Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for encoding a scene of media content based on visual elements of the scene. A scene of media content may comprise one or more visual elements, such as individual objects in the scene. Each visual element may be classified based on, for example, the motion and/or identity of the visual element. Based on the visual element classifications, scene encoder parameters and/or visual element encoder parameters for different visual elements may be determined. The scene may be encoded using the scene encoder parameters and/or the visual element encoder parameters.

Abstract: A predetermined context variable is assigned, according to a device, system, or method, to a first bin of a bin sequence obtained by binarizing an adaptive orthogonal transform identifier indicating a mode of adaptive orthogonal transform in image encoding and context encoding is performed for the first bin of the bin sequence. Furthermore, a predetermined context variable is assigned to a first bin of a bin sequence obtained by binarizing an adaptive orthogonal transform identifier indicating a mode of inverse adaptive orthogonal transform in image decoding and context decoding is performed for the first bin of the bin sequence.

Abstract: A content delivery server is configured to: receive a request for a chunk of a segment of a video stream, the segment of the video stream including a series of chunks, each of the chunks including a set of video frames, a first of the chunks being aligned with a first Instantaneous Decoder Refresh frame in the video stream, and a second of the chunks being aligned with a second subsequent Instantaneous Decoder Refresh frame in the video stream; determine whether the request was received during a first interval or a second subsequent interval of an intra period between the first of the chunks and the second of the chunks; output the first of the chunks or the second of the chunks for transmission based on the determination of whether the request was received during the first interval or the second interval.

Abstract: A system and method for coding video in which deblocking artifacts are reduced by using modified filtering that is based, at least in part on pixel intensity associated with a coding unit, such that filtering levels are increased as pixel intensity increases. In some embodiments, an offset value or indicator of an offset value for parameters associated with deblocking filter parameters can be associated with a filtering level that is based at least in part on an intensity value.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses to encode both high dynamic range images and low dynamic range images. The input video may also convert the high dynamic range image to an image of lower luminance dynamic range by applying either a scaling the high dynamic range image to a predetermined scale of the luma axis or by applying a sensitivity tone mapping which changes the brightnesses of pixel colors falling within a subrange or by applying a gamma function or by applying an arbitrary monotonically increasing function mapping the lumas.

Abstract: Approaches for data compression involve a compression circuit packing non-zero data elements of a succession of words of a plurality of blocks into packed words by packing non-zero data elements of one or more words of the succession in each packed word, and restricting each packed word to data elements of one uncompressed block. The compression circuit writes each packed word in a RAM and within a compressed address range associated with the uncompressed block when the packed word is full of non-zero data elements, or before the packed word is full if the next input word is of another uncompressed block.

Abstract: A dependency indication is signaled within the beginning of a packet, that is, within the adjacent of a slice header to be parsed or a parameter set. This is achieved, for example, by including the dependency indication at the beginning of the slice header, preferably after a syntax element identifying the parameter set and before the slice address, by including the dependency indication before the slice address, by providing the dependency indication to a NALU header using a separate message, or by using a special NALU type for NALUs carrying dependent slices.

Abstract: Video processing methods and apparatuses implemented in a video encoding or decoding system with conditional secondary transform signaling. The video encoding system determines and applies a transform operation to residuals of one or more transform blocks to generate final transform coefficients, and skip signaling a secondary transform index if a position of a last significant coefficient in each considered transform block is less than or equal to a predefined position; otherwise, the video encoding system signals a secondary transform index according to the transform operation.

Abstract: An image decoding method according to the present invention comprises the steps of: referring to a first flag for indicating whether intra block-based delta pulse code modulation (BDPCM) signaled through a sequence parameter set is permitted, so as to determine whether a second flag for indicating whether the intra BDPCM is applied to a current block is parsed; determining whether the intra BDPCM is applied to the current block on the basis of the second flag; determining an intra BDPCM mode of the current block when it is determined that the intra BDPCM is applied to the current block; and acquiring a residual sample of the current block on the basis of the intra BDPCM mode.

