Abstract: In a method for the online determination of at least one rolling parameter when rolling a rolling material rolled along a rolling line in a rolling mill including at least two rolls on a roll stand, the rolling material is guided past or through at least one measuring device during the rolling, which interacts with a rolling material variable of the rolling material, the rolling material variable being changeable along the length of the rolling material, and outputs a measurement signal, wherein: (i) the measurement signal is transferred into the frequency space, and the rolling parameter is determined from the measurement signal transferred into the frequency space, and/or (ii) a frequency inherent in the change of the rolling material variable is determined from the measurement signal, and the rolling parameter is determined on the basis of the determined frequency.

Abstract: Magnetic layers of the multilayer coil component are constituted by: soft magnetic alloy grains 21 containing Fe, Si, and at least one of Cr and Al, as constituent elements; and an oxide layer 22 formed around the soft magnetic alloy grains to bond the soft magnetic alloy grains together, and also containing Si as well as at least one of Cr and Al as constituent elements, where the content of Si based on mass is higher than the total content of Cr and Al. The multilayer coil component can have a small thickness and offer excellent magnetic properties.

Abstract: To reduce a hysteresis error, the invention provides a load measurement method (12) for measuring a load in a test object (14), comprising: a) generating a magnetic field in the test object (14) by means of at least one magnetic field generating coil (Lg) to which a periodically alternating current is applied; b) detecting a magnetic field parameter which changes on the basis of a load in the test object (14), using at least one magnetic field detecting device, in order to generate a magnetic field parameter signal (51) which changes periodically according to the periodically generated magnetic field, characterized by: c) detecting the hysteresis-to-signal ratio of the magnetic field parameter signal (51) over time within one period; and d) disregarding magnetic field parameter signal values from at least one predetermined timespan within each period in which a maximum hysteresis-to-signal ratio occurs.

Abstract: A sensor for a separable connector comprises a plug body comprising an insulating resin, the plug body configured to be inserted into the separable connector to encase a high voltage conductor disposed in the separable connector. The sensor also includes one or more high voltage capacitors encased by the insulating resin and configured to be electrically coupled to the separable connector at a first end portion when the plug body is inserted and one or more low voltage capacitors electrically coupled in series to the one or more high voltage capacitors to form a capacitive voltage divider. The sensor also includes a low voltage connection configured to provide a low voltage signal corresponding to a high voltage signal present in the separable connector, the low voltage connection comprising a coaxial contact having a first metal contact and a second metal contact.

Abstract: An inductor component includes cores, a coil disposed in the cores, and terminal electrodes. The coil includes first metal plates disposed on an upper surface of the cores, second metal plates disposed on a lower surface of the cores, and a plurality of metal pins each passing through one of the cores in a thickness direction. The coil has a helical shape by connecting the first metal plates to the second metal plates, with the plurality of metal pins therebetween. The terminal electrodes are spaced apart along a direction in which the helical shape extends, and are connected to the coil.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device for measuring mechanical stress. The device comprises a magnetostrictive body enclosing a remanent magnetization. The magnetostrictive body comprises first and second end surfaces that are arranged opposite to each other. At least one of the first and second end surfaces is configured to receive a mechanical stress. The magnetostrictive body further comprises a first recess formed at the first end surface towards the second end surface and a second recess formed at the second end surface towards the first end surface. In a projection perpendicular to the first end surface, the first recess overlaps the second recess and extends beyond the second recess. Further disclosed are a method of manufacturing such a device and a method of measuring mechanical stress using such a device.

