Abstract: A load testing apparatus includes: a resistance unit including a plurality of resistors adapted to receive power supply from a test target power source and a wall adapted to hold both ends of each of the plurality of resistors; and a cover attached to a frame holding the resistance unit and adapted to protect the wall and a portion included in a terminal of the resistor and projecting and exposed from the wall. Each of the resistors includes a cap. The cap has an insulation property and is attached to the portion included in the terminal and projecting from the wall. The cover is made of a conductive material. The cap is arranged between the cover and the portion included in the terminal and projecting from the wall.

Abstract: One circuit includes first and second primary terminals for connection to first and second power transmission lines and a current transmission path extending between the primary terminals and having current transmission path portions separated by a third primary terminal. A first current transmission path portion includes at least one primary switching element connected in series between the first and third primary terminals, the second current transmission path portion includes an energy conversion block connected between the second and third primary terminals, and the energy conversion block includes at least one primary energy conversion element for removing energy from the power transmission lines. The control circuit further includes a converter limb connected across the second and third primary terminals that includes an auxiliary converter. The control circuit further includes a control unit which controls the auxiliary converter to selectively provide a voltage source.

Abstract: A load testing apparatus includes a resistive unit that includes one or more resistor groups having a plurality of resistors and is connected with a power source to be tested for a load test. A cooling fan cools the resistors in the resistive unit. The resistive unit includes a current/voltage detection part that detects a current flowing through or a voltage applied to the resistors, the resistor groups, or the resistive unit and a temperature detection part that detects an exhaust temperature at a downstream of the resistive unit. A rotation state detection part detects a rotation state of the cooling fan. A control unit performs off control that stops power supply from the power source to be tested to the resistive unit based on information from the current/voltage detection part, information from the temperature detection part, and information from the rotation state detection part.

Abstract: A safety element assembly is disclosed. The safety element assembly comprises a first thin metal sheet coupled to the secondary battery; a safety element coupled to the first thin metal sheet; and a second thin metal sheet coupled to the safety element, wherein the first thin metal sheet comprises a first region on which the safety element and the second thin metal sheet are stacked, and a second region on which the safety element and the second thin metal sheet are not stacked.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure comprising a substrate, an active device, a field oxide layer and a poly-silicon resistor is disclosed. The active device is formed in a surface area of the substrate. The active device has a first doped area, a second doped area and a third doped area. The second doped area is disposed on the first doped area. The first doped area is between the second and the third doped areas. The first doped area has a first type conductivity. The third doped area has a second type conductivity. The first and the second type conductivities are different. The field oxide layer is disposed on a part of the third doped area. The poly-silicon resistor is disposed on the field oxide layer and is electrically connected to the third doped area.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for controlling a locomotive such that the braking effort is maintained at its optimal maximum level throughout the extended range. The method comprises detecting a first reduction in speed of the locomotive; energizing at least one solid state device connected across one or more grid resistors for a first predetermined amount of time to divert current away from the one or more grid resistors for the first predetermined amount of time; and de-energizing the solid state device after the first predetermined amount of time. The solid state device may be an Isolated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and a plurality of solid state devices are energized, each solid state device being connected across a corresponding resistor grid.

Abstract: Provided is an analog amplifier for amplifying an analog signal and an analog filter, and in particular, an apparatus and method for controlling gain and cutoff frequency of the variable gain amplifier and the variable cutoff frequency filter that is capable of changing the gain and cutoff frequency. The variable resister includes a plurality of resister segments in the variable resister and, when a plurality of resistance candidates for the variable resister are arranged in order of size, the resistance candidates form a geometric series.

Abstract: A retractable control device for a household electrical appliance includes a knob movable against an elastic member within an aperture or seat of a control interface of the appliance. The knob is configured to assume two working positions including a first position in which the knob is seated in the aperture and a second position in which the knob extends outwardly therefrom. The knob cooperates with a control member for a functional element of the appliance, such as an electrical resistance heater or microwave generator of an oven, or a gas burner of a cooking hob. The device also includes a cylindrical element disposed and fixed in the aperture of the control interface about the knob. The cylindrical element contains the knob when the knob is in its first position and guides its movement within the aperture along a central longitudinal axis thereof.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a first connection line; a second connection line; a plurality of tuning resistors with each having a sequence number and being coupled between the first connection line and the second connection line; and a plurality of switches, with each being coupled in series with one of the plurality of tuning resistors. The sequence numbers of the plurality of tuning resistors are continuous. The resistance values of the plurality of tuning resistors are a function of the respective sequence numbers.