Abstract: In a case that luminance information is used for a chrominance prediction in a separate coding tree structure, there is a problem that chrominance blocks cannot be decoded before all luminance blocks constituting a tree are decoded. An image decoding apparatus that splits an image into coding tree units (CTUs) that are rectangular for processing includes a CT information decoding unit configured to split a CTU of the CTUs into coding trees CTs and to process one or more color components as a single coding tree using one coding tree CT of the coding trees CTs or process two or more color components as a separate coding tree using two or more coding trees CTs of the coding trees CTs depending on a tree mode, a CU decoding unit configured to decode a split flag indicating whether to further split a CT of the CTs and to recursively perform block splitting, and an intra predictor configured to use a decoded image of one color component to generate a prediction image of another color component.

Abstract: Audio streaming devices, systems, and methods may employ adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) techniques providing for optimum performance even while ensuring robustness against transmission errors. One illustrative device includes: a difference element that produces a sequence of prediction error values by subtracting predicted values from audio samples; a scaling element that produces scaled error values by dividing each prediction error by a corresponding envelope estimate; a quantizer that operates on the scaled error values to produce quantized error values; a multiplier that uses the corresponding envelope estimates to produce reconstructed error values; a predictor that produces the next audio sample values based on the reconstructed error values; and an envelope estimator.

Abstract: Video processing can involve encoding and/or decoding a picture based on determining an activation of a processing mode involving a motion vector refinement process and a second process other than the motion vector refinement process; modifying the motion vector refinement process based on the activation and the second process; and encoding and/or decoding the picture based on the modified motion vector refinement process and the second process.

Abstract: A processing device, operatively coupled with a memory device, is configured to perform a write operation on a page of a plurality of pages of a data unit of a memory device. The processing device further generates a parity page for data stored in the page of the data unit and associates the parity page with parity data associated with the data unit. Responsive to determining that a first size of the parity data is larger than a first threshold size, the processing device compresses the parity data. Responsive to determining that a second size of the compressed parity data is larger than a second threshold size, the processing device releases at least a subset of the parity data corresponding to a subset of the data that is free from defects.

Abstract: A content delivery server is configured to receive a request for a chunk of a segment of a video stream, the segment of the video stream including a series of chunks, each of the chunks including a set of video frames, a first of the chunks being aligned with a first Instantaneous Decoder Refresh frame in the video stream, and a second of the chunks being aligned with a second subsequent Instantaneous Decoder Refresh frame in the video stream; determine whether the request was received during a first interval or a second subsequent interval of an intra period between the first of the chunks and the second of the chunks; and output the first of the chunks or the second of the chunks for transmission based on the determination of whether the request was received during the first interval or the second interval.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a device in which a processing system receives an electromagnetic signal including a plurality of packets, stores a copy of the packets in a memory, converts the signal to an optical signal, and splits the optical signal into first and second optical signals each including the packets. A first converter and second converter then convert the optical signals to electromagnetic signals. A timing coordinator sends a timing signal to the memory and to the first and second converters, resulting in simultaneous release of a copied packet from the memory and first and second packets from the first and second converters. The system compares the copied packet with the first and second packets; if those packets are identical to the copied packet, the system outputs the first and second packets in outgoing signals. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for image decoding, according to the present invention, includes the following steps: receiving image information including a plurality of filter coefficients; generating a restored block for a current block on the basis of the image information; and applying an adaptive loop filter to the restored block on the basis of the plurality of filter coefficients. According to the present invention, image encoding efficiency may be improved, and complexity may be reduced.

Abstract: A method for providing a differentiated feature to a first user equipment (UE) connected to a local area network (LAN) implemented by a router connected to a customer premises equipment (CPE) provisioned with a default feature associated with a first service tier of a plurality of service tiers provided by an internet service provider includes obtaining data indicating the first UE has connected to the LAN and determining the first UE is eligible for a second service tier of the different tiers. In response to determining the first UE is eligible for the second service tier, the method includes causing the CPE to be dynamically provisioned for a differentiated service associated with the second service tier. The method includes sending a message to the router to configure the router to provide the differentiated feature to the first UE.

Abstract: A vehicle control module includes a vehicle device and a vehicle network interface. The vehicle device is operable to perform a vehicle function. The vehicle network interface facilitates communication regarding the vehicle function between the vehicle device and a vehicle network fabric in accordance with a global vehicle network communication protocol.

