Abstract: A traffic manager module of a cyber threat defense platform that can differentiate between data flows to a client device. A registration module can register a connection between devices within a client network to transmit a series of data packets. A classifier module can execute a comparison of features of the connection to a set of interest criteria to determine an interest level for the cyber threat defense platform in the connection. The classifier module can apply an interest classifier describing the interest level to the connection based on the comparison. A deep packet inspection engine can examine the data packets of the connection for cyber threats if the interest classifier indicates interest. A diverter can shunt the data packets of the connection away from the deep packet inspection engine if the interest classifier indicates no interest.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a transmission apparatus, a connection device, and a method, where the apparatus includes N Ethernet Medium Access Control MAC ports, where each Ethernet MAC port is corresponding to a first MII interface, K Ethernet physical layer interfaces, where each Ethernet physical layer interface is corresponding to a second MII interface, and a connection device, where both N and K are positive integers; where the connection device is configured to control a time-division interconnect bus in the connection device or a time-division space-division switching matrix in the connection device to implement a connection between a timeslot of the first MII interface and a timeslot of the second MII interface, where the N Ethernet MAC ports and the K Ethernet physical layer interfaces are separately connected to the connection device by using the first MII interfaces and the second MII interfaces.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for managing a data communication within a multi-level network having a plurality of switches organized as groups, with each group coupled to all other groups via global links, including: at each switch within the network, maintaining a global fault table identifying the links which lead only to faulty global paths, and when the data communication is received at a port of a switch, determine a destination for the data communication and, route the communication across the network using the global fault table to avoid selecting a port within the switch that would result in the communication arriving at a point in the network where its only path forward is across a global link that is faulty; wherein the global fault table is used for both a global minimal routing methodology and a global non-minimal routing methodology.

Abstract: Biometrically-enhanced verifiable credentials of an individual. In one embodiment, an electronic device including a biometric capture circuitry, a memory, and an electronic processor. The biometric capture circuitry configured to capture one or more biometrics of an individual. The memory storing a digital identity application. The electronic processor, when executing the digital identity application, is configured to receive the one or more biometrics of the individual that are captured by the biometric capture circuitry, generate a biometric token of the individual based on the one or more biometrics, receive identity information of the individual, generate biometrically-enhanced verifiable credentials including the identity information and the biometric token, and control the memory to store the biometrically-enhanced verifiable credentials.

Abstract: For processing nodes of a cluster of a file server, the IO modules associated with the nodes may be required to be part of a same sub-network. A cluster may be configured to ensure that, for each cluster processing node, at least one other cluster processing node is associated with an IO module on a same sub-network as the IO module associated with the cluster processing node. The user may configure a file server to ensure that a primary node and one or more failover nodes of the file server are on a same sub-network. When configuring IO modules, physical ports having similar or same characteristics may be configured to be on a same sub-network. By doing so, and restricting nodes of a file server to being on a same sub-network, a relatively seamless failover between nodes of a file server may be achieved.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a resource management method, a communication device, and a storage medium. The resource management method includes: obtaining node identification information and interface information of an optical network node; establishing a node resource model according to the node identification information and the interface information; and storying the node resource model in a resource library.