Abstract: A potentiometer control for use as a volume or tone control for a musical instrument, such as a guitar, that includes a switch which switches out the resistive element when the control is set to its most clockwise position so as to not load the instrument pickup when desired and so permit maximum volume to be achieved.

Abstract: Provided is an analog amplifier for amplifying an analog signal and an analog filter, and in particular, an apparatus and method for controlling gain and cutoff frequency of the variable gain amplifier and the variable cutoff frequency filter that is capable of changing the gain and cutoff frequency. The variable resister includes a plurality of resister segments in the variable resister and, when a plurality of resistance candidates for the variable resister are arranged in order of size, the resistance candidates form a geometric series.

Abstract: A foil-type switching element comprises a first carrier foil and a second carrier foil arranged at a certain distance from each other by means of a spacer, which comprises one opening (18) defining an active area. An elongate resistive layer (20) is provided on the second carrier foil within the active area while elongate 5 shunt means (22) are arranged on the first miler foil within the active area and facing the resistive layer (20). The form of the opening (18) in the spacer is such that the active area generally tapers in the longitudinal direction of the elongate resistive layer (20), so that when pressure is applied on the switching element, the shunt means (22) shunt a portion of the resistive layer (20) that 10 progressively increases with pressure, from the broad end of the spacer opening (18) towards its narrow end.

Abstract: A resistance device for an electrical switch assembly includes a housing having a base and first and second support brackets extending outwardly therefrom. The base receives first and second conductive blades of the electrical switch assembly. A cam member is movably connected to the first and second supporting brackets. First and second spring members are connected between the base and the cam member and bias the cam member away from the base. The amount of force required to open and close the switch assembly is increased by having to overcome the resistance force imparted by the first and second spring members on the cam member during rotation of the conductive blades.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a first connection line; a second connection line; a plurality of tuning resistors with each having a sequence number and being coupled between the first connection line and the second connection line; and a plurality of switches, with each being coupled in series with one of the plurality of tuning resistors. The sequence numbers of the plurality of tuning resistors are continuous. The resistance values of the plurality of tuning resistors are a function of the respective sequence numbers.

Abstract: An operating device for an electrical appliance has a control panel and an operating element for rotary actuation arranged thereon and a controller, wherein said operating element is mounted in a receptacle arranged behind said control panel and comprises on a front a touch-sensitive switch with a sensor element being connected electrically conductively to said controller. Said operating device comprises a retraction device for retracting said operating element into its recessed position in said receptacle by pressing. Said retraction device is configured in such a way that said knob can only be retracted into its recessed position in a single retraction rotational position, said touch-sensitive switch being deactivated by said controller in said retraction rotational position.

Abstract: The arrays of independently-addressable resistors are commonly used to control miniature elements. The invention proposes solving the problem caused by the loss of power dissipated in the addressed resistor by choosing, for this resistor, a material with a negative thermal coefficient resistance, which enables the addressing output of this resistor to be increased.

Abstract: A variable resistor formed on a silicon substrate, and changing a resistance value between an input terminal and an output terminal, includes a plurality of first resistors each having one end connected in common to the input terminal, and each having other end, a plurality of second resistors each having a resistance value smaller than the first resistors, and each having one end connected to the other end of any one of the first resistors, and a switch group interposed between the input terminal and the output terminal, and selecting one from the first resistors, and further, selecting at least one from the second resistors connected to the other end of the selected first resistor.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to semiconductor device having a trapezoid shaped resistive strip with a plurality of legs coupled along one strip edge to produce an analog sine wave.

