Abstract: A sunlight exposure indicator device is disclosed that can determine the amount of time (e.g., hours) of PAR sunlight that occurs in a specific area for the optimal growth of a plant, as corresponds to the plant industry common designations of Full Shade, Partial Shade, Partial Sun and Full Sun. These designations can be used to determine plant selection for all types of plants including grasses, shrubs, flowers, vegetables and herbs, and trees. This device utilizes irreversible, slow-reacting, photochromic pigments applied to a substrate. Using multiple instances of this device will allow someone to easily test and accurately determine the amount of PAR sunlight (hours) received during a one-day sunlight cycle in multiple spots simultaneously. The sunlight exposure indicator device is a one-time-use, non-electronic, disposable device.

Abstract: A laser transmission characteristic value determination method for determining an appropriate transmission characteristic value of a laser so that a marked letter becomes a predetermined font size or more when marking a letter on a surface of a heat shrinkable tube formed on the outer periphery of a battery cell.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an apparatus body, a cover, a cartridge, and a controller. The cartridge includes a second memory storing lifetime information indicating lifetime of the cartridge and identification information unique to the cartridge. In a case where the lifetime information indicates the initial value for the lifetime, the controller is configured to perform setting the cartridge to be usable in the image forming apparatus. In a case where the controller determines that the lifetime information does not indicate the initial value for the lifetime of the cartridge, the controller is configured to perform judging whether the identification information stored in the second memory matches a registration identification information stored in a first memory of the apparatus body. In a case where the identification information matches the registration identification information, the controller is configured to perform determining that the cartridge is usable for the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: There is provided a laser light irradiating device that includes a spatial light modulator configured to modulate laser light output from a laser light source according to a phase pattern and emit the modulated laser light, an objective lens configured to converge the laser light emitted from the spatial light modulator onto the object, a focusing lens arranged between the spatial light modulator and the objective lens in an optical path of the laser light and configured to focus the laser light, and a slit member arranged at a focal position on a rear side of the focusing lens in the optical path of the laser light and configured to block a part of the laser light.

Abstract: An optical connector includes: a base substrate; an optical fiber on the base substrate; a plurality of optical devices having different wavelength bands and arranged in a curved shape concave toward the optical fiber to surround an end surface of the optical fiber; and an optical path changing device between the optical fiber and the plurality of optical devices and configured to diffract or refract incident light at different angles according to wavelength bands of the incident light. According to the optical connector, the arrangement of a plurality of light-emitting or light-receiving devices may be simplified and the number of communication channels may be easily increased in a multiplexing or demultiplexing structure in which a plurality of communication channels are provided using a single optical fiber.

Abstract: A drawing and erasing apparatus includes a light source section that includes a plurality of laser elements different from each other in emission wavelength, a multiplexer that multiplexes a plurality of types of laser light beams outputted from the plurality of laser elements, a scanner section that performs scanning with multiplexed light outputted from the multiplexer on a reversible recording medium including a plurality of recording layers, the plurality of recording layers being reversible and different from each other in developed color hue, and a controller that controls a main scanning speed and a sub-scanning speed of the scanner section to cause the scanner section to perform overlapping scanning of a predetermined region on the reversible recording medium during erasure of information written on the reversible recording medium.

Abstract: Provided is a light projection device and a light projection device for vehicle, and the light projection device includes: a light source having light emission portions disposed side by side in a predetermined direction; convex lenses, which focus light irradiated from the light emission portions; an optical scanner having a mirror portion that scans the light passing through the convex lenses, and a drive source swinging the mirror portion; and a projection lens disposed between the convex lenses and the mirror portion, or disposed in a position to which the light scanned from the mirror portion is projected. The convex lenses are disposed side by side in the predetermined direction at intervals so that the light transmitted through and focused by the convex lenses in a stationary state comes close.

Abstract: A system for preparing a photopolymer printing plate includes an imager, a plate unloader configured to automatically unload the plate from the imager and deliver the plate to an exposure unit comprising a plurality of UV LEDs, and a controller configured to operate the imager, the plate unloader, and the exposure unit. The imager has a rotatable drum configured to rotate while laser beams ablate portions of an ablatable layer of the printing plate in accordance with imaging data. The UV LEDs include a back array and a front array configured to expose the front of the UV-curable plate, at least one of which is configured to emit UV radiation toward the plate during relative motion between the plate and the array.

