Abstract: An integrated circuit, a code generating method, and a data exchange method are described. The integrated circuit includes a plurality of field effect transistors, a plurality of sense-amplifiers, and a processing circuit. Each field effect transistor is configured to represent an address in a mapping table and includes a source, a drain, a channel and a gate. Each sense-amplifier is connected to the drain and configured to sense an electric current from the drain and identify a threshold voltage of the corresponding field effect transistor. The processing circuit is configured to categorize each of the threshold voltages identified by the corresponding sense-amplifiers into a first state and a second state and mark the state of each of the threshold voltages at the corresponding address in the mapping table.

Abstract: A wireless keyboard and reader combination comprises a keyboard having a plurality of keys, an antenna, and a plurality of passive transponder circuits, employing backscatter transmission coded in the time domain using a reflected series of pulses, coupled to the antenna and associated with the keys. For example, SAW transponders may be employed. The passive transponder circuits are selectively coupled to the antenna and provide a coded response identifying a key in response to key activation. An associated reader includes a source of an interrogating field applied to the antenna of the keyboard and a decoder for determining the coded response from the passive transponder circuits.

Abstract: A wireless remote control system is provided. This system includes a remote controller, plural detectors, and a decision module. The detectors are used for detecting the frequency a wireless signal emitted by the remote controller and respectively generate a detecting result. Based on at least one frequency difference between the detecting results, the decision module determines how the remote controller is moving and thereby generates a control signal. Because the decision module needs no knowledge of the frequency of the emitted wireless signal, the wireless remote controller has the advantages of small size, low cost, and low power consumption.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that provide ultra-wideband frequency hopping spread spectrum (UWB-FHSS) solutions for transmit and receive architectures. These UWB-FHSS transmit and receive architectures can transmit signals over an extremely wide bandwidth while using a relatively slow analog-to-digital converter (ADC) without suffering from unacceptable performance degradation. For example, ADCs can be used having sample rates lower than standard Nyquist criteria would require for the bandwidth of the spread spectrum utilized.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus with remote control functions including an operating module, a control module and a transmitting module is disclosed. The operating module generates at least one operating signal. The control module is coupled to the operating module and generates at least one first control signal and at least one second control signal according to the operating signal. The transmitting module is coupled to the control module and transmits the first control signal and the second control signal. The first control signal is within a first frequency range, and the second control signal is within a second frequency range.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a phase include comparing a phase of an in-phase output signal and a phase of a quadrature-phase output signal and generating a digital code corresponding to a comparison result, and controlling the phase of the in-phase output signal in response to quadrature-phase differential input signals and the digital code, and controlling the phase of the quadrature-phase output signal in response to in-phase differential input signals and the digital code, to make a phase difference between the in-phase output signal and the quadrature-phase output signal 90°.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting leading pulse edges of a signal includes a controller, hysteresis threshold comparators and qualification timers. The controller uses the outputs from the timers in order to determine whether or not a transition of the input signal constitutes a leading pulse edge of the input signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to export tuning data collected in a receiving device are disclosed. An example method of collecting audience measurement data comprises collecting tuning data within a receiving device, and modulating an LED associated with the receiving device to export the collected tuning data from the receiving device.

Abstract: A control system with a simplified control device (10) for direct selection of electronic media operations, and for programmed navigation through the content without using dedicated navigation functions of a media player. The simplified control device (10) includes a limited number of keys, comprising direct-select keys (20-26) and navigation keys (30-36), which transmit programmable number key signals rather than dedicated key signals. Direct-select keys (20-26) are visually associated with icons displayed by the medial player by shape, color, and/or the like. The icons are dynamically associated with portions of content and/or software instructions stored on a medium, such as a DVD. Activating a direct-select key (20-26) cause the media player to access the associated content and/or instructions.

Abstract: Electronic devices and accessories such as headsets for electronic devices are provided. A microphone may be included in an accessory to capture sound for an associated electronic device. Buttons and other user interfaces may be included in the accessories. An accessory may have an audio plug that connects to a mating audio jack in an electronic device, thereby establishing a wired communications link between the accessory and the electronic device. The electronic device may include power supply circuitry for applying bias voltages to the accessory. The bias voltages may bias a microphone and may adjust settings in the accessory such as settings related to operating modes. User input information may be conveyed between the accessory and the electronic device using ultrasonic tone transmission. The electronic device may also gather input from the accessory using a voltage detector coupled to lines in the communications path.

Abstract: Power consumption of an output stage such as a class-D output stage may depend on the amplitude and the activity of the signal being output. Here, control signals may be generated to independently control coupled switches of the output stage and to provide a tri-state control scheme for the output stage. These control signals may be generated based on durations of different levels of an input signal over one or more periods of time.