Abstract: A security system includes a surveillance device that monitors a predetermined event and captures images in a monitor scene; and a controller that controls the surveillance device and transmits the captured images. The surveillance device adjusts image capture amount, image transmit amount, image transmit order or image resolution when the predetermined event is detected and an object is detected on the captured images.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method (200) in a router for Label Switched Path, LSP, traceroute. The method (200) includes: receiving (210) an echo request packet containing a label stack; determining (220) from the label stack that forwarding to a downstream router is to be based on a binding segment identifier; identifying (230) a plurality of segments included in a binding segment associated with the binding segment identifier; and transmitting (240) an echo reply packet to a router originating the echo request packet, the echo reply packet containing information indicating a presence of the binding segment identifier in the label stack and indicating a segment identifier associated with each of the plurality of segments.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for reducing design complexity and critical path timing challenges of credit return logic. A wide bus supports simultaneous transmission of multiple flits, one per lane of the wide bus. A source device transmitting flits on a wide bus selects from among multiple credit return options to ensure that only one of the multiple flits being simultaneously transmitted includes a credit return value. In some example embodiments, the receiving device checks only the flit of one lane of the wide bus (e.g., lane 0) for credit return data. In other example embodiments, the receiving device uses a bitwise-OR to combine the credit return data of all received flits in a single cycle.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a silicon single crystal wafer for a multilayer structure device including: using a silicon single crystal wafer with oxygen concentration of 12 ppma (JEITA) or higher and composing an NV region; and performing an RTA treatment in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere and a temperature of 1225° C. or higher, a mirror-polish processing treatment, and a BMD-forming heat treatment manufacturing a silicon single crystal wafer having at least a DZ layer with a thickness of 5 to 12.5 ?m and a BMD layer positioned immediately below the DZ layer and a BMD density of 1×1011/cm3 or higher from the silicon single crystal wafer surface. During device formation, the silicon wafer surface stress is absorbed immediately below a surface layer, distortion defects are absorbed by the BMD layer, device formation region strength is enhanced, and surface layer dislocation occurrence and extension is suppressed.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide secure, end-to-end high-speed data encoding and communication. In certain embodiments, this is accomplished by modifying a header portion of a data packet received from a first device and complying with a one Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI) protocol to create a modified data packet that complies with a faster MIPI protocol. The header portion of the modified data packet is validated during a tunnel mode operation using an error detection process to validate the modified data packet, which can then be securely transmitted to a second device that complies with the faster MIPI protocol.

Abstract: One or more computing devices, systems, and/or methods for delivering video streams are provided. In an example, a first video stream chunk of a video stream is received. The first video stream chunk is transmitted to a first client device in response to a determination that the first video stream chunk is not associated with a quality issue. A second video stream chunk of the video stream is received. The second video stream chunk is analyzed to determine whether the second video stream chunk is associated with one or more quality issues. A first quality issue associated with the second video stream chunk is detected. A request for a corrective video stream chunk is transmitted to a cache node based upon the first quality issue. The corrective video stream chunk is received from the cache node. The corrective video stream chunk is transmitted to the first client device.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention facilitates address resolution protocol (ARP) resolution in an extended subnet. A gateway of a first segment of the extended subnet can determine that a layer-2 address corresponding to a layer-3 destination address of a packet is locally unavailable. The gateway can then determine whether a respective egress interface of an ARP request for the layer-3 destination address is associated with a layer-2 subnet extension from the first segment to a second segment of the extended subnet. The extension can provide a common layer-2 broadcast domain comprising the first and second segments with a same default gateway layer-3 address. If the egress interface is associated with the extension, the gateway can insert a layer-3 address of a first endpoint associated with the extension as a source protocol address in the ARP request. The gateway can send the modified ARP request via the egress interface.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for preempting an uplink resource allocation. One apparatus includes a processor and a transceiver that receives a first allocation of uplink resources in a mobile communication network and receives a second allocation of uplink resources. Here, the second allocation at least partially overlaps in time with the first allocation and the second allocation is received at a later time than the first allocation. The processor determines whether the second allocation is associated with higher priority traffic than the first allocation and preempts the first allocation to generate a TB according to the second allocation in response to the second allocation being associated with higher priority traffic than the first allocation.

Abstract: Data defining egress bandwidth utilization on an interface of a node may be obtained and a congestion event may be detected based at least in part on an average interface utilization (Y) being greater than a first threshold (X1). A plurality of alternate links that can accommodate excess bandwidth without exceeding the first threshold may be identified. Flows associated with the plurality of alternate links may be filtered based at least in part on business logic macro flow filtering. It may be determined whether the plurality of alternate links pass a diffusing update algorithm (DUAL)-based loop-free path-finding algorithm (LPA) analysis for the destination node prefixes whether the destination node prefixes pass the DUAL-based LPA analysis for the at least one of the plurality of alternate links and a plurality of next hops associated with the at least one of the plurality of alternate links.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Devices of a wireless communications system may be configured to group data packets as a batch or file. In some cases, resources may be determined based on one or more resource grants corresponding to file communication. Other aspects may include DCI configurations corresponding to file communication, resource grants may be configured to assign resources for communication of a file. For example, a DCI may be specifically configured for granting resources for communication of a file. In another example, configured grants may include a configured grant index corresponding to communication of a file. Other aspects may include configuration of a UE for responding to a preemption indication when a file is scheduled for communication, power adjustments for communication of a file, reference signal configurations for communication of a file, and/or coherent detection/transmission across two or more packets of a file.