Abstract: An optical scanner including a first movable portion provided with a light reflecting portion, a second movable portion in which the first movable portion is positioned on an inner side, a first axis portion that connects the first movable portion and the second movable portion to one another and oscillatably supports the first movable portion around a first axis, a second axis portion that is connected to the second movable portion and oscillatably supports the second movable portion around a second axis that intersects the first axis, and an elastic portion provided in the second axis portion, in which the second axis portion has a hole and the elastic portion is disposed in the hole.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, in an image forming apparatus, a frame that supports a transfer belt conveying a toner image in a conveyance direction and image forming units aligned along the transfer belt is provided with a dowel hole between the image forming units in a direction parallel to the conveyance direction and is also provided with an elongated hole having a long axis in a direction parallel to the conveyance direction, a dowel between the exposure units of a chassis supporting exposure units in a direction parallel to the conveyance direction is fitted to the dowel hole, and another dowel is inserted into the elongated hole.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an oscillator configured to oscillate a laser beam, an irradiation portion configured to radiate the laser beam oscillated by the oscillator to an outside, a light absorption unit configured to absorb the laser beam and to convert the laser beam to heat, and a control unit including at least one processor and at least one memory. The control unit is configured to control the irradiation portion to press the irradiation portion against a workpiece via the light absorption unit and irradiating the workpiece with the laser beam via the light absorption unit, so as to perform image forming processing.

Abstract: A dampening fluid recycling system may include a print station having an imaging member with a reimageable surface, a dampening fluid deposition subsystem for applying a layer of dampening fluid onto the reimageable surface, and a dampening fluid recovery subsystem configured to remove excess dampening fluid vapor that does not condense over the reimageable surface. The dampening fluid deposition subsystem may include a dampening fluid supply chamber, a dampening fluid supply channel, and a dampening fluid supply channel outlet. The dampening fluid supply chamber may include an inlet tube and a tube body that may be a split tube. The dampening fluid supply channel may attach to the split tube and descend towards the imaging member to deliver fluid vapor from both parts of the first split tube onto the reimageable surface of the imaging member.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a deflector for deflecting a beam emitted from a light source, the deflector including a rotatable polygonal mirror for reflecting the beam, a motor for rotating the rotatable polygonal mirror, a substrate carrying the motor and provided with a circuit for driving the motor, and a magnetometric sensor carried on the substrate; an optical box accommodating the deflector. The substrate is provided with two holes for fastening the substrate to the optical box. The optical box is provided with two contact portion contacting the substrate in a state that the substrate is fastened to the optical box through the two holes. The magnetometric sensor is disposed at a position closer to a line m connecting the two holes than to a line n connecting two positions on the substrate where the two contact portions contact.

Abstract: Disclosed are a laser marking equipment and system. The equipment includes: a laser marking machine and a control platform. The laser marking machine is controlled by the control platform, the laser marking machine includes: a laser device and a galvanometer, the galvanometer being configured to move at a predetermined moving speed; and the laser device being configured to output laser; the laser marking equipment further includes: a first obtaining module obtaining coordinate and a gray scale value of the target image pixel dot; a first calculation module calculating output power of the target image pixel dot; a second obtaining module obtaining the material information to be marked; a third obtaining module obtaining corresponding material output power; a secondary calculation module calculating an amended output power; and a control module controlling the laser device to output laser specific to each target image pixel dot.

Abstract: A device for marking an ophthalmic lens (3), the lens (3) being made of at least one preset material, includes a laser (1) configured to produce permanent engravings on the lens (3) and configured to emit a focused beam of pulsed ultraviolet laser radiation that includes at least one radiation wavelength ranging between 200 nm and 300 nm, has a pulse length ranging between about 0.1 ns and about 5 ns, and has an energy per pulse ranging between about 5 ?J and about 100 ?J. A laser marking process configured to produce permanent engravings on an ophthalmic lens (3) via this device is also described.

