Abstract: Sheet metal construction is described for achieving high strength at low weight for a power reactor and for an impedance injection module incorporating the power reactor. Clamping plates are used to retain the core and the windings of the reactor. Integrated features of a specialized frame of the impedance injection module include flanges for structural rigidity, a convenient yoke plate for lifting by crane, feet for mounting insulators, and sufficient strength to maintain mechanical integrity during normal operation and also during fault conditions. The specialized frame provides a light weight assembly suitable for mounting on power transmission lines as well as on ground assemblies. The specialized frame can reduce the cost of the total enclosure to around 25% of the cost and 50% of the weight of an equivalent conventional enclosure. An insulation topology is also described.

Abstract: A two-phase liquid immersion cooling system is described in which heat generating computer components cause a dielectric fluid in its liquid phase to vaporize. Advantageously, a pH indicator is employed to monitor the dielectric fluid.

Abstract: Dry-type transformers with insulating modules are disclosed. Example insulating modules include dielectric screens and supporting blocks. The supporting blocks support the dielectric screens over windings of the transformer. The dielectric screens have first substantially even portions configured to adapt in spaces defined by corresponding cylindrical barriers arranged between first and second windings of the transformers and second substantially even portions, transversal to the first portions and to the first windings of the transformers and extending outwards from the first portions and beyond the supporting blocks. The dielectric screens partly extend around a winding.

Abstract: The subject of the present application is a cover for distribution transformer filled with a dielectric liquid, equipped with electronic device integrated with the cover which is applied for transmission and distribution of electric energy. The cover is characterized in that the electronic device is immersed in the dielectric liquid filling a cooling compartment fixed on the cover; the cooling compartment has side walls, a top wall and a bottom wall which bottom wall is matched in the window made in the cover and the bottom wall forms a thermal barrier between the interior of the electric power device and the interior of the cooling compartment and the both interiors of the cooling compartment and of the electric power device are hermetically closed together.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a coil structure for a dry-type transformer and a winding method therefor. The coil structure for a dry-type transformer comprises multiple coil layers and a supporting framework, which is provided with multiple supporting layers. The spacer blocks of each intermediate supporting layer comprise a rising spacer block for rising and supporting spacer blocks in addition to the rising spacer block, a thickness of the rising spacer block being greater than a thickness of the supporting spacer block, and the rising spacer blocks of several intermediate supporting layers being staggered along the circumferential direction. The present disclosure decreases the height of the entire coil efficiently, meanwhile abates the problem that the wire is centralized in a single area, inhibits the temperature rise phenomenon of transformers efficiently, and prolongs the lifetime of transformers.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information technology (IT) equipment cooling system includes an IT cooling module having one or more pieces of IT equipment that is configured to provide IT services and is at least partially submerged within a liquid coolant. While the equipment provides the services, heat is generated and transferred into the coolant thereby causing at least some of the coolant to turn into a vapor. The system also includes a condenser that is positioned above the module and is configured to condense the vapor back into liquid coolant. The system includes return and supply lines that are both coupled to the condenser and to the module to create a heat exchanging loop. The system includes an accumulator that is disposed on the supply line and is configured to accumulate the condensed liquid coolant before the coolant is provided to the module. The accumulator provides backup cooling capacity for the system.

Abstract: A self-clamping structure for solving a short-circuit resistance problem of amorphous alloy transformers comprises an A-phase coil, a B-phase coil and a C-phase coil which are horizontally arranged, the A-phase coil being in close contact with the B-phase coil, and the B-phase coil being in close contact with the C-phase coil. By using a solidified low-voltage coil as a fastening splint and binding with a high-strength binding strap, the low-voltage coils of the A-phase and the B-phase clamp and fix a weak portion between the A and B phases; and the low-voltage coil of the B-phase and the C-phase clamp and fix a weak portion between the B and C phases. Outer sides of the A- and C-phase coils are each provided with a high-strength insulation splint, so that the splint and the low-voltage coil of corresponding phase constitute the splint pair to clamp and fix the corresponding weak portion.

Abstract: A surge arrester system includes a surge arrester, and an active cooling system having a cooling interface in contact with the surge arrester and operative to transfer heat from the surge arrester. The active cooling system includes a forced convection apparatus operative to provide forced convection cooling. A circuit breaker system includes a power semiconductor switch and an active cooling system constructed to cool the power semiconductor switch. The active cooling system includes a forced convection apparatus configured to provide forced convection cooling. The power semiconductor switch is in contact with the active cooling system. A surge arrester is disposed adjacent to and in contact with the active cooling system. The active cooling system includes a cooling interface constructed for contact with the surge arrester and operative to provide cooling to the surge arrester. The power semiconductor switch and the surge arrester dissipate power alternatively.