Abstract: A fuel quality rating testing system and related methodology. The system comprises a data acquisition system, comprising: (i) circuitry for receiving a time-varying signal from a pickup, the pickup for coupling to a test engine; and (ii) circuitry for determining a fuel rating in response to the time-varying signal. The fuel quality rating testing system also comprises a communications path coupled to the fuel quality rating testing system and a calibrator.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure generally relate to methods and apparatus for generating and controlling plasma, for example RF filters, used with plasma chambers. In one implementation, a plasma processing apparatus is provided. The plasma processing apparatus comprises a chamber body, a powered gas distribution manifold enclosing a processing volume and a radio frequency (RF) filter. A pedestal having a substrate-supporting surface is disposed in the processing volume. A heating assembly comprising one or more heating elements is disposed within the pedestal for controlling a temperature profile of the substrate-supporting surface. A tuning assembly comprising a tuning electrode is disposed within the pedestal between the one or more heating elements and the substrate-supporting surface. The RF filter comprises an air core inductor, wherein at least one of the heating elements, the tuning electrode, and the gas distribution manifold is electrically coupled to the RF filter.

Abstract: The present application relates to a magnetic shunt assembly for magnetic shielding of a power device, in one form for an electrical power transformer, including a plurality of joined ferromagnetic sheets and a plurality of bonding layers for bonding subsequent sheets of the plurality of ferromagnetic sheets to form an integral assembly.

Abstract: An adjustable inductor, according to embodiments of the invention, includes a wire coil configured to mount on a first side of a conductive plate. The wire coil is conductive and is a plurality of windings. A core has a first portion and a second portion. The first and second portions are configured with a plurality of grooves for threading engagement with the plurality of windings of the wire coil. The threading engagement attaches the core to the plurality of windings of the wire coil, which results in varied inductance.

Abstract: The present application provides a coil for facilitating an electromagnetic coupling and method for increasing the degree of an electromagnetic coupling. The coil for facilitating an electromagnetic coupling includes one or more loops formed from a material through which an electric current can flow. At least one of the one or more loops is adjustable, including at least one of a size and a shape of the at least one of the one or more loops of the coil being selectively adjustable.

Abstract: A primary electromagnetic induction coil, which supplies power to a primary resonance coil in a pair of a primary and a secondary resonance coils that conduct non-contact power supply by magnetic field resonance, includes a coil main body and a wedge that mounts an end portion of the coil main body to separate the end portion from other portions. Impedance matching can be achieved by adjusting a position of the wedge and a number of turns of the coil main body.

Abstract: An adjustable inductor, according to embodiments of the invention, includes a wire coil configured to mount on a first side of a conductive plate. The wire coil is conductive and is a plurality of windings. A core has a first portion and a second portion. The first and second portions are configured with a plurality of grooves for threading engagement with the plurality of windings of the wire coil. The threading engagement attaches the core to the plurality of windings of the wire coil, which results in varied inductance.

Abstract: A magnetic force sensor is capable of measuring a wide range of both compressional and tensional forces, with precision and without any accompanying circuitry. The sensor of the invention has the ability to precisely and accurately measure a wide range of forces in extreme environmental conditions.

Abstract: A module comprises a circuit board and an inductor. The circuit board has a facing surface and a rear surface which are located at opposite sides to each other in an up-down direction. The inductor has a magnetic core and a coil. The magnetic core is made of a soft magnetic metal material. The magnetic core has a facing surface and a radiating surface which are located at opposite sides to each other in the up-down direction. The facing surface of the magnetic core is arranged to face the facing surface of the circuit board in the up-down direction. The radiating surface of the magnetic core is arranged to be radiatable heat outward. The coil has a coil portion and a connection end. The coil portion winds, at least in part, the magnetic core. The connection end is connected to the facing surface of the circuit board.