Abstract: A digitally controllable resistor includes a substrate and at least one digitally controllable resistance stage formed on the substrate. Each of the stage(s) can include a first resistor connected in series with a switch and a second resistor connected in parallel with the first resistor and the switch. Each stage can also include a control line connected to the switch for opening and closing the switch in response to a control bit associated therewith. Multiple resistance stages can be connected in series and the digitally controllable variable resistor can be integrated onto a substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pulse resistor for a frequency converter in the higher voltage and capacity range. The inventive pulse resistor is characterized by comprising at least two bipolar subsystems (24) and a resistor element (14), said subsystems (24) and said resistor element (14) being connected in series. The inventive pulse resistor is devoid of the drawbacks of known pulse resistors, it can be finely controlled by a brake current (iB) and can be adapted to any medium voltage by simple means.

Abstract: A battery device has a plurality of batteries connected in series. Each of the batteries includes a thermally responsive switch, a first conductive plate connected to a first terminal of the thermally responsive switch, a second conductive plate connected to a common terminal of the thermally responsive switch, and a third conductive plate which functions as a bypass when it is connected to a second terminal of the thermally responsive switch. In normal operation, the thermally responsive switch is in contact with the first fixed contact of the movable contact such that the first and second conductive plates are electrically connected. When the battery heats up abnormally, exceeding a maximum permissible temperature, the bimetal strip is inverted such that the movable contact comes into contact with the second fixed contact and thus the second and third conductive plates become electrically connected.

Abstract: An electrical switch assembly for controlling an electrical appliance, wherein the assembly includes first and second electrical elements. The first element is an on/off switch for initially switching on the appliance. The second element is a pressure-sensitive variable resistor for adjusting the operating condition of the appliance. The variable resistor includes a first part having a resilient deformable and electrically conducting resistive surface and a second part. One of the parts is movable to press against the other part so that their surfaces bear against each other to make an electrical connection between the resistive surface and the element. The resistive surface and the element together provide a resultant resistance between the two contacts that declines as the area of contact increases corresponding to the pressure acting upon the two parts.

Abstract: A dry load test apparatus 40 comprises multi stage resistor bodies 57R, 57S and 57T for high voltage load tests. having a large number of flat shaped resistor assemblies Ri, Si and Ti consisting of numerous elongate resistor elements rj provided side by side in a flat shape with interval and serially connected at an end thereof, said large number of resistor assemblies Ri, Si and Ti being provided side by side with multi stages with interval in order that flat planes thereof become parallel so that numerous resistor element columns which are formed with corresponding said resistor elements rj of the multi stage resistor assemblies Ri, Si and Ti are provided.

Abstract: An electrical switch assembly for controlling an electrical appliance, which assembly comprises first and second electrical elements. The first element is an on/off switch for initially switching on the appliance. The second element is a pressure-sensitive variable resistor for subsequently adjusting the operating condition of the appliance. The variable resistor comprises a first part having a resilient deformable and electrically conducting resistive surface, and a second part having a surface including two contacts and a resistive element connecting the two contacts. One of the parts is movable to press against the other part such that their surfaces bear against one another, thereby causing the resistive surface to deform against the surface of the second part over an area of contact and causing electrical connection between the resistive surface and element.

Abstract: A built-in test system for aircraft indication switches comprises a plurality of aircraft indication switches and a first resistor adding network having input resistors individually connected to first contacts of different ones of the indication switches. The test system further includes a second resistor adding network having input resistors individually connected to second contacts of different ones of the indication switches. Output circuitry is provided for coupling outputs of the first and second resistor adding networks to an electronic control unit for the aircraft.

Abstract: In an appliance such as an oven for cooking food, the invention contemplates a user rotatable, single knob oven control device which provides both discrete and continuous control signals to the appliance controller. The discrete outputs indicate selection of oven features, and the continuous output the desired baking temperature. These inputs are selected by a user in response to rotation of a user interface knob mounted on a control panel. The control panel provides visual indication of oven cooking temperature selections through a first arc around the knob, and user selectable oven features (such as, e.g., OFF/CANCEL, BROIL, and CLEAN) in a second arc around the knob. The control device comprises a hub having a portion adapted to be drivably coupled to the user interface knob. The hub also includes a flange which has at least one cam. The device also includes a variable resistance element having a rotatable shaft in driving engagement with the hub.