Abstract: A testing device (10) transmits a test packet that increases processing load to a device protected by a security system, the security system performing authentication of a packet transmitted to a to-be-protected device and a packet limit per source IP address. In addition, the testing device (10) generates a test session according to a scenario when transmitting the test packet and configures a packet so that the test packet uses a plurality of source IP addresses. In addition, the testing device (10) responds to a response request up to a predetermined stage of authentication among a plurality of stages of authentication performed by the security system so that the security system authenticates the test packet to be valid. In addition, the testing device (10) monitors, at a predetermined stage, packet filtering situation and processing load of the security system to which the test packet is transmitted.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed towards systems and methods for user plane function (UPF) and network slice load balancing within a 5G network. Example embodiments include systems and methods for load balancing based on current UPF load and thresholds that depend on UPF capacity; UPF load balancing using predicted throughput of new UE on the network based on network data analytics; UPF load balancing based on special considerations for low latency traffic; UPF load balancing supporting multiple slices, maintaining several load-thresholds for each UPF and each slice depending on the UPF and network slice capacity; and UPF load balancing using predicted central processing unit (CPU) utilization and/or predicted memory utilization of new UE on the network based on network data analytics.

Abstract: Methods and systems for implementing traffic mirroring for network telemetry are disclosed. An embodiment of a method for implementing traffic mirroring for network telemetry involves identifying network traffic at a network appliance that is to be subjected to traffic mirroring for network telemetry, and selecting from available options of transmitting enhanced mirrored network traffic from the network appliance to a collector, wherein the enhanced mirrored network traffic is generated at the network appliance by at least one of compressing and encrypting the network traffic, and transmitting mirrored network traffic from the network appliance to the collector without compressing or encrypting the network traffic.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a packet transmission method includes receiving, by a second provider edge (PE) through a multicast tunnel, a bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) packet sent by a first PE, wherein the BIER packet comprises a bit string, and the bit string indicates a customer edge (CE) designated to receive the BIER packet; and processing, by the second PE based on the bit string, the BIER packet.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring the continuity between endpoints in a network are provided. A process, according to one implementation, includes entering a first list of one or more Segment Identifiers (SIDs) into a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) request packet, the first list of one or more SIDs defining a Segment-Routing Traffic-Engineering (SR-TE) forward path from a source node to a destination node. The process also includes entering a second list of one or more SIDs into the BFD request packet, the second list of one or more SIDs defining an SR-TE reverse path back from the destination node that eliminates involvement of a BFD reflector of the destination node. Also, the process includes entering a revised-BFD request into the BFD request packet, the revised-BFD request having a Your Discriminator field set to a discriminator value associated with the source node.

Abstract: A router encapsulates a payload of a packet in a generic routing encapsulation (GRE) header that defines a connectionless GRE tunnel. The router also encapsulates the payload and the GRE header in one or more reliable transport headers associated with a connection formed using a reliable transport layer. The router conveys the packet via the connectionless GRE tunnel over the reliable transport layer. In some cases, the GRE header is a network virtualization using GRE (NVGRE) header that allows multiple NVGRE overlays to be multiplexed onto a single IP underlay tunnel. The reliable transport layer can be implemented as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) layer, a QUIC protocol, a Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) or a QUIC protocol to establish a set of multiplexed sub-connections or streams over a single connection between two endpoints of the tunnel, or a transport layer security (TLS) cryptographic protocol.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for filtering streaming media content includes receiving at a filtering device one or more packets of a source data stream. The one or more packets are may be received from a content source remote from the filtering device. The source data stream may include one or more of an audio component and a video component. The method further includes determining whether to perform a filtering action on the one or more packets of the source data stream based at least in part on one or more user settings. The method further includes communicating to a media-playing device a filtered data stream generated at least in part by performing the filtering action on the one or more packets of the source data stream.

Abstract: Aspects relate to providing a status bit to a base station, where the status bit indicates whether all of multiple downlink transmissions have been successfully decoded. In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) receives a plurality of downlink transmissions from a base station, and generates a plurality of acknowledgement data respectively for the plurality of downlink transmissions, each of the plurality of acknowledgement data indicating whether a respective downlink transmission of the plurality of downlink transmissions has been successfully decoded. The UE further transmits, to the base station, at least one status bit based on the plurality of acknowledgement data, the at least one status bit indicating whether all of the plurality of downlink transmissions have been successfully decoded.