Abstract: An inductor device includes an insulation layer, an inductor, fixed electrodes, and a movable electrode. The inductor is formed on the insulation layer. The fixed electrodes are provided in positions which do not overlap with the inductor in a planar view. The movable electrode overlaps with the inductor and the fixed electrodes in the planar view, and is separated from the inductor and the fixed electrodes. Further, the movable electrode includes first openings.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for through substrate via inductors. In one aspect, a cavity is defined in a glass substrate. At least two metal bars are in the cavity. A first end of each metal bar is proximate a first surface of the substrate, and a second end of each metal bar is proximate a second surface of the substrate. A metal trace connects a first metal bar and a second metal bar. In some instances, one or more dielectric layers can be disposed on surfaces of the substrate. In some instances, the metal bars and the metal trace define an inductor. The inductor can have a degree of flexibility corresponding to a variable inductance. Metal turns can be arranged in a solenoidal or toroidal configuration. The toroidal inductor can have tapered traces and/or thermal ground planes. Transformers and resonator circuitry can be realized.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a coil component including: an electrode structure made of an insulating material and including at least two internal electrodes vertically disposed therein in a height direction and having a coil shape; and external electrode terminals provided on an upper surface of the electrode structure, wherein a vertical distance (d3) between the internal electrodes is larger than a horizontal distance (d1) between the internal electrodes, in order to secure impedance capacity of a predetermined level and increase a cut-off frequency.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of devices for measuring electrical current and related systems and methods for forming and using such devices. According to certain embodiments, devices according to the present disclosure may comprise Rogowski coils. Also disclosed are systems and methods for forming a current measuring device using a bobbin that may allow for the use of a continuous length of wire for all windings associated with the current measuring device. Automated manufacturing techniques may be utilized to facilitate the manufacture of devices for measuring electrical current and/or may reduce the cost of such devices. Various embodiments disclosed herein include the use of a bobbin that may be selectively configured between a linear configuration and a closed configuration. One or more current sensors disclosed herein may be utilized in connection with a motor management relay or other type of intelligent electronic device.

Abstract: An energy conversion system includes a first core section, a tank, a flexible structure, and an output coil. The tank contains a volume of fluid having a high magnetic permeability. The flexible structure is fluidly coupled to the tank and movable from a retracted to an extended position in response to the injection of the fluid from the tank. The output coil is in electrical communication with the first core section. A charging station includes a second core section and an input coil. The first and second core sections are in alignment to define an air gap therebetween. The air gap is reduced when the flexible structure is in the extended position within the air gap such that the flexible structure transmits magnetic flux between the second core section and the first core section. The magnetic flux in the first core section induces electrical current in the output coil.

Abstract: We describe an inductive device for use in current shaping applications. The inductive device includes a core body comprising a first gap and a second gap, and at least one transition region between the first and second gaps. The shape of each gap in the inductive device can control a slope between two inductance values as a function of load current. The inductive device is capable of providing low total harmonic distortion (THD) AC output waveforms to achieve high efficiency.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an inductance of an inductor is tuned by adjusting a position of a conductor and/or a magnetic material with respect to a conducting wire of the inductor, thereby changing the electro-magnetic characteristics of the conducting wire. The conductor and/or magnetic material can be disposed in a microfluidic channel and can be moved within the microfluidic channel using a suitable actuator mechanism.

Abstract: Conventional transformers with fractional turns have pre-manufactured cores usually with a complicated structure. According to the present invention, a method is provided of manufacturing a planar transformer where a ferrite polymer compound is laminated to a PCB for forming the core of the transformer. Advantageously, this may allow for the provision of a cheap and robust transformer.

Abstract: An inductive component in the form of a balun for use in magnetic resonance imaging tomographs comprises a winding of a coaxial line. For adjusting inductance of the winding, a length of the winding of the coaxial line is deformable. For this, a first end of the coaxial line is fastened to a first fastening block, and a second end to a second fastening block. Change of the length is effected by means of an adjusting screw which varies the distance between the two fastening blocks.

Abstract: A coil structure for a filter device includes a first metallization deposited over a substrate and oriented in a first coil. The first coil extends horizontally across the substrate while maintaining a substantially flat vertical profile. A second metallization is deposited over the substrate and oriented in a second coil. The second coil is magnetically coupled to the first coil. A portion of the second coil is oriented interiorly of the first coil. A third metallization is deposited over the substrate and oriented in a third coil. The third coil is magnetically coupled to the first and second coils. A portion of the third coil is oriented interiorly of the second coil.