Abstract: A layered electrical resistor having flat components stacked as follows: a first metal outer plate, a first thin outer electrical insulator, a first thin sheet metal resistor element, a first thin inner insulator, a metal midplate, a second thin inner insulator, a second thin sheet metal resistor element, a second thin outer insulator and a second metal outer plate. The stacked components are compressed together by rivets or otherwise. Each sheet metal resistor element is stamped, punched or otherwise cut with at least first and second terminals and interconnected ribbons forming a resistive path therebetween. A thermal fuse or other circuit breaker is thermally engaged with a seat on the midplate and is connected in a series circuit with the resistor elements to open the circuit to prevent overheating thereof. Structural tie bars are formed integrally with ribbons and terminals of the resistor elements and are severable therefrom before assembly of the components.

Abstract: A resistor with a thermal fuse includes: a substrate consisting of an insulating material; a wire pattern formed on a surface of the substrate; a gap for electrically cutting off the wire pattern; a plate spring consisting of an electrically conductive material arranged across the gap; an electrically conductive member fixed to one end of the plate spring on a side of the wire pattern and having approximately the same linear conduction coefficient as that of the substrate; a first low melting point alloy for welding the electrically conductive material and the wire pattern provided on one side of the gap; a second low melting point alloy for welding the other end of the plate spring and the wire pattern provided on the other side of the gap; wherein, when the first low melting point alloy is melted, the electrically conductive member is released from the first low melting point alloy so that the plate spring is also released from the wire pattern.

Abstract: An electronic circuit in which resistors R.sub.0 . . . R.sub.n+m are coupled in series with fusible cut-outs Q.sub.0 . . . Q.sub.n+m and in which at least one fusible cut-out Q.sub.n+1 . . . Q.sub.n+m is bridged by an additional resistor R.sub.n+1 ' . . . R.sub.n+m '. Each of the fusible cut-outs Q.sub.0 . . . Q.sub.n+m can be blown from a conductive to a non-conductive state. The total conductance Y.sub.total of the electronic circuit can thus be adjusted by targeted blowing of individual ones of the fusible cut-outs Q.sub.0 . . . Q.sub.n+m.

Abstract: A pseudo-random switched resistor for emulating a relatively high input impedance. The switched resistor comprises a relatively low value resistor, a semiconductor switch coupled to the resistor, and a pseudo-random pulse generator coupled to the switch for controlling the on time of the switch to emulate the relatively high input impedance. The random pulse generator comprises a plurality of cascaded circuits that are coupled to a flip flop. The plurality of cascaded circuits each comprise a shift register for receiving clock signals and for generating a sequence of (2.sup.N -1) pseudo-random numbers and a terminal count pulse at the end of every sequence, an N-bit binary counter for receiving the terminal count pulse which clocks it, and an equivalence circuit for comparing the outputs of the shift register and the binary counter and for generating an output signal when there is a match.

Abstract: A resistance-provided UHV breaker includes a tank, a main contact unit, a resistance unit, and a resistance contact unit. The main contact unit includes plural main contacts arranged in the axial direction of the tank. The resistance unit includes plural resistances arranged in the axial direction of the tank. The resistance contact unit cooperates with the resistance unit to form a resistant parallel circuit and it is arranged, crossing the axial direction of the tank. The main and resistance contact units are opened and closed by an operating mechanism arranged outside the tank.

Abstract: A resistor-provided UHV breaker includes a tank, a main contact unit, a resistor unit, a resistor contact unit, support members, and a displacement absorbing system. The support members are arranged between the main contact and the resistor unit to support the resistor unit relative to the main contact unit. The displacement absorbing system is arranged at both ends of the resistor unit to absorb the relative displacement of the resistor unit in its axial direction.

Abstract: The bimetal thermoswitch consists of an electrically insulating, flat carrier (1), at least two electric terminals (3, 4), which are secured to the carrier (1) and are respectively connected to a fixed contact (10), which is mounted on the carrier, and to a contact spring (8), which is secured at one end to the carrier (1) and at its other end carries a movable contact element (9), which cooperates with the fixed contact (10). The carrier (1) consists of an alumina ceramic slab.