Abstract: Techniques and tools for encoding enhancement layer video with quantization that varies spatially and/or between color channels are presented, along with corresponding decoding techniques and tools. For example, an encoding tool determines whether quantization varies spatially over a picture, and the tool also determines whether quantization varies between color channels in the picture. The tool signals quantization parameters for macroblocks in the picture in an encoded bit stream. In some implementations, to signal the quantization parameters, the tool predicts the quantization parameters, and the quantization parameters are signaled with reference to the predicted quantization parameters. A decoding tool receives the encoded bit stream, predicts the quantization parameters, and uses the signaled information to determine the quantization parameters for the macroblocks of the enhancement layer video. The decoding tool performs inverse quantization that can vary spatially and/or between color channels.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a 3D image of a portion of an organ including a cavity, the image comprising voxels having respective values. A wall of the cavity is identified in the image, by (i) positioning virtual solid objects inside respective sub-volumes of the cavity, (ii) moving the virtual solid objects inside the cavity according to a predefined rule of motion, (iii) while the virtual solid objects move inside the cavity, adapting the traversed voxels to predefined value indicative of the interior of the cavity, (iv) responsively to detecting that a virtual solid object comes into contact with the wall, rolling the virtual solid object over the wall, and adapting a surface of the virtual solid object with the values of the voxels over which the surface rolls, and (v) converting adapted voxel values that are lower than a threshold voxel value into the predefined value indicative of the interior.

Abstract: A system including a medical device is provided. The medical device includes at least one sensor configured to acquire first data descriptive of a patient, first memory storing a plurality of templates, and at least one processor coupled to the at least one sensor and the first memory. The at least one processor is configured to identify a first template of the plurality of templates that is similar to the first data, to determine first difference data based on the first template and the first data, and to store the first difference data in association with the first template. The system may further include the programmable device.

Abstract: A decoder that decodes a current block using a motion vector includes: a processor; and memory. Using the memory, the processor: derives a first candidate vector from one or more candidate vectors of one or more neighboring blocks that neighbor the current block; determines, in a first reference picture for the current block, a first adjacent region that includes a position indicated by the first candidate vector; calculates evaluation values of a plurality of candidate regions included in the first adjacent region; and determines a first motion vector of the current block, based on a first candidate region having a smallest evaluation value among the evaluation values. The first adjacent region is included in a first motion estimation region determined based on the position indicated by the first candidate vector.

Abstract: Provided are a device and a method for transmitting and receiving voice data in a wireless communication system. A method for operating a transmission terminal for transmitting a voice signal comprises the steps of: generating sampling and bitrate request information including sampling information for determining a sampling rate of the voice signal and bitrate information for determining a bitrate of the voice signal, and transmitting the generated sampling and bitrate request information to a reception terminal; receiving, from the reception terminal, combined determination information obtained by at least one combination of the sampling rate determined on the basis of the sampling information and the bitrate determined on the basis of the bitrate information; and compressing the voice signal according to the received combined determination information, and transmitting the compressed voice signal to the reception terminal.

