Abstract: Provided is an anti-glare film excellent in anti-glare properties and capable of suppressing reflected scattered light. The anti-glare film includes an anti-glare layer, the anti-glare film having an uneven surface, wherein for an amplitude spectrum of elevation of the uneven surface, when a sum of amplitudes corresponding to spatial frequencies of 0.005 ?m?1, 0.010 ?m?1, and 0.015 ?m?1 is defined as AM1 and an amplitude at a spatial frequency of 0.300 ?m?1 is defined as AM2, AM1 is 0.070 ?m or more and 0.400 ?m or less, AM2 is 0.0050 ?m or more, and AM2<AM1.

Abstract: A camera module is provided. The camera module includes a lens module including one or more lenses; an image sensor configured to convert light passing through the lens module into an electrical signal; and a filter configured to perform a polarization function, wherein the filter is configured to be movable in a space formed between the lens module and the image sensor.

Abstract: A photosensitive color-changing touch control display device includes a display panel, a photosensitive color-changing touch control panel, a driving chip, and a central processing unit. The photosensitive color-changing touch control panel includes a plurality of touch control electrodes and a plurality of photoresistors. When a resistance of the photoresistor changes, the driving chip transmits the obtained current change signal to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit controls the display panel corresponding to a region where a current change occurs to change color.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a condition detection see-through storage box that stores objects, the condition detection see-through storage box including a storage box body configured to store the objects, a sensor configured to detect a specific condition inside the storage box, a door that is installed on the storage box body and has a transmission window, a light emitting module configured to increase an amount of emitted light according to a signal from the sensor, which has detected the specific condition inside the storage box, to increase an amount of light that is reflected from inside the storage box and heads toward the transmission window, and an optical film provided on the transmission window, thereby informing a user of the specific condition inside the storage box body, wherein the optical film has a light transmittance that prevents the storage box from being see-through from the outside before the sensor detects the specific condition and allows the storage box to be see-

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to fluorescent imaging devices, systems, and methods for an endoscopic procedure, and in particular, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence. In some embodiments, a device for fluorescent imaging during an endoscopic procedure may include an attachment connectable to a distal end of an endoscope. The attachment may include a first filter alignable with a light source of the endoscope, and a second filter alignable with an imaging device of the endoscope. The first filter may be positionable such that in a first position the first filter is aligned with the light source, and in a second position the first filter is out of alignment with the light source. The second filter may be positionable such that in a first position the second filter is aligned with the imaging device, and in a second position the second filter is out of alignment with the imaging device.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first substrate including a first region, a second region adjacent to the first region, and a third region adjacent to the second region; a plurality of emission layers on the first substrate; a first anti-reflection layer on the plurality of emission layers, and to transmit a first colored light; a second anti-reflection layer on the plurality of emission layers, and to transmit a second colored light and a third colored light that are different from the first colored light; and a second substrate on the first anti-reflection layer and the second anti-reflection layer.

Abstract: An optical assembly including an optical element insert molded directly onto an optical stack is provided. The optical stack includes an optical film and may include a liner with the optical film being disposed between the optical element and the liner. The liner, if included, is removable from the optical film without substantial damage to the optical film. An outermost layer of the optical film may be diffusion bonded to a major surface of the optical element. The optical film includes a protective coating having an average thickness of no more than 30 micrometers. The protective coating includes an at least partially cured composition. The composition includes 70 to 96 weight percent of urethane (meth)acrylate compound having an average (meth)acrylate functionality of 2 to 9.5, and 2 to 20 weight percent of (meth)acrylate monomer having a (meth)acrylate functionality of 1 to 2.

Abstract: An anti-glare film is disclosed. The anti-glare film comprises a transparent substrate and an anti-glare layer comprising an acrylic binder resin, a polyether-modified siloxane and a plurality of silica nanoparticles, wherein the silica nanoparticles are flocculated into a micro-floccule with an average secondary particle diameter of 1,500 nm to 3,100 nm. The present anti-glare film can provide a reliable anti-glare property with low haze and fine surface.

Abstract: An optical assembly including an optical element insert molded directly onto an optical stack is provided. The optical stack includes an optical film and may include a liner with the optical film being disposed between the optical element and the liner. The liner, if included, is removable from the optical film without substantial damage to the optical film. An outermost layer of the optical film may be diffusion bonded to a major surface of the optical element.