Abstract: A shear sensor includes a stator structure, a transformer, and a ferromagnetic core. The stator structure distorts in two perpendicular axes upon application thereto of a shear force. The transformer is coupled to the stator structure, and includes a primary winding and a pair of differentially wound secondary windings. The ferromagnetic core is non-rotationally coupled to the stator structure and is at least partially surrounded by the primary and secondary windings. The core is spaced apart from the transformer stator poles to define an air gap between the core and the stator poles. The air gap varies in the two perpendicular axes upon application of the shear force to the stator structure.

Abstract: A method for reducing a temperature rise of a magnetic material is provided. The method includes applying force to the magnetic material to reduce a dimensional change of the magnetic material during a first part of an operation cycle, such as due to magnetostriction. The force is removed from the magnetic material during a second part of an operation cycle, allowing magnetostrictive dimensional changes to occur.

Abstract: A DC to DC transmission system includes at least three conductors between a source and a sink, a first switch which alternately connects each conductor to the source, a second switch which alternately connects each conductor to the sink. The switches are synchronized such that one conductor is alternately coupled between the same polarity side of the source and sink and another conductor is alternately coupled between the other polarity side of the source and sink. The alternating connection between the conductors and source and sink may be undertaken at a wide range of frequencies.

Abstract: An inductive sensor includes an inductor having one or more loops and a sensor material configured to respond to a parameter of interest by a dimensional change of the sensor material. The sensor material is oriented within the loops of the inductor so that the dimensional change of the sensor material produces a dimensional change of the inductor. The dimensional change of the inductor alters the inductance of the inductor.

Abstract: Method of forming a ferromagnetic layer on at least one surface of a dielectric material that may be serve as an inductive core on a printed circuit board or a multichip module. Conductive leads can form two separate coils around the core to form a transformer, and a planar conducing sheet can be placed on or between one or more of the dielectric layers as magnetic shielding. The core can be formed at least in part by electroless plating, and electroplating can be used to add a thicker layer of less conductive ferromagnetic material. Ferromagnetic layers are formed by dipping the dielectric surface in a solution containing catalytic metal particles having a slight dipole, and placing the surface in a metal salt to cause a layer containing metal to be electrolessly plated upon the dielectric. Surface roughening techniques can be used before the dipping to help attract the catalytic particles.

Abstract: A torque detecting device includes an elastic member disposed between an input shaft and an output shaft of a torque transmitting apparatus, first and second resolvers detecting rotational angles of the elastic member at sides of the input shaft and the output shaft. The first resolver includes a first excitation winding coil and a first output winding coil, and the second resolver includes a second excitation winding coil and a second output winding coil. The first and second excitation winding coils are connected to a ground, and the first and second output winding coils are connected to the other ground.

Abstract: A target plate 3 is provided onto a shaft 1 and is has targets 3a arranged on an outer circumference. Facing the outer circumference of this target plate 3 is a sensor 5 that is provided with MR elements, which are arranged in a circumferential direction in accordance with an arrangement interval of the targets 3a. A rotational angle of the target plate 3 is calculated based on an output obtained between the MR elements in accordance with the displacement in the circumferential direction of the targets 3a, 3a with the rotation of the target plate 3.

Abstract: A capacitive voltage transformers for distribution of the power from 10 kv high potential line, includes a insulating column with a high potential terminal, a ground terminal and capacitors C1 and C2 in series connection. The column is filled with oilless dry filler. The capacitors C1 and C2 formed by a plurality of separated metallized film capacitors respectively in series or in parallel connection. At the tapping point between the capacitors there is a leading-out terminal of the secondary voltage which is connected to an induction transformer L in parallel. The transformer includes a frame with “C” shaped iron cores and windings wound around the cores. There is an over-voltage protector P connected in parallel between the tapping point and ground. A capacitive voltage divider is integrally combined with the transformer to provide a small volume, low cost device with a savings in materials.

