Abstract: An LCD panel, a driving method and a display device are provided. The LCD panel includes a fixed refresh rate mode or a dynamic refresh rate mode. In response to the variable refresh rate, the LCD panel provides a variable common voltage to the first electrode plate of the storage capacitor, thereby dynamically improving or eliminating the issues of the low voltage of the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A method of presenting media content is disclosed. A plurality of assets is received at a device comprising a display and an orientation sensor. The plurality of assets comprises a first video asset associated with a first aspect ratio, and a second video asset associated with a second aspect ratio, different from the first aspect ratio. A desired aspect ratio is determined based on an output of the orientation sensor. In accordance with a determination that the desired aspect ratio is closer to the first aspect ratio than to the second aspect ratio, the first video asset is selected. In accordance with a determination that the desired aspect ratio is closer to the second aspect ratio than to the first aspect ratio, the second video asset is selected. The selected video is presented at the desired aspect ratio via the display.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a substrate, a pixel circuit, an insulating layer including a contact hole, a lower electrode connected to the pixel circuit via the contact hole, an upper electrode, an organic layer between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, a rib formed of an inorganic material and including an aperture, and a partition above the rib. The organic layer includes a first organic layer in contact with the lower electrode via the aperture and a second organic layer located on the partition and spaced apart from the first organic layer. The partition overlaps an entire of the contact hole in plan view.

Abstract: An elongated stylus is configured to be capacitively coupled with a sensor array providing a plurality of electrodes to indicate a position on the sensor array. The stylus includes a housing having an end in an elongated direction of the housing, a conductive tip disposed at least partially extended from the end of the housing, an electrode disposed around the conductive tip and configured to at least partially expose the conductive tip, and a signal transmit drive circuit configured to provide a signal. Control is performed to form an electrical connection between the electrode and a ground and an electrical connection between the electrode and the signal transmit drive circuit when the elongated stylus is activated for capacitive coupling with the sensor array.

Abstract: An electronic device according to various embodiments comprises: a housing, a display including a main display area and at least one expandable display area, the at least one expandable display area is hidden in the housing in a slide-in state and exposed to outside in a slide-out state and the main display area is exposed to outside in the slide-in state and the slide-out state, a communication module including communication circuitry, and a processor operatively connected to the display and the communication module, wherein the processor is configured to: control the display to display first content on the main display area in the slide-in state in which the at least one expandable display area is hidden in the housing, establish a connection with an external device through the communication module, determine a first area to display the first content and a second area to display second content based on information received from the external device through the communication module in the slide-out state in w

Abstract: A method of simultaneously displaying a first video feed, a second video feed, and a map overlay within a single window that is generated by a mobile application includes identifying, using the mobile application that is stored in a mobile device, the first video feed that is generated by a front-facing camera; identifying, using the mobile application, the second video feed that is generated by a rear-facing camera; generating, using the mobile application, the map overlay using location data of the mobile device; creating, using the mobile application and a GPU of the mobile device, the single window that includes the first video feed, the second video feed, and the map overlay; displaying, on UI and using the mobile application, the single window; recording, using the mobile application, the displayed single window; and storing the recording of the displayed single window as a single video file.

Abstract: An embodiment method for operating an electronic device includes transmitting, from a controller, a tearing effect (TE) signal to a touchscreen over a first period of time, the first period of time occurring during a first frame and having a duration that is shorter than a period of the first frame, the TE signal being configured to restrict image data from being displayed on the touchscreen during the first period of time; displaying the first frame of a plurality of frames of the image data on a display of the touchscreen over a second period of time within the period of the first frame other than during the first period of time; and detecting, at the controller, a first touch by performing a first self-sensing scan during the first period of time.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and media for displaying information related to displayed content upon detection of user attention are provided. In some implementations, a method for presenting information to a user is provided, the method comprising: detecting a presence of a user; retrieving content and associated content metadata; causing the content to be presented to the user in response to detecting the presence of the user; detecting a user action indicative of user attention to at least a portion of the content presented to the user; and in response to detecting the user action, causing information to be presented to the user, wherein the information presented to the user corresponds to the content metadata associated with the portion of the content.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a display and at least one processor operatively connected to the display. The at least one processor is configured to receive a request to modify how to select an interactive element that is displayed at a first location on the display. The interactive element is configured to launch an operation when selected. The at least one processor is also configured to associate an input mechanism with the interactive element for launching the operation based on the request. The at least one processor is further configured to perform the operation associated with the interactive element in response to receiving the input mechanism.