Abstract: An apparatus for demodulating a modulated signal comprises an analog to digital converter (2, 12) for converting an analog modulated input signal to a digital signal. The analog to digital converter is arranged to sample the input signal at a predetermined sampling rate. A digital down converter (4, 14) then receives the digital signal at the sampling rate. The digital down converter has an associated digital intermediate frequency and reduces the frequency of the digital signal to one quarter of the sampling rate. A low pass filter (6, 16) filters selected frequencies from the digital signal. A frequency offset stage (8, 18) applies a modification to the frequency of the filtered signal to reduce frequency offset therein, and a differential demodulator (10, 20) demodulates the signal after modifying the frequency to reduce the frequency offset. There is also disclosed a method for demodulating a signal.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter converts a frequency-modulated signal into a digital signal. The frequency-modulated signal is supplied to multiple comparators, such as low-pass filters, which determine whether the signal falls within their frequency ranges. The outputs of the comparators are converted into a digital output signal, e.g., by fat-tree encoding. Each comparator has a differently tuned capacitive load to cause a phase delay in the input signal. When the phase-delayed and non-phase-delayed signals are supplied to a D-Flop, the phase delay is determined by whether the latch conditions are met.

Abstract: A encoding/decoding method and device for a remote controller utilizing a baud rate to encrypt data for transmission. The encoding device includes an encoder encoding an identification code into an encrypted code; and an interpreter interpreting the un-encoded portion of the identification code and the encrypted code into a transmission signal. When the encrypted code is in a first base, the plain code corresponding to the encrypted code will be transmitted with a first baud rate; and when the encrypted code is in a second base, the plain code corresponding to the encrypted code will be transmitted with a second baud rate. The decoding device includes a receiver receiving the transmission signal; a interpreter connected to the receiver interpreting the transmission signal into a received signal; an encoder utilizing the same encoding algorithm as in the transmitter to generate a comparison code; and a processor comparing the received signal and the comparison code.

Abstract: Digital samples corresponding to a pulsed input signal are provided from an ADC to a memory for storage and to a pulse extraction circuit. The pulse extraction circuit detects the leading and trailing edges of pulses in the input signal. The digital samples are stored in both a Current memory buffer and a Next memory buffer. When a pulse trailing edge is detected, the Current buffer is stopped from storing further samples, the Next buffer becomes the Current buffer and a new buffer becomes the Next buffer. Digital data samples are then provided from the (previous) Current buffer after it has stopped storing samples.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus for data processing an audio signal includes an input terminal (1) for receiving the audio signal, a 1-bit A/D converter (4) for A/D converting the audio signal to for a bitstream signal, a prediction unit (10) for carrying out a prediction step on the bitstream signal to form a predicted bitstream signal, a signal combination unit (42) for combining the bitstream signal and the predicted bitstream signal to form a residue bitstream signal, and an output terminal (14) for supplying the residual bitstream signal.

Abstract: A three-order sigma-delta modulator having a feedback and a feedforward configuration. The three-order sigma-delta modulator includes: an analog-to-digital converter; a digital-to-analog converter; a first integrating network; a second integrating network connected in series to the first integrating network; a third integrating network connected in series to the second integrating network; and an adder, to combine a feedforward gain signal generated by passing the first output signal from the first integrating network through a feedforward gain unit with a modulation signal that is generated by passing the third output signal from the third integrating network through a modulation gain unit and to generate a desired noise transfer function.

Abstract: A remote control is operative to transmit a remote control signal composed of a first portion and a second portion. The first and second portions are typically a pulse and a space. The pulse has a pulse width of a given duration within a pulse width range, while the space has a space width of a given duration within a space width range. An interrupt signal provided to indicate the end of transmission of the remote control signal is disabled when a space portion requires a space width greater than the space width range. The interrupt signal signaling the end of the remote control transmission is then disabled for a predetermined period of time essentially equivalent to a length of time that the additional space exceeds the space width. During the predetermined period of time, the remote control thus transmits a space. The interrupt signal is then re-enabled after expiration of the predetermined period of time in order to allow for another remote control transmission.

Abstract: A a converter has a head part (1), which can be connected to an external data bus, and one or more connection modules (2), which can be connected to it by way of plug-in mounting in the form of rows. The head part (1) has a plug-in connection (3) with plug-in contacts (4) associated with an internal data bus; each connector module (2) has a counter plug-in connection (5) matching the plug-in connection (3) of the head part (1); counter plug-in contacts (6) of the counter plug-in connection (5) are connected to circuit connection contacts (7) for the connection of a circuit support (8) having an electronic circuit and to plug-in contacts (4) for the connection of the counter plug-in contacts (6) of a further connection module (2); each connection module (2) has at least one device connection (9) for the connection of an actuator or a sensor, which communicates via a bus.

Abstract: Tones that are generated by a telephone or PC (such as DTMF tones) and subject to loss or noise during generation or during transmission along a medium are detected and replaced with substantially noise-free and distortionless digital signals. In one embodiment, the replacement of the tones is done in a modem embodied in an Internet telephony Gateway/Terminal, such as in a network access server coupling a time division multiplexed telephone line to a packet-switched network. The replacement of the tones may also be performed in any suitable device that provides an interface between a time division multiplexed transmission medium and a packet switched data network, such as in the modems of a cellular telephone network to Internet network access server.