Abstract: Provided is a virtual circuit-based data packet processing method, which includes that: identification information of a next-hop Provider Edge (PE) node of a routing packet and identification information of an Original PE (OPE) node of the routing packet are determined according to the routing packet corresponding to a Virtual Private Network (VPN) service instance; a context virtual circuit is determined, wherein nodes at both ends of the context virtual circuit are respectively the current PE node and the OPE node; a virtual circuit label of the context virtual circuit is determined; a final data packet to be forwarded is obtained by carrying a VPN label of the routing packet and the virtual circuit label with an initial data packet of the VPN service instance; and the final data packet to be forwarded is forwarded to the next-hop PE node.

Abstract: A method performed by a packet processor comprises retrieving a first prefix length for a first lookup stage and a shorter second prefix length for a second lookup stage. The packet processor can receive instructions to program an action entry. The length of the action entry prefix is compared to the first prefix and second prefix length. If it is determined that the length of the action entry prefix is shorter than the second prefix length, the second prefix length is selected as an expanded prefix length. If it is determined that the length of the action entry prefix is longer than the second prefix length and shorter than the first prefix length, then the first prefix length is selected as the expanded prefix length. Expanded action entries are generated with expanded prefixes of the expanded prefix length and stored at the lookup stage associated with the expanded prefix length.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to source-based symmetric routing of network traffic in virtual networks. In particular, a source of network traffic in the virtual network is equipped with a routing table that causes the source of the network traffic to route the network traffic symmetrically across zones of the virtual network.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a packet processing method, device, and system. The system includes: a controller, configured to: allocate a service label to a service processing manner of an FEC, establish a mapping relationship between the service label and the service processing manner, send the service label to a source node, and send the mapping relationship to a destination node; the source node, configured to: receive the service label sent by the controller, receive a first packet, insert the service label to the first packet to obtain a second packet, and send the second packet to the destination node; the destination node, configured to: receive the mapping relationship sent by the controller, receive the second packet sent by the source node, and pop the service label from the second packet according to the mapping relationship, to obtain the first packet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for matching and collecting user data and/or user device data within a current Internet access session of a user for use by user notification systems that generate, distribute and display informational messages over the Internet. The system comprises a source data reception unit configured to receive a source IP address and a source user device port matched with the translated IP address and with the translated port of the operator or the provider from the NAT service, and a data matching unit configured to match user data and/or user device data from all available sources, including but not limited to operator or provider databases, using the received source IP address and the received user device port. Advantageously, the invention provides delivery of informational messages based on collected/matched user data and/or user device data provided according to the present system to the maximum number of real identified users.

Abstract: A method includes measuring input/output traffic for respective hosts that are connected to a Fibre Channel N_Port Virtualizer (FC-NPV) switch, which is in communication with a first N_Port ID Virtualization (NPIV) core switch via a first port channel and with a second NPIV core switch via a second port channel; determining that traffic carried on the first port channel between the FC-NPV switch and the first NPIV Core switch exceeds a predetermined threshold compared to traffic carried on the second port channel; and re-assigning traffic from a given host carried on the first port channel to the second port channel between the FC-NPV switch and the second NPIV core switch.

Abstract: In one embodiment, dynamic user private networks are virtually segmented within a shared virtual network. A network control system maintains the dynamic logical segmentation of the shared virtual network. User entities (e.g., user devices and/or services) are communicatively coupled to respective personal virtual networks via endpoints of access devices. Each of these endpoints is associated with a corresponding user private network. Responsive in real-time to automated processing of a received electronic particular user request, the network control system automatically modifies the dynamic logical segmentation of the shared virtual network to move a particular user entity on the shared virtual network to newly being on the first dynamic user private network without being disconnected from the shared virtual network. One embodiment uses different user private network identifiers (UPN-IDs) associated with endpoints and received packets to identify their respective user private network.

Abstract: A computing or storage system constructs a table in memory, and constructs a summary table that summarizes the table. The summary table is for determining whether there is likely an entry for a value in the table. The summary table has buckets pointed to by address fields of values. The first bucket in the summary table is split into a second bucket and a third bucket. Prior to the split, the first bucket is pointed to by a first address field of a first value. After the split, the second bucket and the third bucket are pointed to by the first address field plus one extra bit derived from a remainder of the first value.