Abstract: Provide are compositions and methods for electromagnetic (EM) surveying of subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs using a giant dielectric material as a contrast agent. An injection fluid composition for EM surveying may include an aqueous fluid and giant dielectric nanoparticles having a dielectric constant of at least 10000 in the 1 Hz to 1 MHz frequency range. EM surveying of a subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs may be performed by introducing an injection fluid having the giant dielectric nanoparticles into the subsurface hydrocarbon reservoir and generating an image of the position of the injection fluid from a transit time of emitted EM energy that traveled through the reservoir.

Abstract: An immersion cooling apparatus includes an immersion tank in which an electronic device is disposed and in which a secondary refrigerant is stored, the electronic device being dipped into and cooled down by the secondary refrigerant, a housing in which the immersion tank is disposed and in which a primary refrigerant is stored, the immersion tank being dipped into and cooled down by the primary refrigerant, and a driver that rotates the immersion tank, wherein the immersion tank being rotatably attached to an interior of the housing, the immersion tank having an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface, the inner circumferential surface being positioned facing the electronic device, the outer circumferential surface being positioned on an opposite side of the inner circumferential surface, each of the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface having a plurality of projections.

Abstract: A fingerprint sensor includes a first conductive pattern formed on one side of a core, a second conductive pattern formed on the first conductive pattern, an insulating layer formed between the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern, a dielectric layer configured to cover the second conductive pattern, and a protective layer covering the dielectric layer, wherein the protective layer includes a photosetting resin.

Abstract: A stationary induction electric apparatus includes an iron core having legs of core and yokes of core; windings wound around the legs of core; coolant for cooling the windings; a cylindrical insulation structure that forms a flow of the coolant around the windings; baffle members alternately provided on the inner wall side and the outer wall side of the cylindrical insulation structure; and adjustment members for constricting the flow of the coolant. The adjustment members are provided on the same side of the respective baffle members and on the respective baffle members.

Abstract: An electrical device includes a winding including an interior portion and an exterior surface, a primary cooling system for cooling the exterior surface of the winding, a secondary cooling system for cooling the interior portion of the winding, and a heat exchanger thermally coupled to the primary cooling system and the secondary cooling system.

Abstract: A transformer assembly for a wind turbine is described. The transformer assembly includes a liquid-filled main transformer and an auxiliary transformer connected on the high-voltage side of the main transformer. The auxiliary transformer benefits from improved power quality in this configuration.

Abstract: A vehicle is provided with a transmission and an inductor assembly that is mounted within a chamber of the transmission. The inductor assembly includes a coil, a core and an insulator having first and second portions that are oriented toward each other. Each portion includes a base, a support extending from the base, and a spool extending transversely from the support to engage the other portion. Each spool includes an external surface for supporting the coil and a cavity extending therethrough for receiving the core.

Abstract: A transformer assembly and a method of producing the same are provided. The transformer assembly includes a housing, transformer oil, and a plurality of coils of electrically conductive wire. The transformer oil is disposed within the housing. The coils of electrically conductive wire are disposed in the housing and in contact with the transformer oil. A cross-linked aliphatic polyamide insulation material configured to electrically insulate the electrically conductive wire. The insulation material includes stabilizing compounds that provide thermal and chemical stability for the insulation material.

Abstract: In large area plasma processing systems, process gases may be introduced to the chamber via the showerhead assembly which may be driven as an RF electrode. The gas feed tube, which is grounded, is electrically isolated from the showerhead. The gas feed tube may provide not only process gases, but also cleaning gases from a remote plasma source to the process chamber. The inside of the gas feed tube may remain at either a low RF field or a zero RF field to avoid premature gas breakdown within the gas feed tube that may lead to parasitic plasma formation between the gas source and the showerhead. By feeding the gas through an RF choke, the RF field and the processing gas may be introduced to the processing chamber through a common location and thus simplify the chamber design.

Abstract: Described embodiments include a device, a system, and a method. A described device includes a closed-cycle heat transfer device. The device includes a thermal management system adapted for dissipating heat generated by transmission lines of a power transmission system in use to transport electric power from one place to another. The system includes a heat-dissipation device and a transmission-line temperature manager. The heat-dissipation device includes a heat-acquisition element configured to absorb heat from a portion of a live transmission line of the power transmission system. The heat-dissipation device includes an assembly of one or more controllable fins thermally coupled to the heat-acquisition element and configured to dissipate at least a portion of the heat absorbed by the heat-acquisition. The transmission-line temperature manager is configured to control an aspect of the assembly of one or more controllable fins.