Abstract: Optical devices and cognitive prosthetics based on novel components for enhanced human vision, selective video/television display, digital processing and/or unique image analysis to modify the image that a user sees and significantly improve the perception of that user are disclosed. What the user sees is responsive to specific perceptual and informational needs of the user in real time. Devices from the parent patents are herein made both more useful in practical day-to-day use and are more widely applicable to improving the ability of a user to perceive visual stimuli.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a first non-folding area, a folding area, and a second non-folding area that are arranged in a first direction, a first support layer which is disposed below the display panel and in which a plurality of first holes overlapping the first non-folding area and the second non-folding area are defined, and a reinforcing part disposed below the first support layer. The reinforcing part includes a reinforcing layer disposed below the first support layer and a plurality of dummies extending from the reinforcing layer and disposed into the plurality of first holes.

Abstract: Provided are a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device including same, the polarizing plate including a polarization film, a contrast-improving layer, and an anti-reflection film that are sequentially laminated. The minimum reflectance of the anti-reflection film is no greater than 0.45%. The anti-reflection film has a first substrate layer, a high-refraction layer and a low-refraction layer that are laminated in order from the contrast-improving layer. The contrast-improving layer includes a first resin layer and a second resin layer facing the first resin layer. The second resin layer is provided with a pattern part having optical patterns and a flat part between the optical patterns. The pattern part satisfies Equation 1 and the optical patterns have a base angle (?) of 60° to 90°. The slope of the reflectance of the polarization plate in Equation 2 is no greater than 0.3.

Abstract: A display device includes a base layer including first and second portions, and a third portion between the first and second portions and configured to be bent, folded, or rolled, a light emitting element layer on one surface of the base layer at the first portion, and including light emitting elements, a circuit board on the one surface of the base layer at the third portion, and electrically connected to the light emitting elements, protective patterns spaced apart from each other on another surface of the base layer, including a resin, and also including first protective patterns spaced apart from each other on the other surface of the base layer at the first portion, and at least one second protective pattern on the other surface of the base layer at the second portion, and at least one of a heat dissipation layer or a cushion layer below the protective patterns.

Abstract: A laminate includes a substrate; and a layer (a) containing particles forming a specific uneven shape, the number of particles present on the surface of the layer (a) is 6.3 to 20 per 1 ?m2, and a heat shrinkage rate of the laminate in a case of being heated for one hour at a glass transition temperature of the substrate+10° C. is 20% or more and less than 70%. An antireflection product has a three-dimensional curved surface having a curvature radius of 1 to 1,000 mm, and has a specific uneven shape formed of particles on the three-dimensional curved surface, the number of metal oxide particles present on the three-dimensional curved surface is 9 to 40 per 1 ?m2, and a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of reflectivities is less than 1.2%.

Abstract: Optical devices based on novel components for selective video/television display, digital processing and/or unique image analysis to modify the image that a user sees and significantly improve the perception of that user are disclosed. What the user sees is responsive to specific perceptual and informational needs of the user in real time. Devices from the previous (parent) patents are herein made both more useful in practical day-to-day use and more widely applicable to improving the ability of a user to perceive visual stimuli.

Abstract: Light-reducing devices that can be removably attached to a window or other panel through which light is able to pass, and methods of using such devices. Such a light-reducing device includes a tinted flexible transparent sheet and a microsuction tape adhered to the tinted flexible transparent sheet. The microsuction tape has a surface with micrometer-sized cavities that create a vacuum when the surface is pressed against a window. At least the surface of the tape is formed of a material that is sufficiently pliable and elastic so that each of the cavities forms a seal against the window and individual vacuums created between the surface and the window releasably secure the light-reducing device to the window when subjected to only the weight of the light-reducing device, but the light-reducing device can be peeled from the window.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel which displays an image, an anti-reflection film disposed on a display surface of the display panel, and a plurality of retardation films disposed on the anti-reflection film. Each of the plurality of retardation films has an in-plane retardation of about 1000 nanometers to about 7000 nanometers.

