pinch in the device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for vaporizing and transporting an alkali metal salt is shown. The apparatus has a first conduit capable of transporting an alkali metal salt solution and a second conduit in fluid communication with the first conduit, the second conduit capable of transporting steam so that the alkali metal salt is dissipated into the steam forming a solution that can be transported, such as to a remote reaction zone. The solution can be transported via a third conduit that is capable of being heated by a heat source. The method can be used to add a promoter to a dehydrogenation catalyst during a dehydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: An indirect hot water cooling device for a steam humidifier. The steam humidifier has a body of hot water and a drain valve for draining the body of hot water. The device includes a reservoir separate from the steam humidifier and receiving hot water from the steam humidifier drain valve; a connection from the steam humidifier drain valve to the reservoir; a re-circulating source of chilled water; a connection from the re-circulating source of chilled water to the reservoir; and a drain outlet from the reservoir. A method of draining a steam humidifier includes the steps of: draining the hot water in the humidifier to a separate reservoir; supplying re-circulating chilled water to the separate reservoir; and draining cooled water from the separate reservoir.

Abstract: A modified carburetor allows the fuel and air input ratio to be adjusted by varying the opening sizes in the carburetor. After the proper air opening size is determined and set, the fuel jet setting can be adjusted for cold starts and/or to fine tune the engine. The air opening setting may remain the same, regardless of engine speed. This allows the engine to create a vacuum of near zero to five inches of mercury or more, depending on the speed of the engine. A small air input opening setting may be used for the engine to create this vacuum. The higher the vacuum created, the better the fuel efficiency. The fuel from the modified carburetor then flows through a heated evaporator chamber that maintains this vacuum. This enhances and completes the evaporation process as the fuel passes through and over metal savings toward the engine.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide apparatus and methods for vaporizing liquid precursors. In one embodiment, a bubbling system for supplying a vapor of liquid precursor is provided including a gas flow conduit having a first end and a second end, a nozzle structure connected to the second end of the gas flow conduit, and comprising one or more perforated conduits fluidly coupled with the second end of the gas flow conduit, and a plate disposed around the gas flow conduit and in a spaced relationship from the nozzle structure, wherein both the one or more perforated conduits and the plate extend radially from an axis of the gas flow conduit.

Abstract: This application is directed to a fragrance dispenser attachably connected to a fan comprising: a housing having openings defined in the housing; a fragrance reservoir included in the housing for receiving a fragrance medium containing a fragrance; a cover operably associated with the opening for restricting airflow into the fragrance reservoir; and, a cover actuator operably connected to the cover having an open position allowing airflow into and out of the fragrance reservoir for dispensing a fragrance and a closed position for restricting airflow into and out of the fragrance reservoir.

Abstract: In a bubble-column vapor mixture condenser, a fluid source supplies a carrier-gas stream including a condensable fluid in vapor phase. The condensable fluid in liquid form is contained as a bath in a chamber in each stage of the condenser, and the carrier gas is bubbled through the bath to condense the fluid into the bath. Energy from condensation is recovered to a liquid composition in a conduit that passes through the liquid in the stages of the condenser. The bubble-column vapor mixture condenser can be used, e.g., in a humidification-dehumidification system for purifying a liquid, such as water.

Abstract: An apparatus for atomizing a precursor liquid for vapor generation and thin film deposition on a substrate. The precursor liquid is atomized by a carrier gas to form a droplet aerosol composed of small precursor liquid droplets suspended in the carrier gas. The droplet aerosol is then heated to form vapor, producing a gas/vapor mixture that can be introduced into a deposition chamber to form thin films on a substrate. The liquid is introduced into the atomizing apparatus in such a manner as to avoid excessive heating that can occur or lead to the formation of undesirable by-products due to material degradation as result of thermal decomposition. The apparatus is particularly suited for vaporizing high molecular weight substances with a low vapor pressure that requires a high vaporization temperature for the liquid to vaporize. The apparatus can also be used to vaporize solid precursors dissolved in a solvent for vaporization.

Abstract: A liquid material vaporizer comprises a gas-liquid mixing section for mixing a liquid material and a carrier gas to generate a gas-liquid mixture, and a heating type vaporizing section for vaporizing the gas-liquid mixture from the gas-liquid mixing section and exhausting outside the gas generated by the vaporization with assistance of the carrier gas, wherein the vaporizing section is configured with an arrangement of one or a plurality of flat plates formed in a spiral shape by an inwardly twisting path. Such an arrangement provides an excellent liquid material vaporizer capable of, even if a liquid material composed of a plurality of materials having different boiling points is vaporized, preventing a residue from being generated, and performing the vaporization in a preferable manner.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide apparatus and methods for vaporizing liquid precursors. In one embodiment, a bubbling system for supplying a vapor of liquid precursor is provided including a gas flow conduit having a first end and a second end, a nozzle structure connected to the second end of the gas flow conduit, and comprising one or more perforated conduits fluidly coupled with the second end of the gas flow conduit, and a plate disposed around the gas flow conduit and in a spaced relationship from the nozzle structure, wherein both the one or more perforated conduits and the plate extend radially from an axis of the gas flow conduit.

Abstract: A combustion system having a furnace arranged and disposed to receive solid fuel and oxygen and combust the solid fuel and oxygen to form a flue gas. The system includes a heat exchanger arrangement arranged and disposed to receive heat from the flue gas, where the heat exchanger arrangement has a predetermined heat exchange capacity. A water injection arrangement is arranged and disposed to provide water to the flue gas to controllably adjust the flue gas mass flow rate and temperature to provide the predetermined heat exchange capacity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for carrying out a gas scrubbing, in which gas is conducted from bottom to top and scrubbing medium is conducted from top to bottom through a scrubbing column (T). In the scrubbing column (T) at least two scrubbing sections (WS1 and WS2) are arranged one above the other, of which the upper is restricted downwards by a chimney tray (K). From the chimney tray (K) at least some of the scrubbing medium loaded in the upper scrubbing section (WS2) is taken off at a take-off point (A) provided in the region of the chimney tray (K) and introduced as scrubbing medium into the lower scrubbing section (WS1) at an introduction point (E) provided in the region of the lower scrubbing section (WS1). A heat-exchange appliance (6) is connected in series in the direction of flow downstream of the take-off point (A) and upstream of the introduction point (E).