Abstract: A micro controller unit including an error indicator hardware module, the error indicator module being arranged to respond to event signals representative of internal and external fault and error events perturbing the micro controller unit function by registering in non-volatile memory a record of the nature of each of the events, wherein the record of the events is inaccessible to alteration.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a light source, a deflector configured to deflect a light flux from this light source to scan a surface to be scanned in a main-scanning direction, an incident optical system configured to guide the light flux from the light source to a deflection surface of the deflector, and an imaging optical system configured to guide the light flux deflected by the deflector to the surface to be scanned. The optical scanning apparatus satisfies the following conditions: 0.5<|?si|<2.2, 3.0<|?so|<10.0, and 0.2<Li/Lo<0.4.

Abstract: An optical scanning unit includes a rotatable multi-faceted mirror having a plurality of faces reflecting light flux emitted from a light source to scan a scanning area in a main scanning direction. A width of the light flux striking the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is smaller than a length of a face of the rotatable multi-faceted mirror. The entire of light flux striking the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is reflected at a first face when the light flux reflected by the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is directed to the center portion of the scanning area. A part of the light flux striking the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is reflected at the first face while the remaining of the light flux is reflected at a second face when the light flux reflected by the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is directed to a least one of the two end portions of the scanning area.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a receiving unit, a first memory unit, an extending unit, a second memory unit, a determining unit, and a correcting unit. The receiving unit receives image data. The first memory unit stores the image data. The extending unit extends the image data. The second memory unit stores the image data which is extended by the extending unit as an extended image data. The extended image data includes an object. The determining unit determines whether the object is arranged outside a print region of the image data. The correcting unit corrects the extended image data if the determining unit determines that the object is arranged outside the print region of the image data.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a scanning member, a plurality of light sources, a first reflection mirror, and a second reflection mirror. The scanning member scans incident laser beams in a predetermined main scanning direction. The plurality of light sources emit the laser beams from positions that are different along a sub scanning direction that is perpendicular to an optical axis direction of the laser beams and the main scanning direction. The first reflection mirror is inclined around the main scanning direction as a rotation axis, is inclined around the sub scanning direction as another rotation axis, and reflects the laser beams emitted from the light sources. The second reflection mirror is inclined around the main scanning direction as a rotation axis, is inclined around the sub scanning direction as another rotation axis, and reflects the laser beams reflected by the first reflection mirror toward the scanning member.

Abstract: Disclosed systems and methods for a data reader having an ESD shield with integrated optical characteristics to improve illumination features of the data reader. The data reader includes an illumination module configured to generate illumination, and an ESD shield having high ESD resistance for protecting electronic and other sensitive components of the data reader. The ESD shield further includes a reflective interior surface and a spatial filter, where the reflective surface and filter together are operable to provide a uniform distribution of illumination along the body of the data reader.

Abstract: A vibration device including a supporting portion formed to cover both ends of a vibration region, and a method of manufacturing the vibration device are provided. The vibration device may include a lower substrate on which an insulating layer is formed, an upper substrate connected onto the insulating layer, and including a vibration region that vibrates and that is separated from the lower substrate by at least a predetermined distance, and a supporting portion formed to cover both ends of the vibration region, to support the vibration region.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a light source, an illuminating member, a projecting member, a stage, an inspecting member, and an information processing member. The light source is configured to provide a light in accordance with a pulse event generation (PEG) representing a period of light radiation. The illuminating member is configured to change the light into point lights. The projecting member is configured to project the point lights according to a photoresist shape extending in various directions. The point lights are projected on the stage. The inspecting member is configured to inspect a photoresist pattern formed by the projected point lights. The information processing member is configured to analyze different photoresist patterns corresponding to different PEGs to select one PEG from the different PEGs. The one PEG being associated with a minimum error in the various directions.

Abstract: A system directs a laser beam to mark a material with an alphanumeric code. Character and quality information corresponding to a mark to apply to the material with the laser beam can be received, a font definition that specifies character segments can be obtained, a set of multiple spaced locations can be generated from the character segments in accordance with the character and quality information, and the material can be marked with the laser beam by directing the laser beam to dwell at the locations and move between the locations without deactivating the laser beam.