Abstract: Initiating continued movement output may include a sensor with at least one capacitance sense electrode, a controller in communication with the sensor, memory in communication with the controller, and programmed instructions stored in the memory and configured, when executed, to cause the capacitance controller to detect a first characteristic of a movement input corresponding to an object moving proximate the sensor along a capacitance movement vector, apply a display movement vector to an output in a display, detect a second characteristic of the movement input corresponding to the object reaching an edge of the field of the sensor and continue to apply the display movement vector in the display as an output in response to detecting the second characteristic of the movement input, where the display movement vector magnitude and direction are determined by the capacitance movement vector magnitude and direction.

Abstract: A method for touchless gesture recognition is provided. The method includes transmitting ultrasonic signals via a speaker. The method includes generating ultrasonic signals. The method includes receiving the reflected ultrasonic signals from an object via two or more microphones. The method includes computing a frequency shift according to the reflected ultrasonic signals. The method includes identifying a gesture that corresponds to a movement of the object according to the frequency shift. The method includes performing a function that corresponds to the gesture.

Abstract: Provided are a display panel, a preparation method thereof, and a display device. The display panel includes a display substrate and a touch panel. The touch panel includes multiple touch electrodes. At least one of the touch electrodes includes multiple grid patterns enclosed by metal wires. At least one of the grid patterns includes a first edge, second edge, third edge and fourth edge that form a ring. The first edge and the third edge extend in a second direction. The second edge and the fourth edge extend in a first direction. A shape of the grid pattern includes a first curved ring, a second curved ring, a third curved ring, or a fourth curved ring. A first edge and third edge of the first curved ring are curves curved towards a direction opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: The present application discloses a touch control panel and a display device. The touch control panel includes a touch control electrode array including a plurality of first touch control electrodes and at least one second touch control electrode, an area of the second touch control electrode is smaller than an area of each of the first touch control electrodes; a compensation electrode disposed on the second touch control electrode and electrically connected to the second touch control electrode, wherein the compensation electrode is configured to compensate and expand the area of the second touch control electrode; and a touch control connection pad, wherein the touch control electrode array is electrically connected to the touch control connection pad through a touch control signal line.

Abstract: A sensor control board in a display apparatus includes a display device and a position detector, the display device including a plurality of image elements each having a first end that receives input of a common potential and a second end that receives input of an individual potential, the image elements being arrayed in a grid pattern, the position detector located either above or below the display device, the position detector detecting a pointed position on the display device, the sensor control board outputting a transmission signal to the position detector. The sensor control board includes a clock generation circuit which, in operation, generates a clock signal, and a phase adjustment circuit which, in operation, adjusts a phase of the clock signal such that the phase is inverted at each predetermined timing and output an adjusted clock signal as the transmission signal to the position detector.

Abstract: The present application provides techniques of selecting interactive objects The techniques comprise receiving a touch operation intended for a target interactive object, and determining a touch position of the touch operation; detecting a moving direction of the touch operation in response to determining that the touch position is located in a buffer area preset for the target interactive object; and determining to select the target interactive object in response to determining that the moving direction points toward a body area preset for the target interactive object.

Abstract: A display device including a display panel including a flat area including a first display area and a first peripheral area adjacent to the first display area and a bending area including a second display area and a second peripheral area adjacent to the second display area, and an input sensing unit on the display panel. The input sensing unit includes first touch sensors having a mesh shape, extending in a first direction parallel to a bending axis of the bending area, and arranged in a second direction crossing the first direction, second touch sensors having a mesh shape, extending in the second direction, and arranged in the first direction, first connection electrodes respectively connected to ends of the first touch sensors, second connection electrodes respectively connected to ends of the second touch sensors, and touch signal lines connected to the first connection electrodes and the second connection electrodes.