Abstract: The present invention provides a diaphragm carburetor wherein heat transferred from the engine to the carburetor through the insulator is reduced to lower the temperature of the carburetor unit and reduce the occurrence of bubbles in the fuel. The carburetor of the present invention is a diaphragm carburetor in which a fuel channel that extends from a pump chamber of the carburetor to a constant-pressure fuel chamber is divided into two branches to form one branch as a main fuel channel connected to the constant-pressure fuel chamber, and the other branch as a fuel circulation channel for passing the fuel through the body side surface of the carburetor on the insulator side, or the body side surface of the insulator on the carburetor side, causing the fuel to make a circuit around the carburetor, and returning the fuel to the fuel tank.

Abstract: A cross-flow reservoir has a uniquely integrated filter and heat exchanger, whereby the reservoir, filtration and cooling functions are all performed by a single unit and without connecting fittings and connecting hoses therebetween.

Abstract: A cooling tower for evaporating water from a brine solution is provided and may include a housing having an air inlet and a brine inlet. The cooling tower may also include a heat-exchange assembly having a heat-exchange media that suspends the brine solution and at least one nozzle in fluid communication with the brine inlet. The at least one nozzle may receive the brine solution from the brine inlet and may transfer the brine solution from the brine inlet to the heat-exchange media to allow the heat-exchange media to transfer moisture from the brine solution to air received from the air inlet to reduce the moisture content of the brine solution.

Abstract: Condensable vapors such as carbon dioxide are separated from light gases in a process stream. The systems and methods employ a direct exchange heat exchanger to desublimate the condensable vapors from the process stream. The condensable vapors are condensed by directly contacting a heat exchange liquid in the direct contact heat exchanger while the uncondensed light gases from the process stream form a separated light-gas stream. The separated light-gas stream can be used in a recuperative heat exchanger to cool the process stream.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a glass body that includes a multiplicity of constituents, at least one of which is a dopant (e.g., a rare-earth element) having a low vapor pressure (LVP) precursor includes the steps of: (a) generating an aerosol from the LVP precursor; (b) separately generating vapors of the other constituents; (c) convecting the aerosol and vapors to deposition system including a substrate; and (d) forming at least one doped layer on a surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the method also includes filtering the aerosol so as to remove aerosol particles outside of a particular range of sizes. Also described is a unique aerosol generator that is particularly useful in generating aerosols of rare-earth dopants. Particular embodiments directed to the fabrication of Yb-doped optical fibers are described.

Abstract: An apparatus for atomizing a precursor liquid for vapor generation and thin film deposition on a substrate. The precursor liquid is atomized by a carrier gas to form a droplet aerosol composed of small precursor liquid droplets suspended in the carrier gas. The droplet aerosol is then heated to form vapor, producing a gas/vapor mixture that can be introduced into a deposition chamber to form thin films on a substrate. The liquid is introduced into the atomizing apparatus in such a manner as to avoid excessive heating that can occur or lead to the formation of undesirable by-products due to material degradation as result of thermal decomposition. The apparatus is particularly suited for vaporizing high molecular weight substances with a low vapor pressure that requires a high vaporization temperature for the liquid to vaporize. The apparatus can also be used to vaporize solid precursors dissolved in a solvent for vaporization.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a glass body that includes a multiplicity of constituents, at least one of which is a dopant (e.g., a rare-earth element) having a low vapor pressure (LVP) precursor comprises the steps of: (a) generating an aerosol from the LVP precursor; (b) separately generating vapors of the other constituents; (c) convecting the aerosol and vapors to deposition system including a substrate; and (d) forming at least one doped layer on a surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the method also includes filtering the aerosol so as to remove aerosol particles outside of a particular range of sizes. Also described is a unique aerosol generator that is particularly useful in generating aerosols of rare-earth dopants. Particular embodiments directed to the fabrication of Yb-doped optical fibers are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reactor vessels such as absorbing or stripping columns that are suitable for capturing carbon dioxide from flue gas streams of fossil fuel fired powered stations such as coal fired power stations generating 100 to 500 MW. The side walls of the reactors are made of concrete or structural ceramics that are preferrably steel reinforced. The reactors are on a sufficiently large scale such that a flue gas stream in the order of at least 1,000 t/hr and normally greater than 2,000 or 3,000 t/hr can be scrubbed of carbon dioxide in a single absorption column and then recovered in a stripping column. The absorbing and stripping columns may be free standing structures or, alternatively, the absorbing column may be located at least partially within the stripping column.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a carbonation system or gas delivery system including a liquid inlet, a gas inlet, a mixture outlet, and a mixing cartridge or membrane module. The mixing cartridge or membrane module can enhance the simultaneous absorption of gas and the transfer of heat out of the liquid.

Abstract: Circulating air is cooled by heat exchange with adiabatically cooled process air. To this end, a first heat exchanging device is fed with circulating air and the process air. The heat exchanging device contains a humidifying device used to spray water into the process air. In this way, the process air is adiabatically cooled and the corresponding cooling is carried out by heat exchange with the circulating air. Before entering the first heat exchanging device and before leaving same, the process air is guided through a second heat exchanging device in which the cooled process air first extracts heat from the uncooled process air. This increases the cooling performance of the device.