Abstract: A DCN packet processing method, a network device, and a network system are provided. The DCN packet processing method includes: generating, by a network device, a first DCN packet whose destination address is an IP address of an NMS, loading the first DCN packet into a Flex Ethernet (Flex Eth) overhead multiframe, and sending, over a physical link, the Flex Eth overhead multiframe to a network device that has accessed a network, so that the network device that has accessed the network extracts the first DCN packet, and sends the first DCN packet to the NMS based on the destination address, so as to enable the NMS to perceive that a new network device accesses the network.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to scheduled multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) acknowledgement. A device may determine a block acknowledgment schedule associated with one or more destination devices. The device may cause to send a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) frame including the block acknowledgment schedule. The device may identify one or more acknowledgment frames received from at least one of the one or more destination devices based on the block acknowledgment schedule.

Abstract: According to a communication method, a local device and a peer device notify each other through a border gateway protocol (BGP) message whether the local device and the peer device have a control word processing capability. When the peer device also has a control word processing capability, the peer device uses a service packet to carry a control word. When the local device has no control word processing capability, no control word is carried when the peer device sends a service packet to the local device.

Abstract: An arbitration system receives requests to access a destination during an arbitration window that spans multiple processor clock cycles. During each clock cycle, the destination is monitored to determine whether the destination is suffering from backpressure by receiving more requests than the destination is able to accommodate during the clock cycle. In response to detecting backpressure, a masking index value assigned to a requesting source is incremented, which limits an amount of requests from the source that will be granted destination access during a subsequent arbitration window. Alternatively, in response to detecting an absence of backpressure during an arbitration window, the masking index value is decremented, which increases the amount of requests from the source that will be granted destination access during a subsequent arbitration window.

Abstract: A communication system according an embodiment includes one or more hardware processors. The one or more hardware processors calculate indicators used to detect presence of abnormality caused by a situation in which a size of a message is larger than a maximum allowable size of a queue, the indicators being calculated based on gate control information including a plurality of entries each of which indicates gate states corresponding to a plurality of queues.

Abstract: One or more Push-To-Talk (PTT) processing devices of an Internet Protocol (IP) communication system receive an indication that a telephone call has been parked in the IP communication system. The one or more PTT processing devices determine the location of one or more PTT users of the IP communication system. The one or more PTT processing devices generate a first PTT channel based upon location of the one or more PTT users. The first PTT channel includes a first subset of the one or more PTT users. The one or more PTT processing devices transmit a first PTT audio notification that the telephone call is parked in the IP communication system to the first PTT channel.

Abstract: A storage systems is configured so that when a network interface receives a write request, the network interface performs protocol processing on the write request and transfers a write command to a storage controller, the storage controller reserves a data storage area in a cache memory, the network interface receives a data transfer request from the storage controller and stores data relating to the write request in the reserved storage area of the cache memory, the storage controller transfers a write response to the network interface, and the network interface responds to the source of the write request.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described for virtualizing routing of network traffic by offloading routing decisions to a controller in communication with a plurality of network devices. For load balancing applications, the controller may make up-front decisions as to both destination and route, rather than wait until traffic has been routed to a load balancing point before determining the destination.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus (1) stores address management information (t1) which indicates address information of each of network devices and also indicates a connection to each of the network devices. A detection section (12) detects a failure of a router (R1) with a notification from each of the network devices. An acquisition section (11) acquires information from each of the network devices to cope with the detected failure. A rewriting section (13) rewrites the address management information (t1) such that a router (R2) has a virtual IP address and a virtual MAC address set in a virtual router VR based on the acquired information.

Abstract: A method for communication includes partitioning local links in a subnetwork of a packet data network into at least first and second groups. For each local link that connects a first upper-tier switch to a first lower-tier switch in the subnetwork, a corresponding detour route is defined, passing through a first local link belonging to the first group from the first upper-tier switch to a second lower-tier switch, and from the second lower-tier switch over a second local link to a second upper-tier switch, and from the second upper-tier switch over a third local link belonging to the second group to the first lower-tier switch. Upon a failure of the local link connecting the first upper-tier switch to the first lower-tier switch, data packets arriving from the network at the first upper-tier switch are rerouted to pass via the corresponding detour route to the first lower-tier switch.