Abstract: A display device can include a display panel including pixels and touch electrodes; a timing controller to output a touch enable signal based on a display driving section for displaying image and a second level in a touch driving section for providing a touch driving signal to the touch electrodes; and a touch driver configured to provide a common voltage or the touch driving signal to the touch electrodes based on the touch-enable signal, in which a frame section comprises a plurality of long horizontal blank (LHB) sections, each including the display driving section and the touch driving section. Also, the touch enable signal includes a first level during the display driving section and second level during the touch driving section, the timing controller adjusts the touch enable signal by varying a period of the first level and a period of the second level.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a wireless charging system, a chip, and a wireless charging circuit. The wireless charging system includes an electronic device and a stylus, where the electronic device is configured to wirelessly charge the stylus; and the stylus includes a wireless charging circuit. The wireless charging circuit includes a first coil, a chip, and a first battery, the chip includes a rectifier, a charger unit, a micro-control unit, and a protocol encoding/decoding unit. The charger unit includes a voltage-stabilizing charging circuit, a boost charging circuit, or a switched capacitor charging circuit; and the charger unit is configured to charge the first battery by using the direct current signal from the rectifier. For the stylus, energy is coupled from the coil, passes through the chip, and then is directly output to a battery of the stylus.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device includes a first sensing electrode extending in a first direction, the first sensing electrode including a first sub-sensing electrode and a second sub-sensing electrode spaced apart from each other in a touch area which senses a touch input; a second sensing electrode extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, the second sensing electrode including a third sub-sensing electrode and a fourth sub-sensing electrode spaced apart from each other in the touch area; a first touch signal line connected to the first sub-sensing electrode and the second sub-sensing electrode; and a second touch signal line connected to the third sub-sensing electrode and the fourth sub-sensing electrode.

Abstract: An adaptive display method and apparatus for a virtual scene, an electronic device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product are provided, and the method includes: displaying a virtual scene and a plurality of buttons with different sizes; obtaining, in response to touch operations on the plurality of buttons with different sizes, touch areas corresponding to the touch operations; and updating and displaying the virtual scene, sizes of buttons included in the updated virtual scene being adapted to the touch areas corresponding to the touch operations.

Abstract: Touch sensor panels/screens can include negative temperature coefficient materials in the stack-up and routing traces with expanded areas to reduce thermal drift and minimize the detection of false touches. In some examples, the touch sensor panels/screens can include a plurality of touch electrodes in a first layer. In some examples, the sensor panels/screens can include one or more dielectric materials in a second layer, the one or more dielectric materials including a negative temperature coefficient material. In some examples, the touch sensor panels/screens can include a plurality of routing traces in a third layer, the plurality of routing traces routing the plurality of touch electrodes to a touch controller chip.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mask, a display panel, and a method for manufacturing thereof. The display panel includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area, and the peripheral area comprises a wiring area and a bonding area. The wiring area is provided with a first ground wiring. In the present invention, the first ground wiring is routed through a double-layer or multi-layer metal wiring, and an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection effect can be achieved in the use of a finished product.

Abstract: A super first-class cabin includes a monitor disposed in the ceiling structure, a controller to render images on the monitor, and cameras to capture real-time streaming environmental images and renders them on the monitor. At the passenger's request, or when the passenger reclines, the controller may render a selection of mood affective images, for example to promote sleep if desired. Such mood affective images may be organized into a schedule associated with phases of flight to gently wake the passenger and prepare them for the end of the flight. The monitor may be employed to reduce the effects of flight-base time-disassociation by varying a daylight color scheme over the course of long flights, simulating a day/night routine to align the time of day at the origin of the flight with the time of day at the destination.

Abstract: An interaction method for a display device includes: receiving a laser signal emitted by an emission device, wherein the laser signal is displayed on a laser sensing screen of the display device in at least one laser cursor; obtaining position information of the at least one laser cursor on the laser sensing screen; obtaining operation information transmitted by the emission device; and performing a corresponding operation according to the operation information and the position information of the at least one laser cursor. A display device and a non-transitory storage medium are also provided.