Abstract: A holographic image display device according to one embodiment comprises: an image display unit on which a holographic image is displayed; and a spatial impression providing unit which forms a space surrounding the holographic image, and includes a transparent color material such that the space looks colored and the holographic image can be recognized from the outside.

Abstract: A light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system includes light emitters that emit beams of light of substantially equal intensities. The light emitters form a beam polarization pattern with beams having varying polarizations. The LiDAR system also will include a receiver to receive light reflected from the object. An analyzer will determine characteristic differences between the beam polarization pattern of the beams emitted toward the object and an intensity pattern of the light reflected from the object, determine a reflection position that is associated with the light reflected from the object, and use the determined characteristic differences to determine whether the reflection position is a position of the object or a position of a ghost.

Abstract: A head up display arrangement for a motor vehicle includes a head up display module having a picture generation unit emitting a light field. A polarizing device is rotatable between at least a first rotational position and a second rotational position. The polarizing device receives the light field from the picture generation unit and emits the light field regardless of whether the polarizing device is in the first rotational position or the second rotational position. More of the light is emitted by the polarizer in a P-polarization state in the second rotational position than in the first rotational position. A windshield reflects the light field from the polarizing device such that the reflected light field is visible to a human driver of the motor vehicle as a virtual image.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides an optical film (10) including a light-transmitting base material (11), a hard coat layer (12), and an inorganic layer (13) in this order, wherein the hard coat layer (12) is in contact with the inorganic layer (13), the hard coat layer (12) contains a binder resin (12A) and inorganic particles (12B), the hard coat layer (12) has a film thickness of 1 ?m or more, and the hard coat layer (12) has an indentation hardness of 200 MPa or more.

Abstract: A hexahedral polarization beamsplitter is constructed with four substantially triangular prisms with a polarizing beamsplitter located within each of the interfaces between the assembled prisms. An input side of the assembly receives an unpolarized beam and two opposing output sides of the assembly transmit orthogonally polarized portions of the unpolarized beam in opposite directions. The polarizing beamsplitters are arranged at the interfaces so that each of the orthogonally polarized portions of the unpolarized beam is both reflected by one of the polarizing beamsplitters and transmitted by another of the polarizing beamsplitters.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display panel with a light field camera includes a glass covering plate, an OLED pixel layer, and image sensor. A gradient refractive index lens is formed on the glass covering plate. A refractive index of the gradient refractive index lens gradually varies from a center of the gradient refractive index lens to an outer periphery. The OLED pixel layer is disposed on a bottom surface of the glass covering plate and includes OLED pixel units. A micro lens array is embedded on the OLED pixel layer and includes gradient refractive index micro lenses. A refractive index of each gradient refractive index micro lens gradually varies from a center of the gradient refractive index micro lens to an outer periphery. The image sensor is disposed on a bottom surface of the OLED pixel layer. The light field camera can acquire clear images without focusing.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for assessing the texture of skin using images thereof. In exemplary embodiments, a texture map of an area of skin is generated from a combination of a standard white light image, a parallel-polarized image, and a cross-polarized image of the area of skin. The texture map is then flattened to remove the underlying curvature of the skin. A texture roughness metric is then generated based on the flattened texture map. An image of the texture map and the metric can be displayed to provide visual and alphanumeric representations of the texture of skin, thereby facilitating the comparison of baseline and follow-up images of the skin, such as those taken before and after treatment.

Abstract: A display system includes a display device, a first mirror, and a second mirror. The display device includes a display surface that displays a first image. Light emitted by the display device is incident directly or indirectly on the first mirror. The first mirror reflects the light incident. The light reflected by the first mirror is directly or indirectly incident on the second mirror. The second mirror reflects, toward an eye-box, the light incident. The light reflected by the second mirror enters an eye of an observer present within the eye-box to display, on the eye of the observer, a second image based on the first image. The first mirror is a Fresnel mirror.