Abstract: A reversible resistant device having the property of being normally non-conductive, but being adapted to being converted to the conductive state. This change in conductive state is achieved by subjecting the device to a high voltage or high electric field. The essence of the device is a normally non-conductive film located between conductive layers, the film being formed by metal oxide coated metal particles embedded in a binder. When subjected to a high a potential, the metal oxide coating loses its dielectric properties and renders the film conductive.

Abstract: The bimetal thermoswitch consists of an electrically insulating, flat carrier (1), at least two electric terminals (3, 4) which are secured to the carrier (1) and are respectively connected to a fixed contact (10), which is mounted on the carrier, and to a contact spring (8), which is secured at one end to the carrier (1) and at its other end carries a movable contact element (10), which cooperates with the fixed contact (10). The carrier (1) consists of an alumina ceramic slab.

Abstract: An integrated circuit socket is provided with an insulating member and a plurality of conductive socket pins extending from the insulating member. These socket pins are adapted to be electrically connected to the pins of an integrated circuit. A plurality of impedance elements are mechanically supported by the insulating member. Switches are provided for selectively connecting each of the impedance elements to, or isolating each of the impedance elements from, at least one of the socket pins, thereby providing the flexibility to terminate any combination of pins on the integrated circuit.

Abstract: A method of attaching a lead to a metal end cap of an otherwise complete miniature-type safety fuse having a fuse element secured to the interior of said end caps by connecting means, is characterized in that the attaching is effected by a soldering operation which comprises holding one end of said lead against said end cap, wherein the region where attachment is to take place there is a given amount of solder, and supplying to said region a metered amount of energy in the form of one or more energy pulses producing over a given period enough total energy to melt said quantity of solder, but of insufficient total energy to penetrate through said end cap and adversely affect the bonding of said fuse element thereto.

Abstract: A heating element for textiles is disclosed, which comprises a plane textile element and, combined with this, metal conductors, which can be connected to a source of electrical current and which oppose the electrical current flowing through them with a heat-producing resistance. As resistance elements, the conductors have metallic fibers or filaments with a denier like that of natural or synthetic textile fibers. The metallic fibers or filaments have an average cross sectional thickness of about 8 to about 24 microns.

Abstract: An improved high frequency selecting switch terminal comprising two conductor pins which are coaxial. When a conductor pin from a cable is inserted into the terminal, it pushes the front end of the first conductor pin forward into the front end of the second conductor pin. At the front ends of the first and second conductor pins are first and second sliding blocks which force the pins forward. Thus, input signals are transmitted from the cable to the switch. The terminal further comprises a thick film resistor which connects the front end of the second conductor pin and a conductor ring which is disposed on the front surface of the second sliding block. When the cable is removed, the first and second sliding blocks move to the original position and the conductor ring contacts with the rim of the terminal housing. In this way, the terminal absorbs undesirable signals from the surroundings so as to prevent interference.

Abstract: An improved multiple flashlamp array is disclosed having a plurality of low voltage type lamps fired individually and in sequence by means of a plurality of static solid switching devices capable of reliable actuation by radiant energy generated during flashing of the lamps. Initially, these switching devices have a high electrical resistance ("off position") and after being actuated by the heat and light radiation, they undergo chemical conversion to an electrically conductive state ("on position"). The switch devices are prepared in a conventional manner from a particulate mixture of silver oxide with oxidized copper metal and which further contains a particular organic polymer binder mixture. The low voltage flashlamps being fired in this manner require that the converted switch devices exhibit an electrical resistance after conversion not to exceed about 0.3 ohms.

Abstract: There is provided a current limiting fuse having a uniform and supported element with arc voltage controlling and shaping capabilities that can withstand high mechanical and electrical stress.

Abstract: A control unit, adapted to control a reversible, variable-speed electrical motor includes a control lever protruding through a U-shaped slot in a housing. Movement of the lever from one side to the other of the U-shaped slot controls the direction of rotation of the motor, and its position along a side of a slot determines the speed of rotation. The control lever is mounted to a pivotally mounted support member, which carries a linear potentiometer operated by the control lever, and includes a protruding portion which carries a toggle switch. The handle of the toggle switch is substantially restrained from motion, so that the switch is actuated to reverse the motor when the control lever is moved from one side of the U-shaped slot to the other.