Abstract: An application window display method and a terminal. The method includes displaying, by a terminal, a first GUI, where the first GUI includes a first application window, receiving, by the terminal, an input operation performed on the first application window, and displaying, by the terminal, a second GUI in response to the input operation, where the second GUI includes a soft keyboard at a fixed display location, and an area in the second GUI other than the soft keyboard includes the completely displayed first application window, and the display location of the soft keyboard in the second GUI partially or completely overlaps a display location of the first application window in the first GUI.

Abstract: A display device includes subpixels on a substrate, position code patterns having a predetermined position code shape, when viewed in a plan view, each position code pattern being disposed at a region between at least two adjacent subpixels, and a pixel-defining layer defining a region where each subpixel is disposed and covering the position code patterns. The plurality of position code patterns are formed in a planar code shape and are configured to reflect light incident through the pixel-defining layer.

Abstract: A display control method includes: receiving a first input performed by a user in a case that a first communication window is displayed on a screen of a terminal device; and displaying at least one first control on the screen in response to the first input. The at least one first control is associated with a display content of the first communication window, each of the at least one first control respectively corresponds to at least one object, and the display content of the first communication window includes at least one of a communication title, a communication content or a communication object.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a display section; a touch sensor section which is arranged on a screen of the display section and detects touching of a manipulation medium on the screen; a denoising filter part which acquires first detected position data on the manipulation medium on the screen detected at predetermined detection intervals in response to touching of the manipulation medium on the screen, denoises the first detected position data on the basis of the first detected position data and thereby generates second detected position data; and an input processing part which acquires the second detected position data that the denoising filter part generates and makes the display section display a movement locus of the manipulation medium that the manipulation medium is moved on the screen in a state of touching on the screen on the basis of the second detected position data.

Abstract: An electronic device according to various embodiments of the disclosure comprises: a foldable housing, a flexible display, a communication circuit, a sensor module, a processor, and a memory. The memory can store instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to sense whether an event configured to display a user interface has occurred, identify an angle between a first housing and a second housing using the sensor module, determine, based on the identified angle, at least one area for displaying the user interface from among at least one edge area or folding area of the flexible display, and control the display to display the user interface in the determined at least one area.

Abstract: An electronic device according to various embodiments includes: a display, a sensor module including a touch sensor configured to receive a touch input and generate touch data, a memory, and a processor operatively connected to the display, the sensor module, and the memory, wherein the processor is configured to: generate a first filter having a first time filter value and a first magnitude filter value, generate a second filter having a second time filter value greater than the first time filter value and a second magnitude filter value greater than the first magnitude filter value, acquire the touch data including a first point where a touch starts and a second point where the touch ends, apply the first filter based on a moving from the first point to the second point being closer to a center line that vertically bisects a keyboard, apply the second filter based on the moving being farther away from the center line, determine that a key of the keyboard corresponding to the first point has been touched bas

Abstract: An electronic device includes a substrate, a touch layer and a structure layer. The touch layer includes a plurality of touch units on the substrate. The structure layer is disposed on the substrate, wherein the structure layer includes a plurality of structures. At least one of the touch units partially overlaps with at least two of the structures of the structure layer.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a plurality of first pixels disposed in a first display area and a plurality of second pixels disposed in a second display area adjacent to the first display area, a gate driver disposed in the second display area of the display panel to overlap a portion of the second pixels and driving the first and second pixels, a controller receiving image data and converting the image data to image signals, and a data driver converting the image signals to data signals and outputting the data signals to the first and second pixels. The controller compensates for effective data corresponding to the second pixels and reflects the compensated effective data to the image signals.

Abstract: The present application discloses a signal transmitting and receiving method, a network apparatus, and a terminal, for reducing power consumption of terminals. The signal transmitting method comprises: a network apparatus determining a wake-up identifier of a terminal to be awakened, wherein the terminal is a terminal that needs to be awakened during a discontinuous reception (DRX) period, the wake-up identifier is a wake-up identifier configured by the network apparatus for at least one terminal to be awakened; and the network apparatus generating, according to the wake-up identifier, an energy saving instruction signal and transmitting the same, the energy saving instruction signal instructing the terminal to monitor a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) during the DRX period.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a display panel, a display driving circuit, and at least one processor operatively connected to the display driving circuit. The at least one processor may be configured to: determine a resolution of each of a plurality of applications, and generate a frame image including regions corresponding to execution screens of the plurality of applications and determined resolutions of the plurality of applications, based at least partially on the resolutions of the plurality of applications and/or information on a display region corresponding to the execution screens of the plurality of applications on the display panel, and transmit, to the display driving circuit, the frame image and coordinate information of each of the regions included in the frame image.