Abstract: An example branch gateway includes processing circuitry, memory including instructions, and a plurality of ports. The branch gateway transmits, from a plurality of ports, a first broadcast message. The branch gateway receives, in response to the first broadcast message, response messages on respective ports. The branch gateway determines, based on a receipt order of the response messages, an identifying address from a first response message. The branch gateway assigns the respective port for each response message to a unique VLAN. The branch gateway determines, for each port assigned to a unique VLAN, a link health parameter. The branch gateway selects a primary port to connect to an activation server of a WAN. The branch gateway selects a secondary port to connect to the activation server.

Abstract: Techniques to facilitate protection of data resources from unauthorized access are disclosed herein. In at least one implementation, a data shield server instructs a user to replace an address and a port associated with a data resource with an updated address associated with the data shield server and a unique port that is uniquely assigned to the user. A request from the user to access the data resource is received at the updated address associated with the data shield server and on the unique port that is uniquely assigned to the user. In response to the request, the user is authenticated using multi-factor authentication to verify that an identity of the user that submitted the request matches the user assigned to the unique port on which the request was received. Upon successful authentication, the data shield server operates as a proxy to connect the user through to the data resource.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus to monitor mobile Internet activity are disclosed. An example apparatus includes at least one memory, machine-readable instructions, programmable circuitry to execute the machine-readable instructions to at least assign a first port of a proxy server to a mobile device associated with a panelist, cause transmission of configuration data to the mobile device to instruct the mobile device to transmit future requests the first port of the proxy server, obtain a first request for media on the first port originating from the mobile device, and after a determination that the first request originated from an Internet Protocol (IP) address associated with an IP address range representative of devices on a cellular network, service the first request, generate a data association, request the media from an Internet media provider identified in the first request, and cause transmission of the media to the mobile device.

Abstract: A hyperconverged industrial process control architecture is disclosed for controlling an industrial process within a physical process environment using a software-defined distributed control system (DCS) environment. The software-defined DCS environment may be implemented by virtualizing the hardware components of a DCS architecture on a server group to enable both software-defined process controllers and back-end DCS applications to run within the server group. This software-defined DCS network architecture reduces the hardware requirements of the process control system and reduces configuration complexity by implementing control components and higher-level components within a common environment within the server group.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for wireless communications. A wireless device may advertise communication parameters for a particular frequency band over another frequency band. In one example, a wireless device generates multi-band wrapper information element or a neighbor report information element, which may include one or more subelements, each conveying communication information for a particular frequency band. The wireless device may include the multi-band wrapper information element or the neighbor report information element in a management frame and may transmit the management frame over a first frequency band. Another wireless device may receive the management frame over the first frequency band and may obtain the communication information for other frequency bands from the included multi-band wrapper information element.

Abstract: A network device can automatically select an execution plan from a set of possible execution plans that cause a first set of traffic assignments in a network to be changed to a second set of traffic assignments. A traffic assignment indicates assignments of the traffic to one or more tunnels, internal routes and/or peer links to be utilized for routing traffic received at provider edge routers through a network to prefixes. A traffic assignment can have various parameters such as bandwidth, transmission costs etc. Each execution plan has one or more steps, and each step has one or more traffic assignment changes progressing from the first set of traffic assignments to the second set of traffic assignments. The network device can automatically select an execution plan based on an evaluation metric determined for each execution plan. The evaluation metric can be a cost based metric or a quality based metric.

Abstract: A reception apparatus includes a demodulation circuit configured to demodulate packets obtained with respect to each of multiple PLPs included in a broadcast signal; and a processing circuit configured to process the packets demodulated by the demodulation circuit. The demodulation circuit and the processing circuit are connected with each other via a single interface or interfaces fewer than the number of the PLPs. The demodulation circuit adds identification information to a specific packet among the packets obtained with respect to each of the PLP, the identification information identifying the PLP to which each of the packets belongs. The processing circuit identifies the PLP to which belongs each of the packets input from the demodulation circuit via the single interface or the interfaces fewer than the number of the PLPs, based on the identification information obtained from the specific packet.

Abstract: Exemplary methods, apparatuses, and systems include a file system process obtaining locks on a first node and a second node in a tree structure, with the second node being a child node of the first node. The file system process determines a quantity of child nodes of the second. While holding the locks on the first and second nodes, the file system determines whether to proactively split or merge the second node. In response to determining that the quantity of child nodes is within a first range, the file system process splits the second node. If the file system process determines that the quantity of child nodes is within a second range, the file system process merges the second node.