Abstract: The application provides a content addressable memory (CAM) memory device, a CAM memory cell and a method for searching and comparing data thereof. The CAM memory device includes: a plurality of CAM memory strings; and an electrical characteristic detection circuit. In data searching, a search data is compared with a storage data stored in the CAM memory strings, the CAM memory strings generate a plurality of memory string currents, the electrical characteristic detection circuit detects the memory string currents to generate a plurality of sensing results, or detects a plurality of match line voltages on a plurality of match lines coupled to the CAM memory string to generate the plurality of search results. The storage data and the search data is a range storage data and a single-bit search data, or the storage data and the search data is a single-bit storage data and a range search data.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods, devices, and storage medium for generating a natural language description for a media object. The method includes respectively processing, by a device, a media object by using a plurality of natural language description models to obtain a plurality of first feature vectors corresponding to a plurality of feature types. The device includes a memory storing instructions and a processor in communication with the memory. The method also includes fusing, by the device, the plurality of first feature to obtain a second feature vector; and generating, by the device, a natural language description for the media object according to the second feature vector, the natural language description being used for expressing the media object in natural language. The present disclosure resolves the technical problem that natural language description generated for a media object can only give an insufficiently accurate description of the media object.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for processing visual media data are described. One example method includes performing a conversion between visual media data and a visual media file that includes one or more tracks that store one or more bitstreams of the visual media data; and wherein the visual media data comprises one or more pictures comprising one or more subpictures or one or more slices; wherein the visual media file stores the one or more tracks according to a format rule; and wherein the format rule specifies that a track that includes a sequence of the one or more slices or the one or more subpictures covers a rectangular area of the one or more pictures.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing dynamic dictionary-based compression and decompression are described herein. A computing device may receive, during a currently running session with a client device, a plurality of messages. The computing device may determine, based on the plurality of messages, one or more frames. The computing device may determine, based on the one or more frames, data samples. The computing device may compress the one or more frames based on a compression dictionary. The computing device may train, during the currently running session, the compression dictionary based on the determined data samples, to create a new compression dictionary. The computing device may determine, during the currently running session and based on receiving additional messages, one or more additional frames. In addition, the computing device may compress the one or more additional frames based on the new compression dictionary.

Abstract: A data compression method comprises encoding groups of data items by generating, for each group, header data comprising h-bits and a plurality of body portions each comprising b-bits and each body portion corresponding to a data item in the group. The value of h may be fixed for all groups and the value of b is fixed within a group, wherein the header data for a group comprises an indication of b for the body portions of that group. In various examples, b=0 and so there are no body portions. In examples where b is not equal to zero, a body data field is generated for each group by interleaving bits from the body portions corresponding to data items in the group. The resultant encoded data block, comprising the header data and, where present, the body data field can be written to memory.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for bit budgeting in video encode pre-analysis based on context and features are disclosed. A pre-encoder receives a video frame and evaluates each block of the frame for the presence of several contextual indicators. The contextual indicators can include memory colors, text, depth of field, and other specific objects. For each contextual indicator detected, a coefficient is generated and added with other coefficients to generate a final importance value for the block. The coefficients can be adjusted so that only a defined fraction of the picture is deemed important. The final importance value of the block is used to determine the bit budget for the block. The block bit budgets are provided to the encoder and used to influence the quantization parameters used for encoding the blocks.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory including computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive a picture; encode the picture as one or more slices; and encode, into a slice header of a slice of the one or more slices, a subpicture identifier indicative of a subpicture that comprises the slice; wherein the subpicture identifier is indicative of a subpicture position for the subpicture comprising the slice, the subpicture identifier being among one or more subpicture identifiers indicative of one or more subpicture positions for one or more subpictures comprising one or more slices.

Abstract: A mobile device includes a display, at least one sensor, and a wireless transceiver. The mobile device also includes control circuitry coupled to the display, the at least one sensor, and the wireless transceiver. The control circuitry is configured to obtain content primitives from the at least one sensor, to perform content provisioning operations to obtain content based at least in part on the content primitives, and to display the obtained content on the display, wherein at least some of the content is virtual content. In response to a bandwidth condition of the wireless communication channel being less than a threshold, the control circuitry is configured to perform adjusted content provisioning operations that involve increasing an amount of image processing operations performed by the mobile device to obtain the content.

Abstract: An image decoding method according to the present invention comprises the steps of: acquiring information to form a reference picture set of a current picture by entropy decoding the received bitstream information; and performing prediction on a prediction block inside the current picture by using a reference picture list which is formed based on the reference picture set.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for memory address encoding of multi-dimensional data in a manner that optimizes the storage and access of such data in linear data storage. The multi-dimensional data may be spatial-temporal data that includes two or more spatial dimensions and a time dimension. An improved memory architecture is provided that includes an address encoder that takes a multi-dimensional coordinate as input and produces a linear physical memory address. The address encoder encodes the multi-dimensional data such that two multi-dimensional coordinates close to one another in multi-dimensional space are likely to be stored in close proximity to one another in linear data storage. In this manner, the number of main memory accesses, and thus, overall memory access latency is reduced, particularly in connection with real-world applications in which the respective probabilities of moving along any given dimension are very close.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a processed audio signal representation on the basis of input audio signal representation configured to apply an un-windowing, in order to provide the processed audio signal representation on the basis of the input audio signal representation. The apparatus is configured to adapt the un-windowing in dependence on one or more signal characteristics and/or in dependence on one or more processing parameters used for a provision of the input audio signal representation.