Abstract: A capacitive voltage transformers for distribution of the power of 10kv high potential line, includes a insulating column with a high potential terminal, a ground terminal and capacitors C1 and C2 in series connection. The column is filled with oilless dry filler. The capacitors C1 and C2 formed by a plurality of separated metallized film capacitors respectively in series or in parallel connection. At the tapping point between the capacitors there is a leading-out terminal of the secondary voltage which is connected to an induction transformer L in parallel. The transformer includes a frame with “C” shaped iron cores and windings wound around the cores. One of the said windings is the primary impedance winding, and the other is the secondary winding of the transformer. There is an over-voltage protector P connected in parallel between the tapping point and ground.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic material composition which is capable of forming a cured film exhibiting a desired glass transition temperature, a desired stiffness modulus in a rubbery state and a desired extensibility at low temperatures. Also provided is an electronic component comprising a molded body, a packed body, a covering body, an electrode or a joining body, all being formed of the aforementioned electronic material composition. Also provided is a method of using the aforementioned electronic material composition, which is featured in that the electronic material composition is applied in a semi-cured state, and after the application thereof, completely cured.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor that can be manufactured using the technology of surface micromechanics, having a conductor loop that has at least one deformable segment; a deformation device for deforming the deformable segment of the conductor loop with a predeterminable time dependence; a voltage sensing device for sensing the voltage induced at the ends of the conductor loop upon deformation in the presence of a magnetic field; and a magnetic field determining device for determining the present static and/or dynamic magnetic field in consideration of at least the time dependence of the deformation.

Abstract: A ballast circuit includes an equalizer transformer for equalizing current between two or more lamps operated in parallel, combined on one core with a choke. In a 2-lamp embodiment, four windings are provided on one main core. The first and second are closely coupled and have N turns each, each connected separately to one of the lamps. A third and fourth winding are loosely coupled with respect to each other, and are arranged symmetrically about the first and second windings on the main core. These latter windings may be connected in series or in parallel to be an inductive impedance in the ballast circuit.

Abstract: A variable inductor is made from two elements separated by an insulating layer. The first element is elastic and serves as a coil shaped support for the inductive element. This elastic element is made with a memory and can be made to change its size by the application of heat. The inductive element is formed over the coil shaped support by layering a thin layer of a highly conductive material such as gold over the insulator layered on the elastic element. As heat is applied to the coil or as an electric current is applied to the elastic element, the size of the coil shaped support is changed which changes the inductive value of the inductive element formed by the conductive layer.

Abstract: An inflatable high Q toroidal inductor is fabricated from an inflatable tidal-shaped shell made from a flexible material provided with a fitting adapted to receive and vent pressurized gas. A pair of flexible strips are disposed on opposite sides of the inflatable toroidal-shaped shell to hold litz windings in a predetermined toroidal configuration to thereby provide a suitable inductor of high Q and low loss. The inductor may be compactly carried to a remote instrumentation site, inflated and used and then deflated, folded and taken to the next site for reuse.

Abstract: Several embodiments of a rotational position sensor having a variable coupling transformer are disclosed. Each sensor employs at least one magnetically permeable transformer core and a primary and secondary coil. The primary coil in coupled to a time varying electrical signal and is mechanically coupled through a transmission to a rotatable shaft whose position is to be measured. As the shaft is rotationally displaced, the primary coil changes orientation thereby changing an output signal induced in the secondary. A detector is coupled to the secondary coil to monitor the output signal and correlate the signal to the shaft's rotational displacement.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the spool position of a directional valve is disclosed. A longitudinal valve housing has opposed ends and a plurality of fluid ports, and a spool moves reciprocatingly within the valve housing. A first spring disposed adjacent an end of the spool extends and retracts with the reciprocating movement of the spool. A first oscillator circuit is coupled to the first spring and is adapted to produce a first position signal in response to the inductance of the first spring. Finally, a logic device determines the incremental linear position of the spool relative to the housing in response to the frequency of the first position signal.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for determining an extended length of a hydraulic cylinder is disclosed. A piston and rod are contained within a cylindrical housing of the hydraulic cylinder. A coil is wound about the rod and is attached to the piston and an end of the cylindrical housing. The coil extends and retracts with the reciprocating movement of the piston. An oscillator is coupled to the coil and produces a position signal in response to the inductance of the coil. A circuit receives the position signal, and determines the incremental linear position and velocity of the piston and rod relative to the housing in response to the frequency of the position signal.