Abstract: Described embodiments include a device, a method, and a system. A described device includes a closed-cycle heat transfer device. The device includes a hollow member configured to be thermally coupled with and to be disposed substantially parallel to a length of a live transmission line of an overhead power transmission system. The power transmission system is configured to transport electric power from one place to another. The device includes a working fluid contained within the hollow member and tuned to transport heat received from the live transmission line to a heat removal structure. The device includes the heat removal structure configured to dissipate the transported heat.

Abstract: An oil immersed stereo wound-core amorphous alloy transformer, comprising an iron core, a high-low voltage winding, leads and a tank. The core comprises three single frames made of amorphous alloy strips by winding and are identical in structure, and the single frames have a rectangular shape; the vertical sides of every two adjacent frames fit together fixedly to form a core pillar, and the horizontal sides of the single frame form iron yokes; the cross sections of the core pillars have an approximately circular or polygonal shape; the transformer further comprises a clamp, comprising a quasi-triangular upper and lower clamp, and posts, the lower clamp is provide with three food pads; the iron yokes in the lower portion of the iron core are located on the foot pads, and the high-low voltage winding is wound on the core pillars.

Abstract: The invention comprises an electrical apparatus and method of manufacture. The apparatus includes a substantially annular inductor comprising an inductor core composed of at least a distributed gap material. The distributed gap material includes particles of alternating layers of magnetic and non-magnetic materials separated by a gap material. The particles comprise an average layer thickness of less than about one hundred micrometers, where a majority of said layered particles comprise an average cross sectional size of less than about one millimeter. The inductor is cooled using at least one of: a thermally conductive potting material, a liquid coolant in direct contact with the inductor, a cooling line through the potting material or liquid coolant, and a chill coil in a container about the potting material and/or the liquid coolant.

Abstract: An oil-filled transformer switching frame is disclosed which includes at least one longitudinal channel element that is essentially formed by a wall that is curved in a U-shaped manner, for receiving in its inner region stranded conductors of an oil tank of an oil transformer. The wall of the channel element can include a first layer of mechanically strong, planar insulating material and a second layer of mechanically strong, planar insulating material that is adjacent to and fundamentally parallel to said first layer, the first layer and the second layer being connected to and spaced apart by a third layer of a mechanically strong, corrugated insulating material having hollow spaces that can be flooded with a fluid by way of lateral edges.

Abstract: The object of the invention is an inductive component equipped with a liquid cooling and a method for manufacturing an inductive component. The inductive component comprises at least a core (2) assembled from separate structural elements (8, 8a, 8b), a winding (5), and connection means (7) as well as ducts (9) integrated into the core (2) for the purpose of liquid cooling. Each structural element (8, 8a, 8b) comprises an aperture (9a, 13, 18) made in the manufacturing phase of the structural element (8, 8a, 8b), which aperture extends through the structural element and is a short part of the duct (9) intended for the purpose of liquid cooling.

Abstract: An electrical device includes a winding, a primary cooling system, a secondary cooling system, and an actuator. The winding includes an interior portion and an exterior surface. The primary cooling system cools the exterior surface of the winding. The secondary cooling system cools the interior portion of the winding. The actuator is configured to actuate the secondary cooling system in response to a sensed condition of the electrical device or a predicted condition of the electrical device.

Abstract: An electrical inductor assembly includes an inductor core having a relatively circular geometry. Also included is a wire guide surrounding and retaining the inductor core, the wire guide having a plurality of slots for retaining and guiding a plurality of wires. Further included is an outer housing surrounding and retaining the wire guide and a substance disposed within at least one of the plurality of slots of the wire guide.

Abstract: An exemplary oil transformer insulation module includes at least a first flat layer and a second layer adjacent and substantially and parallel to the first layer. The first and second layers include planar first insulation material and are connected to and spaced apart from a third corrugated layer that is arranged between the first and second layers. The third layer includes planar second insulation material, has lateral edges, and is corrugated such that all the cavities formed by the corrugated form can be flooded with a liquid via the lateral edges.

Abstract: An inductor comprises a ferromagnetic core, a litz wire conductor encircling the ferromagnetic core, a housing, a bobbin, a conductive pin, and a seal assembly. The housing encloses the ferromagnetic core and the litz wire conductor. The conductive pin is conductively attached to the litz wire conductor, and extends therefrom to form an external electrical contact. The bobbin supports the litz wire conductor and positions the conductive pin in alignment with an aperture in the housing which is sealed against fluid egress by the seal assembly.