Abstract: The invention concerns a smart card comprising a card body provided with a cavity in which an electronic module incorporating a microelectronic chip is inserted, and at least one security marking designed to authenticate a component of the smart card. A first security marking is disposed on the microelectronic module, and a second security marking is disposed on the card body. The two security markings are linked by a visual identity or matching relationship indicating that the microelectronic module and the card body are original components assembled when the smart card was manufactured.

Abstract: A laser projector includes a light source, a scanner that two-dimensionally scans a target object with light emitted from the light source, a light collection system that collects light from the scanner with a predetermined collection angle to form an intermediate image, and a projection lens that projects the intermediate image on a projection surface, and the collection angle is greater than a divergence angle of the light emitted from the light source.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a printer and a method and device for controlling the same. The method for controlling the printer comprises: detecting the number of heating units of a currently mounted printing head; acquiring a resolution, corresponding to the detected number of the heating units, of the printing head; and setting a printer parameter according to the acquired resolution of the printing head. The problem of high error rate after the resolution of the printing head of the printer is changed is solved.

Abstract: A disclosed marking control device controls a marking device to mark a target image on a thermoreversible recording medium by applying a laser beam includes a marking position determination unit dividing the image into plural marking lines, and determining their marking positions; a marking order determination unit determining a marking order to mark the marking lines in mutually opposite directions; an adjusting unit adjusting a distance between a first ending point and a second starting point to be longer than a distance between a first starting point and a second ending point, or adjusting laser power applied to a second starting point side of the second marking line to be lower than the laser power applied to a second ending point side of the second marking line; and a marking instruction generator unit generating marking instructions including the marking positions of the marking lines and the marking order thereof.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotating polygon mirror configured to rotate and reflect the first laser beam and the second laser beam, a first generation unit configured to generate a first signal based on timings at which the respective first laser beams, a second generation unit configured to generate a second signal for determining a timing to form an electrostatic latent image on the second image bearing member with the second laser beam based on the first signal and a correction value, and a calculation unit configured to calculate the correction value based on the output of the detection unit, in which the calculation unit calculates the correction value based on the signal output from the detection unit in a period of time that has passed until the rotating polygon mirror reaches steady rotation since it has started to be driven to rotate.

Abstract: Forming an imaging blanket for a printing apparatus includes depositing a patternable material over a substrate, etching the patternable material according to a desired exposure pattern, hardening the etched patternable material to thereby form a template surface comprising a desired template pattern of texture features, depositing a layer of curable liquid polymer over and in physical contact with the template surface, curing the liquid polymer to thereby form the imaging blanket, and removing the imaging blanket from the template surface to thereby expose a patterned imaging surface of the imaging blanket. The image blanket may thereby be provided with a desired texture surface, for example comprised of individual molded image blanket features, such as recesses or pillars, of a desired cross-sectional shape. The image blanket is configured for and may be disposed on an image forming member of a variable data lithography system.

Abstract: Provided is an optical scanning apparatus, including: an optical deflector having a polygon mirror reflecting a light flux emitted from a light source to carry out scanning, a drive unit rotating the polygon mirror about a rotation shaft, and a board supporting the drive unit; an optical box to which the board is fixed; two holes provided in the optical box, through which two screws fixing the board are inserted, respectively; two bearing surfaces provided on the optical box at positions around the two holes, respectively, the two bearing surfaces supporting the board; and an abutment portion provided on the optical box and abutting against a portion that is prevented from being pressed by the two screws in the board which is sandwiched between the two screws and the two bearing surfaces so as to be fixed to the optical box.

Abstract: The invention relates to a marking apparatus (10) for marking an object comprising a marking head (20) having a plurality of marking devices (40, 40a, 40b) for applying a marking on the object and a driving mechanism for providing a relative movement of the object relative to the marking head in an advance direction (16) during a marking operation. The marking head comprises in addition to the plurality of marking devices a plurality of sensor devices and the sensor devices (50) are arranged down-stream of the marking devices in the advance direction, so that the marking applied by the marking devices is detectable by the sensor devices, when the object is moved relative to the marking head in the advance direction. The invention also relates to a method for marking an object.