Abstract: The precision microwave/millimeter wave modulated signal source is a relatively low cost, compact, highly accurate and stable signal source covering the 2 to 40 Gigahertz frequency range. The pulse width and amplitude level of the output signal can be changed on every pulse in the signal pulse train. Pulse width range is 5 nanoseconds to 1 millisecond. Pulse repetition intervals can be changed between each pulse set with usable range from 10 nanoseconds to 100 milliseconds. Interval parameters can be adjusted with 1 nanosecond resolutions with stabilities of +/−200 picoseconds. The highly accurate and versatile selection of signal parameters, along with its compact size, makes this design useful as an embedded built in test signal source. This built in signal source can be used for verification of system performance for many electronic warfare systems.

Abstract: A apparatus for monitoring and controlling a power system having an alternating current bus. The apparatus includes a module which is coupled to the bus and which digitizes and modulates at least one of a voltage waveform and a current waveform present on the bus. A control unit which is also coupled to the bus demodulates the digitized waveform and calculates a parameter selected from the group consisting of average current, root mean square current, peak current, current crest factor, average voltage, root mean square voltage, peak voltage, voltage crest factor, voltage surge, current waveform shape, voltage waveform shape, current waveform harmonic structure, voltage waveform harmonic structure and combinations thereof. The calculated parameter is used to monitor conditions on the bus and control loads connected to modules of the system.

Abstract: A transmitter/receiver module of cordless keyboard assembly adapted to be received and fixed inside a disk driver slot provided on the front panel of a computer casing is disclosed, including a frame sized to be received within the disk driver slot, having two lateral sides each having a slot opposite to each other for receiving a transmitter/receiver circuit module in the form of a circuit board which includes an encoder for setting the operation frequency of the transmitter/receiver circuit by means of at least one manually depressible button provided on the circuit module. The circuit module also has a display for showing the operation frequency thereof. A cover lid made of a material through which the signal from/toward the transmitter/receiver circuit module is transmittable is provided to cover the front opening of the frame. The cover lid is provided with an opening for access to the depessible button and observation of the display.

Abstract: A remote control transmission circuit for generating a multicarrier under control of a single microcomputer. This transmission circuit is arranged so as to allow reduction of the number of the program commands and making it easy to perform a different process during the output of the multicarrier. The number of the shift circuits of the shift circuits 2a to 2f which are connected is set by a switching circuit 4. A change-over switch 6 performs the change-over operation as to whether a new shift circuit 5 is coupled. The change-over switch 6 is controlled by an overflow signal of a counter 7 whose count source is an inversion signal of the carrier (multicarrier) output 1. The control of the change-over switch 6 automatically controls the period for the correction of the carrier output 1 without the control due to the microcomputer.

Abstract: The present infra-red remote control transmitter understands external formats, and those with toggle-bits and different carrier frequency ranges, and transmits signals in these data formats to the appropriate devices, with or without a toggle-bit. The remote control receives and transmits infra-red formats and comprises an infra-red receiver with a microprocessor and/or with two carrier frequency oscillators to generate two modulation frequencies, in which case it is provided with two infra-red receivers. An externally formatted data word with toggle-bits is subjected, after being read at least twice, to a comparison inside the microprocessor, from which the presence of toggle-bits, their number, position and the carrier frequency of the data word are found.

Abstract: Multidigit counting wheel mechanism for a volume-measuring instrument. An absolute encoder for a measuring instrument includes a mechanical counting wheel mechanism consisting of five sensors, mounted in a plane perpendicular to a counting mechanism axle, for each counting wheel and a code, producing a digital rotary angle signal with a resolution of 12.degree., on each counting wheel, with the counting wheel mechanism being visually readable in a conventional manner, with the encoder not increasing the torque required for driving the counting mechanism.

Abstract: In a method for limiting the bandwidth of a selected binary signal (B), there is produced a modulated digital signal (D) which presents a continuous series of changes in signal level. The two occurrent logic states (1,0) are each represented by a respective symmetrical pulse train, wherein the frequencies f1, f2 of the pulse trains are mutually different. The higher frequency f2 is equal to the number of bits transmitted each second divided by two herz. The transition between the two pulse trains is arranged so that the integral of the resultant signal will be zero within the duration of three of four data bits. In a preferred embodiment of a coder and decoder each include a code word counter which, together with a combinatory logic circuit (code word table) activates or is activated by a shift register for transmitting or receiving respectively the modulated digital signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for transferring data between devices located on a serial data bus of a data communication system. A first counter and flag are provided which are associated with a device on the serial data bus. The first counter and flag are coupled to the serial data bus for determining temporal periods of high signal levels on the data bus. A second counter and flag also associated with the device on the serial data bus is coupled to the data bus for determining temporal periods of low signal levels on the data bus. A logic demodulator is provided which is coupled to the first and second counter and flag for demodulating the high and low signal levels to binary data and for using this binary data to perform a pertinent function of the device. A transmitter is coupled to an output of the first and second counter and flag and to the demodulation logic for modulating binary data received from the device while performing its pertinent function.