Abstract: A drive control method and a related device for a display panel that has different display areas are provided. Time-divided drive control is performed on pixel scan circuits corresponding to the different display areas, so that in a scenario in which some display areas do not need to display an image, a pixel scan circuit may be left idle for some time, to reduce power consumption required by the pixel scan circuits for scanning pixels in this time period. In addition, in the embodiments of this application, time-divided drive control is further performed on touch scan circuits and fingerprint scan circuits corresponding to the different display areas, independent power supplying is further used for pixels in the different display areas, and some functions of a display driver are enabled in a time-divided manner.

Abstract: A display device including a display panel; a pressure sensor disposed under the display panel and including a first protrusion at one side thereof; and a waterproofing member disposed under the display panel and including a first accommodation portion at one side thereof facing the one side. The protrusion of the pressure sensor is disposed to face the first accommodation portion of the waterproofing member, and the first protrusion is inserted in the first accommodation portion.

Abstract: An information handling system includes a memory, a baseboard management controller (BMC), and a basic input/output system (BIOS). The memory stores a secure boot policy for a plurality of input/output (I/O) devices in the information handling system. The BMC performs a firmware update for a first I/O device of the I/O devices. In response to the firmware update being completed successfully, the BMC creates a system management task. During a next boot after the creation of the system management task, the BIOS detects the system management task. The BIOS calculates a new hash value for a firmware image of the firmware update. The BIOS replaces a previous hash value with the new hash value in the secure boot policy.

Abstract: A docking accessory platform adapted to couple to a mobile electronic device includes a first docking connector portion comprising a first magnetic element configured to detachably attach to a second docking connector portion of a power accessory, where the second docking connector portion comprises a second magnetic element. The docking accessory platform also includes a back portion opposite the first docking connector portion, the back portion configured to be secured against a back surface of the mobile electronic device, and a side portion configured to extend around at least a portion of a side of the mobile electronic device. The power accessory includes an accessory body and an electronic assembly within the accessory body, where the electronic assembly includes a battery and electronics operable to wirelessly transfer power through the platform, between the battery and the mobile electronic device.

Abstract: An object is to provide an optical system capable of improving the brightness of a main image while eliminating a ghost image. In an optical system including: an image display device that emits an image; a linear polarizer through which light associated with the image passes; a first quarter wavelength plate which receives the light from the linear polarizer; a half mirror; a reflective polarizer; and a second quarter wavelength plate provided between the reflective polarizer and the half mirror, retardance of the first quarter wavelength plate and retardance of the second quarter wavelength plate are equal, and thus the object is achieved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sight system incorporating offset optical components. One embodiment is a sight system supporting multiple laser beams that are used simultaneously. As such, an assembly having two clamps is provided. Each clamp can hold a laser on opposite sides of a firearm barrel. The lasers can be diametrically opposed on the barrel wherein the lasers are in plane with a projectile axis. The lasers can project at the same time to bracket the location on the target of where the projectile hit impact. In another embodiment, the assembly, again with two clamps, is adapted for use with a bow, wherein the clamps support lasers that are in plane with the projectile axis. In another embodiment, the optical component is one or more cameras, wherein reticles can be displayed on a screen to bracket a target.

Abstract: A touch sensor including: a touch sensing area including driving electrodes and sensing electrodes; a driving signal generator which determines phases of driving signals based on a reference code and supplies the driving signals to the sensing electrodes, wherein the driving signals are sine waves; and a touch processor which receives sensing signals according to the driving signals from the sensing electrodes and determines a touch position based on the sensing signals and the reference code, wherein the driving signal generator controls the phases of the driving signals by updating the reference code at a predetermined time point.