Abstract: There is provided a master, an optical body, and a master manufacturing method, including: forming, on a surface of a master body that includes a base material, a periodic micro concave-convex structure in which an average cycle of concavities and convexities is less than or equal to visible light wavelengths; forming an inorganic resist layer on the surface of the master body; microparticulating and spraying an organic resist dissolved in a diluent onto the inorganic resist layer, to thereby form an organic resist layer, on a surface of which is provided a macro concave-convex structure in which the average cycle of concavities and convexities is greater than the visible light wavelengths; and etching the organic resist layer, the inorganic resist layer, and the master body, to thereby superimpose and uniformly form the micro concave-convex structure and the macro concave-convex structure on the surface of the base material.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is an article including a glass-ceramic substrate having a major surface, an optical coating is disposed on the major surface and forms an appearance-enhancing surface, the optical coating including a appearance-enhancing coating, and a scratch-resistant layer. The article exhibits a hardness of 8 GPa or more, and a photopic average diffuse light reflectance measured at the appearance-enhancing surface of one of: (i) about 0.3% or less; (ii) about 0.2% or less; (iii) about 0.1% or less, over an optical wavelength regime in the range from about 400 nm to about 800 nm. Further, in the (L*, a*, b*) colorimetry system of the International Commission on Illumination, at near-normal incidence, the article comprises a diffuse reflectance dE* of one of: (i) about 3 or less; (ii) about 2 or less; or (iii) about 1 or less, where dE* is defined as dE*=sqrt(L*2+a*2+b*2).

Abstract: A sensing system for a vehicle includes a sensor disposed at a vehicle and a control that includes a processor for processing sensor data captured by the sensor. A first polarizer is disposed in a light emitting path of at least one light source of the vehicle and a second polarizer is disposed in a light receiving path of the sensor. The second polarizer has an opposite-handed polarization configuration relative to the first polarizer. Some of the polarized light as polarized by the first polarizer impinges precipitation present in the field of sensing of the sensor and returns toward the sensor as refracted-reflected light. The second polarizer attenuates the refracted-reflected light and allows light reflected from objects present in the sensor's field of sensing to pass through to the sensor. The control, responsive to processing of captured sensor data, detects objects in the field of sensing of the sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lamp, including a half mirror having upper and lower surfaces to reflect a part of light incident on the lower surface and discharge another part to outside, a first reflector located below the half mirror to be vertically spaced so as to face the lower surface of the half mirror, a plurality of light sources to emit light between the half mirror and the first reflector, and a second reflector located between the light sources to reflect at least some of incident light, wherein the half mirror and the second reflector face each other, such that light emitted from a part of the light sources is repeatedly reflected between the half mirror and the second reflector, and wherein the first and second reflectors face each other, such that light emitted from the remaining light source is repeatedly reflected between the first and second reflectors.

Abstract: A system having a concealed communications element like a telecommunication antenna is described. More specifically, The system has a communications element that is concealed by a highly reflective multilayer polymer optical film 200. The first element of the multilayer polymer optical film is a core layer 202 that is made up of a multilayer optical stack. The multilayer optical stack of core layer 202 includes two alternating polymeric layers. The multilayer polymer optical film may optionally also include a protective layer 204 (for example, a hardcoat or an over laminate) that is positioned between the viewer and the core layer. The protective layer 204 may include one or more UV absorbers to aid in durability of the multilayer polymer optical film against UV-degradation. Multilayer polymer optical film 200 may optionally also include an adhesive layer 208 that is positioned between the core layer 202 and a surface onto which the multilayer polymer optical film is to be adhered.

Abstract: There is provided a transparent film for a face protection shield in which transparency is enhanced and visibility from a non-wearer is also enhanced, the transparent film for a face protection shield including: a transparent base material having flexibility; and a transparent resin layer configured to be laminated on at least one of surfaces of the transparent base material, the transparent resin layer having on a surface a plurality of structural bodies including concavities or convexities provided at a pitch of less than or equal to a visible light wavelength. A refractive index of the transparent base material is different from a refractive index of the transparent resin layer, and an interface between the transparent base material and the transparent resin layer has a concave-convex shape.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes optical elements and optical devices that use the optical elements to allow the output of two imagers to be combined onto a single optical axis. Each of the two imagers can be based on alternate polarization directions, and the disclosed embodiments can enable high contrast 3D projectors without requiring either time or polarization sequencing. The present disclosure further describes projection systems that include the optical devices.