Abstract: A laser process alignment measuring method applicable to a reel-to-reel manufacturing process including a laser process stage, wherein before at least one laser process stage, marks, patterns or surfaces (4,9) are made with printing ink on the base or carrier material of the web (2), and on which the laser beam used can make a mark (7, 10), for example, by removing or changing the printing ink, whereby at the laser process stage, another mark is plotted with the laser beam on the mark et al. printed with printing ink, and the position of the mark et al. printed with printing ink (4, 9) and the mark plotted with the laser (7, 10) are read optically to measure the alignment of the printing ink stage and the laser process stage.

Abstract: An optical scanning device which forms a plurality of scanning lines in parallel in a main scanning direction on a photosensitive member by a plurality of laser beams detects the curvature values in the sub-scanning direction of the scanning lines, and corrects a curvature value in the sub-scanning direction corresponding to each of the scanning lines. When detecting the curvature value, the optical scanning device detects the curvature values in the sub-scanning direction of two scanning lines, and calculates the curvature value in the sub-scanning direction of a scanning line between the two scanning lines based on the detected curvature values in the sub-scanning direction of the two scanning lines. With this arrangement, the curvatures in the sub-scanning direction of scanning lines are corrected effectively with high accuracy for all laser beams in a multi-beam optical scanning device using a VCSEL or the like.

Abstract: An imaging blanket for a variable data lithography printing system is disclosed that comprises a polymer body having incorporated therein carbon black and measured amount of surface-treated fumed silica. The carbon black serves to improve the thermal absorption efficiency for thermal patterning of a dampening fluid layer formed over the imaging blanket in use. The surface-treated fumed silica assists with desirable dispersion of the carbon black in the polymer body. The surface-treated fumed silica further assists with the formation of a surface micro-texture as part of the process of molding the imaging blanket. A method for manufacturing such an imaging blanket is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for forming functionalized carbon black useful for uniform dispersion in a surface material of a printing system component includes providing carbon black; providing a fluoropolymer having a terminal amino group; and mixing the amino-terminated fluoropolymer and the carbon black, wherein the fluoropolymer is amino-terminated PDMS.

Abstract: The invention relates to a marking and/or scanning head comprising a plurality of receiving spaces in which individual marking and/or sensing devices can be arranged for marking and/or scanning an object, wherein the receiving spaces are arranged in at least two sub-arrays, wherein at least one sub-array is movable and/or rotatable with regard to at least one other sub-array. The invention further relates to a marking and/or scanning apparatus and a method for operating a marking and/or scanning head or apparatus.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus include improving print quality of a bi-directionally scanning electrophotographic (EP) device, such as a laser printer or copy machine, according to ambient pressure in which operated. A moving galvanometer or oscillator reflects a laser beam to create scan lines of a latent image in opposite directions. A damping of the motion occurs per air density implicated by temperature and pressure, where the pressure changes occurring especially from altitude changes. During use, a drive signal, such as a pulse train, moves the galvanometer or oscillator at or near its resonant frequency. Based on a parameter of the drive signal, such as pulse width, the ambient pressure can be made known. In general, a high-pressure environment requires a relatively longer pulse width to resonate the galvanometer or oscillator in comparison to a shorter pulse width for a low-pressure environment. Corrections to print quality stem from the determined ambient pressure.

Abstract: A method for forming functionalized carbon black useful for uniform dispersion in a surface material of a printing system component includes providing carbon black; providing a fluoropolymer having a terminal amino group; and mixing the amino-terminated fluoropolymer and the carbon black, wherein the fluoropolymer is amino-terminated PDMS.

Abstract: An ink-based digital printing system suitable for use with hydrophilic and/or aqueous dampening fluids includes an imaging member having an imaging member material that is hydrophilic at the imaging surface.

Abstract: A white ink composition for ink-based digital printing includes a white pigment. The white pigment is titanium dioxide. A method for ink-based digital printing includes applying dampening fluid to an imaging member to form a dampening fluid layer, patterning the dampening fluid layer using a laser imaging system, applying a white ink composition to the imaging member surface having the patterned dampening fluid disposed thereon to form an ink image, partially curing the ink image, and transferring the partially cured ink image to a printable substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for marking and/or scanning an object comprising a head, in particular a marking head or a scanning head, having a plurality of regular operating elements for marking and/or scanning the object, and comprising a driving mechanism for providing a relative movement of the object relative to the head in an advance direction during a working operation, at least a part of the regular operating elements being arranged in a rectangular pattern of rows and columns.