Abstract: A data processing method includes obtaining a plurality of data blocks, determining a first data block and a second data block from the data blocks, where the first data block has a first hash value, and the second data block has a second hash value, where the first hash value is obtained by performing calculation on the first data block based on a hash algorithm and the second hash value is obtained by performing calculation on the second data block based on the hash algorithm, and combining and compressing the first data block and the second data block based on a degree of similarity of the first data block and the second data block.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to management of information streams. The information streams can be delivered according to adaptive streaming mechanisms. In one aspect, a method of data stream management can comprise receiving a plurality of data streams having a specific bit rate and a segmentation signaling structure, comprising at least one segmentation signaling marker. The method may also comprise monitoring the segmentation signaling structure of at least one data stream and supplying, based on the monitoring, a metric indicative of compliance with a predetermined segmentation signaling structure.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for signal processing at base station are disclosed. According to an embodiment, a digital unit (DU) compresses a block of baseband signal samples. The DU determines whether valley increment is to be applied on decompressed block of baseband signal samples by a radio unit (RU) connected with the DU, based on the compressed block. When determining that valley increment is not to be applied, the DU generates an indication for indicating not to apply valley increment. When determining that valley increment is to be applied, the DU determines information related to bit loss due to the compression. The DU sends, to the RU, the compressed block and the indication or the information related to bit loss.

Abstract: An image coding method of hierarchically coding a plurality of pictures to generate a bitstream, includes: coding each of the plurality of pictures, which belongs to any one of a plurality of hierarchical layers, with reference to a picture belonging to a hierarchical layer which is same as or lower than a hierarchical layer to which the picture belongs, and without reference to a picture belonging to a hierarchical layer which is higher than the hierarchical layer to which the picture belongs; and generating the bitstream by coding the coded pictures and time information indicating decoding times of the coded pictures. The time information indicates that the decoding times are set at equal intervals for low-layer pictures which are the plurality of pictures other than highest-layer pictures belonging to a highest layer among the plurality of hierarchical layers.

Abstract: Systems, methods and computer software are disclosed for providing core High Availability (HA) for a wireless network. In one embodiment, a method is disclosed, comprising: providing a first node, a second node and a third node; allocating a set of locally generated Tunnel Endpoint Identifiers (TEIDs) for UEs anchored on the second node; detecting, by a first node, a second node having a connectivity issue; and migrating a User Equipment (UE) connected to the second node to a third node which is accessible; using the set of locally generated TEIDs to identify the UE migration.

Abstract: An example method of decoding video data includes obtaining, from a coded video bitstream and for a current block of the video data, an indication of an intra-prediction mode that identifies an initial predictive block; filtering, in parallel, samples in a current line of a plurality of lines of the initial predictive block based on filtered values of samples in a preceding line of the plurality of lines and unfiltered values of samples in the current line to generate filtered values for samples for the current line; and reconstructing, using intra prediction, values of samples of the current block based on the filtered values of the samples of the current initial predictive block and residual data for the current block that represents a difference between the filtered values of the samples of the current initial predictive block and the values of samples of the current block.

Abstract: A system includes code including first obtaining code to obtain a first syntax element that indicates a first quantization index value for an AC coefficient of an image; second obtaining code to obtain at least one second syntax element that indicates an offset value; third obtaining code to obtain a second quantization index value for another coefficient of the image; fourth obtaining code to obtain a quantization step size that corresponds to the second quantization index value that is obtained; and determining code to determine whether a mode in which the image is to be coded is a lossy mode or a lossless mode based on determining whether the first quantization index value is equal to a quantization index value associated with lossless coding, and based on determining whether the offset value is less than or equal to the quantization index value associated with the lossless coding.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention disclose a method, computer program product, and system for improving object detection in high-resolution images at inference time. The method includes one or more processors receiving a high-resolution image. The method further includes one or more processors decomposing the received image into hierarchically organized layers of images. Each layer comprises at least one image tile of the received image. Each of the image tiles have a corresponding resolution suitable to a baseline image recognition algorithm. The method further includes one or more processors applying the baseline algorithm to each of the image tiles of each layer. The method further includes one or more processors performing a result aggregation of results of the baseline algorithm applications to the image tiles of the layers.