Abstract: A multi-turn rotational position sensor. A spirally wound conductor has an inner end coupled to a rotatable shall through a transmission. As the shaft rotates, the spirally wound conductor changes shape. The spirally wound conductor is inductively coupled to a transfcrmer secondary and the transformer coupling between the spirally wound conductor changes as the shaft rotates. An output from the transformer secondary is used to determine the shaft's rotational position.

Abstract: An elongated ferromagnetic core is surrounded by two windings. Optional separators separate the core from the windings and one winding from the other winding. A tube-like ferromagnetic sheath covers the windings and core. The sheath and core are connected, preferably at both ends. At one end, one winding may be connected to a plug for connecting to a wall outlet for supplying an alternating current thereto. At the other end, the other winding may be connected to an external load for providing a voltage thereto. Optionally, an electrically insulating, thermally conductive, outer cover covers the ferromagnetic sheath. In a first embodiment, one winding is surrounded by the other winding. In a second embodiment, one winding surrounds a portion of the core and the other winding surrounds another portion of the core.

Abstract: A flexible core eddy current probe is disclosed for testing of curved or egular surfaces. The core is comprised of a flexible binder loaded with a powdered magnetic material and then formed into a specific flexible core shape continuously adaptable to irregular or curved surfaces. The flexible core probe has specific application to carbon fiber reinforced composite components having contoured surfaces.

Abstract: An improved flexible coil array for nondestructive reflective-mode eddy-current testing of conductive members is disclosed. The assembly comprises a flexible substrate having a first array of coils formed on one side thereof. The first array of coils are connected in series in parallel columns. One end of each of the rows is connected to a common ground connection, while the other ends of each row are successively connected to a source of excitation energy. A second array of series-connected rows of coils, orthogonal to the columns, is formed on the opposite side of the substrate. Again, one end of each of the rows is connected to a common point while the other end of each of the rows is successively connected to means for detecting a voltage induced on the coils of the row. The voltage will vary if one of the coils is disposed in juxtaposition to a discontinuity of the member to be inspected.

Abstract: A magnetoelastic force transducer according to the invention comprises two closed magnetic circuits. The transducer is constructed in such a way that the reluctance in one of the magnetic circuits will be changed when the transducer is subjected to a force as a result of changes in the magnetic permeability caused by magnetostriction. The second magnetic circuit is formed so as to have an essentially unchanged reluctance when the transducer is loaded and is used to compensate for those changes in the permeability of the material arising for reasons other than magnetostriction.

Abstract: The inductance value of air-core coils are adjusted using automated methods and inexpensive, noncomplicated apparatus. Adjusting tools are provided which displace coil turns in a linear motion with respect to the coil centerline. Specifically, the coil turns can be displaced by sliding perpendicularly to the coil centerline or by rotating a group of coils in order to modify the coil inductance. The adjusting tools used and the method of coil-turn displacement allow the automated method to reincrease the inductance of a coil in the event that displacement causes an over-decrease of inductance.

Abstract: A magnetoelastic force-measuring device is proposed which has an annular thrust body possessing magnetostrictive properties and bearing a ring coil. To enhance the measuring sensitivity in conjunction with simultaneous good thermal error compensation, a sleeved tension body, likewise possessing magnetostrictive properties and bearing a ring coil, is arranged coaxially in the annular thrust body to fit in such a way that, given the introduction of a force, the one body is subjected to thrust and the other to tension. In this connection, the magnetostrictive properties are formed by a soft magnetic measuring film--preferably of amorphous metal--which applied in each case to the body, and the two ring coils are connected up to make an inductive half-bridge.

Abstract: A flexible core eddy current probe is disclosed for testing of curved or egular surfaces. The core is comprised of a flexible binder loaded with a powdered magnetic material and then formed into a specific flexible core shape continuously adaptable to irregular or curved surfaces. The flexible core probe has specific application to carbon fiber reinforced composite components having contoured surfaces.