Abstract: Laser output (114) is employed to mark an article (100) including a layer (104) supported by a substrate (102), wherein the layer (104) has a thickness (t) that is less than or equal to 50 microns. The laser output (114) is focused to a numerical aperture diffraction-limited spot size (32) of less than or equal to 5 microns at a focal point (80) of the beam waist (90) and directed into the layer (104) to form a plurality of structures comprising a plurality of laser-induced cracks within the layer (104) and within a region of the article (100), wherein the laser-induced cracks terminate within the layer (104) without extending to the substrate (102) or an outer surface (108) of the layer (104), and wherein the plurality of structures are configured to scatter light incident upon the article (100).

Abstract: An ink-based digital printing system includes an imaging member having an imaging surface; a dampening fluid metering system, the dampening fluid metering system being configured to apply a layer of dampening fluid to the imaging surface; an inking system, the inking system being configured to apply radiation-curable ink to the imaging surface of the imaging member after the dampening fluid layer is patterned according to digital image data using a laser imaging system; and an offset member, the offset member forming a first ink transfer nip with the imaging member, the imaging member and the offset member being configured for transferring the ink image from the imaging surface to an offset member surface of the offset member.

Abstract: An optical scanner includes a housing and a cover member attached to the housing. A tubular pin attachment portion is installed in a side portion of the housing. A tapping screw pin is inserted into the pin attachment portion when the housing is fastened and fixed to a fastening target with the tapping screw pin. A pin head accommodating portion formed into a tubular shape to extend in a coaxial relationship with the pin attachment portion is installed in a side portion of the cover member. The pin head accommodating portion is configured to accommodate a head portion of the tapping screw pin inserted into the pin attachment portion.

Abstract: A drawing control device includes: a fill-stroke generating unit that generates a fill stroke that includes a plurality of strokes that fill a drawing area; a shape-stroke generating unit that generates a shape stroke which is a stroke of a shape to be formed on the drawing area; a first detecting unit that detects an overlap portion where the fill stroke and the shape stroke overlap with each other; a modifying unit that removes the overlap portion from the fill stroke to modify the fill stroke to obtain a drawing stroke; a drawing-instruction generating unit that generates a drawing instruction for drawing each stroke in the drawing stroke; and a drawing control unit that controls a drawing device by using the drawing instruction to cause the drawing device to draw the drawing stroke on an object.

Abstract: A light emitting element head includes a first light emitting element array, a second light emitting element array, and an optical device. The first light emitting element array includes a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in a main scan direction. The second light emitting element array includes a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in the main scan direction. The optical device focuses a light output from the first light emitting element array and the second light emitting element array on a photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor. The first light emitting element array and the second light emitting element array are overlapped each other in a sub scan direction in an overlapping section. Interval between the light emitting elements of the first light emitting element array are different from interval between the light emitting elements of the second light emitting element array.

Abstract: Forming an imaging blanket for a printing apparatus includes depositing a patternable material over a substrate, etching the patternable material according to a desired exposure pattern, hardening the etched patternable material to thereby form a template surface comprising a desired template pattern of texture features, depositing a layer of curable liquid polymer over and in physical contact with the template surface, curing the liquid polymer to thereby form the imaging blanket, and removing the imaging blanket from the template surface to thereby expose a patterned imaging surface of the imaging blanket. The image blanket may thereby be provided with a desired texture surface, for example comprised of individual molded image blanket features, such as recesses or pillars, of a desired cross-sectional shape. The image blanket is configured for and may be disposed on an image forming member of a variable data lithography system.

Abstract: A system for dampening fluid recovery in an ink-based digital printing system includes a seal manifold having a front seal portion, the front seal portion having an upper wall facing the imaging surface, the upper wall being configured to define an air flow channel with the imaging surface, the upper wall being contoured to form a distance between the upper wall and the imaging surface at an evaporation location that is less than distance between the upper wall and the imaging surface at locations interposing the evaporation location and a vacuum inlet channel of the seal manifold.

Abstract: An ink-based digital printing apparatus includes an imaging member having a surface layer with regular texture. The regular texture includes an array of microstructures such as cavities. Methods include forming the imaging member textured surface using photolithography and molding processes.