Abstract: There is provided a flexible display device including a display panel for displaying an image, and a window substrate covering the touch screen panel, the widow substrate including a flexible base layer including an externally facing first surface, and a second surface opposite the first surface and facing the display panel, a hard coating layer having a hardness that is larger than that of the base layer, and including a plurality of coating tiles on the first surface of the base layer that are spaced to have a gap between adjacent ones of the coating tiles, and a self-healing coating layer including a self-healing material and covering the hard coating layer on the base layer.

Abstract: A plastic polarized lens of the present invention, comprising: a polarized film containing thermoplastic polyester, a coat layer containing a urethane-based resin comprised of a structural unit derived from compound having hydroxyl group and a structural unit derived from aromatic diisocyanate, which is formed over at least one surface of the polarized film and a substrate layer containing a thiourethane-based resin, which is formed over at least the coat layer of the coat layer-attached polarized film.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted camera has a lens disposed on a protruding part, which protrudes from the upper surface of a vehicle-mounted camera body; thus, compared to the situation in which the entire vehicle-mounted camera body is positioned below a bracket, the lens can be positioned at the shortest distance from a windshield, thereby enabling the length of a hood to be reduced. Furthermore, the in-vehicle camera is able to take up a large area of the portion of the bracket affixed to the windshield.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes an optical element which transmits or reflects incident light, and a first reflective element including a first reflective portion and a second reflective portion. The first reflective portion retroreflects reflective light reflected on the optical element. The second reflective portion has an area less than an area of the first reflective portion and regularly reflects the reflective light.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes an optical element urging incident light to be transmitted or reflected, a first reflective element includes a first retroreflective surface in an uneven state on which the light reflected on the optical element is retroreflected, and a first specular reflection surface on which the light reflected on the optical element is specularly reflected, and a second reflective element includes a second retroreflective surface in an uneven state on which the light reflected on the first specular reflection surface is retroreflected.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device, includes a retroreflective element includes a base, and first and second retroreflectors each retroreflecting light made incident without transmitting the base, and a retarder element disposed between a display module and a polarizing element and between the retroreflective element and the polarizing element, the first and second retroreflectors being adjacent to each other, each of the first and second retroreflectors includes a recess portion on a side facing the retarder element.

Abstract: An optical device includes a hologram recording member on which a hologram image is recorded, a light source for reproducing the hologram image, a first reflecting surface for projecting the hologram image ahead of the hologram recording member by reflecting a light from the light source into a rear side of the hologram recording member at a predetermined angle, and a second reflecting surface for generating a backlight by reflecting the light from the light source into the rear side of the hologram recording member.

Abstract: Provided is an image display mirror that includes a half mirror and an image display apparatus, reduces an influence of a reflected image provided by the half mirror, and is excellent in visibility of an image displayed on the image display apparatus. The image display mirror for a vehicle includes: a circularly polarizing plate arranged attachably and removably; a half mirror; and an image display apparatus in the stated order from a viewer side. In one embodiment, attached and removed states of the circularly polarizing plate are switched when an image is displayed on the image display apparatus and when the image is not displayed thereon, and when the image is displayed, the circularly polarizing plate is arranged between the half mirror and a viewer.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a antireflective film having a moth-eye structure, which has sufficient antireflective performances, which exhibits excellent planar uniformity, and which can be manufactured by a simple method; a polarizing plate, a cover glass, and an image display device that have the antireflective film; a method for producing the antireflective film; a cloth for cleaning the antireflective film; a kit including the antireflective film and the cleaning cloth; and a method for cleaning the antireflective film. The invention provides a antireflective film which includes a plastic substrate; a infiltration layer; a antireflective layer including a binder resin and particles with an average primary particle diameter of 50 nm to 700 nm, in this order in an adjacent manner, in which the antireflective layer has moth-eye structures formed by the particles on the surface opposite to the infiltration layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a display module which emits display light, a polarizing element including a transmission axis which transmits first linearly polarized light, the polarizing element reflecting second linearly polarized light intersecting the transmission axis, and an optical element includes a retroreflector which retroreflects light reflected from the polarizing element, the optical element being curved, and includes a first portion which is concave, and a second portion which is convex and is connected to the first portion.