Abstract: An oil transformer includes a transformer vessel, a transformer core mounted in the vessel, at least one upright hollow cylindrical transformer coil including at least one axial cooling channel arranged around a limb of the transformer core, and an oil chamber arranged at an axial front side of the transformer coil. At least one first opening leading from the inner chamber to the belonging front side of the transformer coil is provided, and at least one second opening is provided within the surrounding boundaries of the oil chamber. The oil chamber is an under-pressure chamber, wherein the at least one first opening is an inlet port and the at least one second opening is an outlet port.

Abstract: A transformer assembly for a wind turbine is described. The transformer assembly includes a liquid-filled main transformer and an auxiliary transformer connected on the high-voltage side of the main transformer. The auxiliary transformer benefits from improved power quality in this configuration.

Abstract: An inductor cooling method and apparatus is provided, where the inductor comprises both a substantially annular core and an aperture therethrough. The aperture is circumferentially surrounded by the substantially annular core. A container holds a substantially non-conductive coolant and the inductor is immersed in the coolant. Optional spacers hold the inductor away from the container to allow room for coolant circulation.

Abstract: The invention comprises an electrical apparatus and method of manufacture. The apparatus includes a substantially annular inductor comprising an inductor core composed of at least a distributed gap material. The distributed gap material includes particles of alternating layers of magnetic and non-magnetic materials separated by a gap material. The particles comprise an average layer thickness of less than about one hundred micrometers, where a majority of said layered particles comprise an average cross sectional size of less than about one millimeter. The inductor is cooled using at least one of: a thermally conductive potting material, a liquid coolant in direct contact with the inductor, a cooling line through the potting material or liquid coolant, and a chill coil in a container about the potting material and/or the liquid coolant.

Abstract: A nonwoven web of poly(phenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole) and polymetaphenylene isopthalamide. was found to have greater retention of tensile strength than kraft paper after immersion in oil at high temperature, making it useful as an insulation material for transformers.

Abstract: An immersion cooled inductor includes an inductor at least partially submerged in cooling liquid and a localized boiling feature operable to instigate boiling of the cooling liquid prior to oversaturation.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a transformer coil which can be cooled by a heat pipe and has a primary winding and a secondary winding and relates to a transformer which is formed from transformer coils which can be cooled in this way. The heat from the transformer coil is dissipated by the heat pipe. The evaporator of the heat pipe is arranged in the area of the windings and forms at least one extensive evaporator segment, which extends in the circumferential direction of the windings and along the winding axis of the transformer coil and in the process covers a multiplicity of the turns of the secondary winding.

Abstract: A system comprises a tank, a radiator connected to the tank, and a component situated within the tank and susceptible to creating increasing pressure within system when under a fault condition. The radiator is configured to directionally vent pressure under excessive pressure conditions.

Abstract: A rupture resistant system comprises a tank comprising a top member, a sidewall member, and a bottom member, and a component situated within the tank and susceptible to creating increasing pressure within the tank when under a fault condition. At least one of the top, sidewall, and bottom members is connected to another of the top, sidewall, and bottom members in a manner so as to cause an increase in inner volume of the tank under increased pressure conditions.

Abstract: An immersion cooled inductor includes an inductor at least partially submerged in cooling liquid and a localized boiling feature operable to instigate boiling of the cooling liquid prior to oversaturation.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid comprising hydrocarbon liquid admixed with an ester-based compound, wherein the ester-based compound is present in an effective amount to impart breakdown inhibiting properties to a paper insulation material when the dielectric fluid is in contact with the paper material.

Abstract: It is described a single-phase or three-phase distribution electric transformer, of solid insulation, for use in aerial installation, in poles, in platforms or pedestals, or installation in underground distribution network for operation in air environment, semi-submerged or submerged. Such transformer comprises at least one high voltage winding (3) and at least one low voltage winding (2) concentrically assembled around a core column (1.2,1.3), the low voltage and high voltage windings (2,3) being electrically isolated from a solid material, a core window (20) being defined as a space between two core columns (1.2,1.3), the transformer comprising at least one electrical insulation sheet (4) assembled on at least a core window (20) of said transformer, the assembly of the electrical insulation sheet (4) being defined in the longitudinal direction (300) of the transformer. Such sheet (4) avoids the formation of spiral around the core by immersion water or conductive dust.