Abstract: Techniques for performing compression operations on persistently-stored data blocks during read/write commands. A method embodiment performs in-line data compression operations over data blocks referenced by a caller. The in-line data compression operations are performed during execution of a storage input-output (I/O) command, between the event of receipt of the storage I/O command and the event of returning status of the storage I/O command. The storage I/O operation is associated with at least one data group comprising one or more data blocks that are identified by the caller. Upon receipt of the storage I/O command, one or more compression rules are applied to the data blocks to determine one or more compression parameters, which compression parameters are used to form specific compression operations that are performed over at least a portion of the data group. The status pertaining to the execution of the storage I/O operation is returned to the caller.

Abstract: A method performed by an IRU of a base station system, the base station system comprising the IRU, a BBU connected to the IRU, and a first RH connected to the IRU via a packet data network. The first RH is arranged for wireless transmission in RF of a plurality of antenna carriers to UEs. The method comprises receiving, from the BBU, a plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers of the first RH, each first digital representation representing one antenna carrier, the plurality of first digital representations being received in a baseband frequency range, frequency multiplexing the plurality of first digital representations of the plurality of antenna carriers into a second digital representation over a first bandwidth, and transmitting the second digital representation to the first RH.

Abstract: A video encoding apparatus is a video encoding apparatus for subjecting a video image to motion compensated prediction coding, comprising an acquisition module to acquire available blocks of blocks having motion vectors from encoded blocks adjacent to a to-be-encoded block and number of the available blocks, an acquisition/selection module to select one selection block from the encoded available blocks, a selection information encoder to encode selection information specifying the selection block using a code table corresponding to the number of available blocks, and an image encoder to subject the to-be-encoded block to motion compensated prediction coding using a motion vector of the selection block.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to fixed-to-fixed shaping encoding. A device may determine a mapping table associated with uniformly distributed bits into amplitudes with desired probabilities. The device may predict a number of output bits for an input block. The device may apply padding as needed based on the predicted number of output bits.

Abstract: A method for motion estimation, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and an electronic device are provided. The method includes the following. An error between a block to be matched and each of reference blocks is determined to obtain multiple errors. At least one candidate block is determined from the reference blocks according to the multiple errors. A random number range is determined according to a displacement between the block to be matched and each of the reference blocks. Random motion vectors are obtained by using a motion vector between the block to be matched and each of the at least one candidate block as a basic motion vector and random numbers within the random number range as increments. A target motion vector corresponding to the block to be matched is determined according to the random motion vectors.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are provided. An image decoding method performed by an image decoding apparatus may include determining a prediction mode of a current block, generating a prediction block of the current block based on inter prediction mode information, based on the prediction mode of the current block being an inter prediction mode, generating a residual block of the current block based on a transform block of the current block, and reconstructing the current block based on the prediction block and the residual block of the current bloc.

Abstract: The over-provisioning (OP) of a physical storage device (PSD) may be increased, and the useful life of the PSD increased, by converting uncompressed data stored on the PSD to compressed data. It may be determined that increasing the useful life of the PSD, and the data reduction resulting from the compression, outweigh the benefit of faster I/O response times if the data remains uncompressed. A first portion of the PSD may be initially reserved for compression. A second portion of the PSD may store compressed data. It may be determined whether it is desirable to increase the OP of the PSD to thereby reduce the effective write rate on the PSD. If compression is determined to be desirable, the dynamic portion may be compressed, thereby reducing the amount of storage space consumed by the data, and freeing up storage space that can be used by the PSD for OP.

Abstract: A method for video processing includes performing a conversion between a current video block and a bitstream representation of the current video block using an intra-prediction coding scheme based on an n-order polynomial model using at least one variable associated with the current video block, where n is an integer greater than or equal to zero, wherein the conversion includes generating the current video block from the bitstream representation or generating the bitstream representation from the current video block.