Abstract: Provided is a handheld fluid transfer apparatus, more particularly a pipette or repeater pipette, and a laboratory system comprising the handheld fluid transfer apparatus, which comprises: a control apparatus, which comprises a data processor capable to execute a control program for controlling at least one electronically controllable function of the handheld fluid transfer apparatus using input data, a user interface device for receiving a user input, the user interface device comprising a motion sensor device for measuring motion data of the handheld fluid transfer apparatus and for providing at least one motion data sequence, which contains subsequently measured motion data, a motion data memory for storing the at least one motion data sequence, an evaluation device being configured to determine the input data in dependence on the evaluation of the at least one motion data sequence. A method is provided for operating the fluid transfer apparatus or the laboratory system.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a work vehicle with which it is difficult for an operator to lose a sense of directionality even when the operator performs an operation while seeing an image of a remote control terminal. In a work vehicle (crane 1) which is provided with: a traveling body (2); a boom (7) supported by the traveling body (2); and a camera (61) supported by the boom (7), and which can guide a pivot operation of the boom (7) by means of a remote control terminal (70), an image display device (73) is provided in the remote control terminal (70) and a control device (20) is provided which is capable of recognizing the support direction of the camera (61) by the boom (7) and an angle ? of a location direction of the remote control terminal (70) with respect to the camera (61), whereby an image rotated on the basis of the angle (?) and cut in a circular shape is displayed on the image display device (73).

Abstract: An apparatus is configured to efficiently recognize a gesture by interworking with an infotainment system. The apparatus obtains information about the gesture of a user, is connected with the infotainment system of a vehicle to identify a state of the infotainment system, branches a gesture allowed in recognition, based on the state of the infotainment system, and performs gesture recognition, based on the information about the sensed gesture and a result of branching the gesture allowed in recognition. The apparatus addresses overload and reliability degradation problems according to continuous image recognition.

Abstract: A gaming controller docking accessory adapted to couple to a platform of a mobile electronic device includes a plurality of buttons arranged on a control panel of the gaming controller, as well as a first docking connector portion having a first magnetic element configured to detachably attach to a second docking connector portion of the platform. The second docking connector portion includes a second magnetic element. The first docking connector portion is configured to detachably attach the game controller docking accessory to the platform in a landscape orientation such that a longest length of the gaming controller docking accessory is parallel to a longest length of the mobile electronic device.

Abstract: A foldable electronic device includes a first housing structure, a second housing structure, a first display foldable about a folding area depending on an arrangement state corresponding to an angle between the first housing structure and the second housing structure, a second display, a hinge structure disposed between the first housing structure and the second housing structure, a driver that operates depending on at least one drive signal of a plurality of drive signals to rotate the hinge structure, a processor, and a memory that stores instructions that cause the processor to change the arrangement state depending on occurrence of a first event in the foldable electronic device.

Abstract: A display device can include a substrate including a display area and a non-display area. The display device can further include a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed on the substrate, and a sealing layer disposed on the plurality of light-emitting elements. The display device also can include a touch detection part disposed on the sealing layer in the display area, and a plurality of touch routing lines connected to the touch detection part in the non-display area. Further, the display device can include a shield part disposed to surround two opposite sides and a lower side of one or more touch routing lines among the plurality of touch routing lines.

Abstract: An information handling system touchpad includes an application area with a display to present control icons of an application executing on the information handling system, such as camera and microphone icons to control camera and microphone functions of a videoconference application. A gesture at the touchpad in the application area commands presentation and removal of the control icons at the touchpad display in the application area while different touch analysis logic is applied to end user touches in the application area versus the remainder of the touchpad at which cursor inputs are accepted.

Abstract: A method for identifying a gesture from one of a plurality of dynamic gestures, each dynamic gesture comprising a distinct movement made by a user over a period of time within a field of view of an image acquisition device comprises iteratively: acquiring a current image from said image acquisition device at a given time; and passing at least a portion of the current image through a bidirectionally recurrent multi-layer classifier. A final layer of the multi-layer classifier comprises an output indicating a probability that a gesture from the plurality of dynamic gestures is being made by a user during the time of acquiring the image.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus capable of receiving a touch operation and a touchless operation includes an operation control unit configured to control an operation method by enabling any one of the touch operation and the touch operation according to the setting information related to the operation method, and the operation control unit controls the operation method according to the operation method of the detected operation of a user if the operation method cannot be determined only by the setting information.