Abstract: An electrical transformer is disclosed which includes an enclosure; a magnetic core assembly arranged within the enclosure, the magnetic core assembly having a first core limb, a second core limb and a third core limb; and three coil assemblies having a first coil assembly, a second coil assembly, and a third coil assembly. At least two diaphragms are arranged within the enclosure, the diaphragms being essentially sealed to a first outermost coil of the first coil assembly, and arranged for guiding a cooling fluid in series through a first inner fluid duct, a second inner fluid duct, a third inner fluid duct and an extra-coil volume along outsides of third, second and first outermost coil coils of the third, second and first coil assemblies.

Abstract: An immersion cooled inductor includes an inductor at least partially submerged in cooling liquid and a localized boiling feature operable to instigate boiling of the cooling liquid prior to oversaturation.

Abstract: A system is provided. The system includes about 99.9 Wt % to about 95 Wt % of an insulating liquid, and about 0.1 Wt % to about 5 Wt % of insulating, inorganic, non-magnetic nanoparticles. Another aspect of the invention includes an electrical apparatus. The electrical apparatus includes an insulation system that comprises a dielectric fluid having about 99.9 Wt % to about 95 Wt % of an insulating liquid, and about 0.1 Wt % to about 5 Wt % of insulating, inorganic, non-magnetic nanoparticles.

Abstract: An inductor comprises a ferromagnetic core, a litz wire conductor encircling the ferromagnetic core, a housing, a bobbin, a conductive pin, and a seal assembly. The housing encloses the ferromagnetic core and the litz wire conductor. The conductive pin is conductively attached to the litz wire conductor, and extends therefrom to form an external electrical contact. The bobbin supports the litz wire conductor and positions the conductive pin in alignment with an aperture in the housing which is sealed against fluid egress by the seal assembly.

Abstract: A high-voltage transformer for providing an alternating voltage in the kV range, comprising at least one secondary winding wound on a coil carrying body surrounding a transformer core, and an insulation housing encapsulating the secondary winding is provided to electrically insulate the secondary winding. Said insulation housing is walled by the coil carrying body carrying the secondary winding and by an enveloping body made of plastic and enveloping the secondary winding so that an annular gap is formed, wherein the annular gap between the secondary winding and the enveloping body is filled with an insulating fluid. The annular gap has a gap width of less than or equal to 20 mm viewed in the cross-section, and the enveloping body has a wall thickness of less than or equal to 20 mm, wherein the plastic is polypropylene, and a separate expansion volume is not provided for the insulating fluid.

Abstract: An inductor assembly includes a substrate, an outer cylindrical housing arranged on the substrate, a wound inductor core arranged in the outer cylindrical housing, and a working fluid disposed in the outer cylindrical housing and in contact with the wound inductor core.

Abstract: Method of assessing the remaining lifetime of a transformer operating at temperatures above IEC 60° C./65° C./78° C. or IEEE 65° C./65° C./80° C. including a core, a winding conductor covered by high temperature insulation material and pressboard material arranged as an insulation barrier and/or a supporting structure. The covered winding conductor and the pressboard material are immersed in a fluid having a fire point of at least 300° C. The method includes at least twice measuring the temperature of the fluid at its top surface and registering the time of each measurement and assessing the remaining lifetime of the transformer as a function of the measured temperatures and the corresponding registered times, and/or obtaining a sample of pressboard material that has been in contact with the fluid at its top surface and analysing the sample to assess the remaining lifetime of the transformer.

Abstract: An oil immersed stereo wound-core amorphous alloy transformer, comprising an iron core, a high-low voltage winding, leads and a tank.

Abstract: An oil transformer insulation module includes a plurality of disc-like insulation elements of identical type which are arranged flush one above another along a line, connected to one another and have in each case at least a similar outline contour. An insulation element includes a first flat layer and a second layer adjacent and predominantly parallel thereto. The first and second layers are composed of a mechanically strong, planar first insulation material. The first and second layers of the first insulation material are connected to and spaced apart from a third, corrugated layer arranged between the first and second layers and composed of a mechanically strong, planar second insulation material. The third layer has lateral edges and is corrugated in such a way that all the cavities formed by the corrugated form can be completely flooded with a liquid via the lateral edges of the insulation element.

Abstract: An air cooling system, method, apparatus and kit applied to lower transformer operating temperatures, such as governed by a tank or container of oil, allowing transformer components to run more efficiently at a lower temperature level, e.g., down from the hot level operating temperatures typical in stressed conventional devices. By lowering the operational levels to within or below the nominal operational temperature ranges for the equipment, and recovering heat generated during operation, several advantages are obtained.

Abstract: The scope of the invention is a winding arrangement for an inductive component that consists at least of a core (9) and of a winding structure placed around the core and consisting of planar winding sheets (11). Inside the winding structure there is cooling medium that is adapted to transfer excess heat away from the winding.