Abstract: An anti-glare film and a method of fabricating the same. The anti-glare film includes a transparent substrate, a photocurable resin layer stacked on one surface of the transparent substrate, and a plurality of amorphous patterns formed on a surface of the photocurable resin layer. The anti-glare film can provide excellent diffusion of light, exhibit excellent brightness without deterioration of transmittance, and provide excellent front brightness and visibility when applied to polarizing plates and display devices.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL device that includes an electrode having a light-emitting function and a touch sensing function, an organic electroluminescent module that includes a specific controlling circuit and can contribute to reduction in sizes and thickness and simplified production steps of the device, and a smart device and an illumination device each including the organic electroluminescent module. The organic electroluminescent module of the present invention has a touch sensing function and includes a touch sensing circuit unit and a light-emitting device driving circuit unit including a light-emitting device driving circuit section for driving an organic electroluminescent panel. The organic electroluminescent panel includes paired opposite electrodes therein. The paired electrodes are connected to the light-emitting device driving circuit unit, and one of the paired electrodes is a touch sensing electrode that is connected to the touch sensing circuit unit.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a propylene-based resin microporous film capable of forming a high-performance lithium ion battery. The method for producing a propylene-based resin microporous film includes an extrusion step of melt-kneading a propylene-based resin in an extruder, and extruding the resin to obtain a propylene-based resin film; a first stretching step of uniaxially stretching the propylene-based resin film at a surface temperature of ?20 to 100° C.; second stretching step of repeating, a plurality of times, a stretching basic step in which the propylene-based resin film after the first stretching step is uniaxially stretched at a surface temperature that is equal to or lower than a temperature lower than the melting point of the propylene-based resin by 10 to 100° C.

Abstract: Lens apparatus includes adjacent concave and convex lens surfaces adjacent with an air layer therebetween. At least one of the lens surfaces includes an antireflection film including multiple subwavelength structures at an average pitch of 400 nm or smaller. The surface satisfies: 0.7<R1/R2<1.3, and |?2??1|>15°, provided that: D=f/FNo, ?1=sin?1(D/(2×fi)), and ?2=sin?1((h×D)/R2), where f and FNo represent focal length and F-number of the entire optical system, f1 represents focal length of an optical system on object side with respect to the air layer between the lens surfaces, h represents axial conversion beam height on the at least one surface having anti-reflection film, R1 and R2 represent curvature radii of surfaces of respective object and image sides between the lens surfaces.

Abstract: An optical film includes: a high refractive index pattern layer including a material having a refractive index greater than about 1, where a plurality of grooves, each having a curved groove surface and a depth greater than a width thereof, is defined on a first surface of the high refractive index pattern layer, the plurality of grooves defines a pattern, the plurality of grooves are two-dimensionally arranged in a first direction and a second direction, and a first distance between adjacent grooves in the first direction and a second distance between adjacent grooves in the second direction are different from each other; and a low refractive index pattern layer including a material having a refractive index less than the refractive index of the high refractive index pattern layer and further including a plurality of fillers which fills the plurality of grooves, respectively.

Abstract: Embodiments provided herein describe optical coatings, panels having optical coatings thereon, and methods for forming optical coatings and panels. A transparent substrate is provided. An optical coating is formed on the transparent substrate. The optical coating includes a plurality of plate-shaped silicon dioxide particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for creating a viewing screen (3) having an injection overmolded insert (9). Said method includes the steps of: placing an insert (9), to be overmolded, into an injection mold (1); holding the insert (9) by at least one suction nozzle (21) built into the injection mold (1); injecting, into the mold (1), a thermoplastic material for forming a mechanical substrate layer for the viewing screen; and removing the thus-formed viewing screen (3) from the mold.

Abstract: A polarization control device includes a first wave plate having a first surface profile and a second wave plate having a second surface profile complimentary to the first surface profile. The optical axis of the first wave plate is orthogonal to the optical axis of the second wave plate. The first wave plate and the second wave plate are positioned to align the first surface profile with the second surface profile and maintain a constant thickness across the polarization control device. The first wave plate and the second wave plate may control polarization rotation as a continuous function of transverse position across a pupil plane of an optical system. The first wave plate and the second wave plate are separated by a sufficiently small distance so as to limit wave front distortion below a selected level.