Abstract: A circuit breaker fitted with a parallel resistor and provided with main contacts and resistor contacts arranged electrically in parallel with the main contacts wherein the resistor is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of Cr, CrN, Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2, CrB, NiO and Mgo. The resistor element generally is made of a material in which the product of the specific heat expressed in Cal/g.degree.C. with the density expressed in g/cm.sup.3 is at least 0.7.

Abstract: A multiple flashlamp array is disclosed having a plurality of lamps fired individually and in sequence by means of a plurality of static solid switching devices capable of reliable actuation by radiant energy generated during flashing of the lamps. Initially, these switching devices have a high electrical resistance ("off position") and after being actuated by the heat and light radiation, they undergo chemical conversion to an electrically conductive state ("on position"). The switch devices are prepared in a conventional manner from a particulate mixture of silver oxide with a metal exhibiting both thermal and electrical conductivity but which does not react exothermally with said silver oxide. A binder mixture is used which includes a conventional organic polymer binder which serves as a fuel during conversion of the silver oxide together with a second organic polymer binder which is more resistant to combustion.

Abstract: A one-time electrically-activated switch is composed of a cured polymeric binder which contains a powdered conductive material in an amount sufficient to establish particle-to-particle contact throughout the binder and in which the material powder particles have a non-conductive oxide surface sufficient to resist the flow of electricity below a given threshold. When a sufficiently high voltage is applied to the switch, the break-down voltage of the oxide layer is exceeded and avalanche current is permitted to flow. As a result, the oxide layer on the conductive particles breaks down along the break-down path and forms an irreversible low-impedance connection.

Abstract: The application discloses an electronic multirange step resistor for adjustment of a timing relay with an analog adjustment which is equipped with a switch for the selection of the various resistance ranges and which is further equipped with a turning knob for the analog adjustment within each selected range.

Abstract: Apparatus for ascertaining the upper level of oil or another liquid in a shallow or deep tank has a perforated vertical conduit which is installed in and extends to the bottom of the vessel. A vertical pipe is adjacent to the conduit and is sealed from the contents of the tank. The pipe contains electrical components which are connected to an indicating instrument and include a row of spaced-apart electric switches actuatable by a permanent magnet in a float which is movable up and down within the confines of the conduit so that the instrument receives signals denoting the actuated switch or switches and thus enables an attendant to ascertain the liquid level in the tank. The pipe and the conduit consist of several superimposed sections having flanges which are bolted or otherwise separably connected to each other to allow for convenient dismantling of the pipe and conduit and their transfer to storage or to another tank.

Abstract: An upright metallic pipe, which extends into the supply of liquid in a vessel adjacent to a conduit for a float with a permanent magnet which rises and falls with the upper level of liquid, contains an elongated flexible body having an impermeable insulating sheath and an insulating web in the sheath. The web carries a row of electric resistors and an adjacent row of electric switches which are connected with a level indicating instrument. The switches are actuated by the magnet to thereby change the number of resistors which are connected with the instrument. The flexible body can be withdrawn from the pipe and converted into a small package consisting of overlapping convolutions. Such conversion involves flexing the web in the regions between neighboring switches. Such regions are traversed by flexible conductors which connect the neighboring switches and/or resistors to each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in pneumatic or hydraulic pressure sensors with several thresholds of response.There often is a need for pressure sensors with several thresholds of response to predetermined pressure values. One such case exists with washing machines wherein loads at predetermined levels are required. The pressure sensor must therefore signal on the basis of the hydrostatic pressure the level of leading of the washing tub for the closing of, for example, an electric valve.According to the present invention, the pressure sensor provides for a "lung" comprising an elastic membrane exposed to pressure, which acts on an element that operates a group of electromechanical switching elements, each of which is sensitive to a preestablished actuating force corresponding in turn to a given response pressure of the pressure sensor.

Abstract: A jogging switch mechanism is provided for a potentiometer which permits the potentiometer shaft to be rotated either clockwise or counterclockwise and then, upon release, to return automatically to a very accurately centered neutral position. The neutral position may be an "off" position by positioning micro switches in the path of travel of the switch mechanism.