Abstract: A computer implemented method for encoding bits by qubits to perform information-theoretically secure quantum gate computation, according to which pairs of quantum bits consisting of a first qubit as an encoding of “0” and a second qubit as an encoding of “1” are randomly selected, such that the first and second qubits are orthogonal to each other as quantum states and are interchanged by a NOT gate. Each qubit rotating to a desired initial direction and then each rotated qubit is further rotated to its antipodal direction by applying a quantum NOT or CNOT gate to the each rotated qubit, without any knowledge about the desired direction. A unitary gate is further applied over the qubits, using an ancillary |0 qubit that creates an equally weighted superposition of the qubits.

Abstract: A quantum key distribution system may include a transceiver including a state randomizer to impart a random state transformation to one or more qubits of a generated faint pulse and a quantum bit encoder to reflect the faint pulse back to the transceiver with one or more encoded bits. The transceiver may receive a return pulse through the communication channel, where the state randomizer reverses the random state transformation. The transceiver may include three or more detectors to measure the return pulse at time-gated timeslots associated with possible paths of the return pulse. Reception of the faint pulse from the quantum bit encoder as the return pulse triggers a detector in a first known subset of the detectors, while reception of a faked-state pulse from a third party as the return pulse results in a non-zero probability of triggering of a detector in a second known subset of the detectors.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for receiving quantum optical communication while reducing receiver, increasing maximum detection speed, or both. The disclosure comprises transforming the polarization encoded output of a QKD system to time-bin encoded output at the detector level. The disclosure also comprises a method and an apparatus using a quantum optical switch and several SPD units to increase communication speed.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, methods, and computer program products are disclosed for post-quantum cryptography (PQC). An example method includes receiving data. The example method further includes generating a set of data attributes about the data. The example method further includes generating a data envelope based on the set of data attributes. Subsequently, the example method includes generating an enveloped data structure based on the data envelope and the data.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, methods, and computer program products are disclosed for quantum entanglement authentication (QEA). An example method includes generating, at a first computing device, a first number based on a subset of a first set of entangled quantum particles associated with the first computing device. Each entangled quantum particle in the first set of entangled quantum particles may be entangled with a respective entangled quantum particle in a second set of entangled quantum particles associated with a second computing device. The example method further includes transmitting an electronic identification of the subset of the first set of entangled quantum particles to the second computing device. In some instances, the example method may further include receiving a second number from the second computing device and authenticating a session between the first computing device and the second computing device in an instance in which the second number corresponds, or is identical, to the first number.

Abstract: A system method for quantum key includes providing an initial key in a first data processing device and a second data processing device; providing, in the second data processing device, a quantum signal comprising a plurality of quantum states; determining, in the second data processing device, a plurality of quantum measurement parameters, a raw signal by quantum measuring the plurality of quantum states employing the plurality of quantum measurement parameters; generating with the initial key, in the second data processing device, an encrypted signal; determining, in at least one of the first data processing device and the second data processing device, a reconciled signal from the encrypted signal; determining, in at least one of the first data processing device and the second data processing device, a shared key from the reconciled signal by correcting the first reconciled signal.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for transmitting qubits encoding quantum information with reduced risk of interception from an eavesdropper. In one aspect, a method includes encoding quantum information into an information qubit; encrypting the information qubit, comprising performing i) a parity operation on the information qubit and a parity control qubit and ii) a phase operation on the information qubit and a phase control qubit; performing, by a sender party, a sequence of one or more quantum logic gates on the phase control qubit; sending the information qubit, parity control qubit, and phase control qubit to a recipient party; and sending data identifying the sequence of one or more quantum logic gates to the recipient party, wherein the recipient party obtains the quantum information encoded into the information qubit using the information qubit, parity control qubit, phase control qubit, and data identifying the sequence of one or more quantum logic gates.

Abstract: A method of checking the integrity of a wireless distributed communication packet using a trust field in a wireless distributed communication system may comprise: allowing a first terminal to acquire a trust-field-generation-specific secret key of a second terminal; allowing the second terminal to generate a trust field utilizing all bits to be transmitted to the first terminal; allowing the second terminal to generate a first packet using the trust field and all the bits to be transmitted; allowing the second terminal to transmit the first packet to the first terminal; and allowing the first terminal to check the integrity of the first packet using the trust-field-generation-specific secret key and the trust field included in the first packet.

Abstract: A system and method for quantum key distribution includes determining an intrinsic loss along a quantum channel; generating a pulse sequence; transmitting the pulse sequence via the quantum channel; receiving the pulse sequence; determining invalid signal positions and providing the invalid signal positions; determining a first reconciled signal from the first signal and the invalid signal positions, and determining a second reconciled signal from the second signal and the invalid signal positions; determining a total loss along the quantum channel from the at least one test pulse received, determining a signal loss from the total loss and the intrinsic loss, and providing the signal loss; determining a shared by error correcting the first reconciled signal and the second reconciled signal; and determining an amplified key from the shared key by shortening the shared key by a shortening amount that is determined from the signal loss.

Abstract: Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) can provide security against quantum computers that could feasibly determine private keys from public keys. A server communicating with a device can store and use PKI keys comprising server private key ss, device public key Sd, and device ephemeral public key Ed. The device can store and use the corresponding PKI keys, such as server public key Ss. The key use can support all of (i) mutual authentication, (ii) forward secrecy, and (iii) shared secret key exchange. The server and the device can conduct an ECDHE key exchange with the PKI keys to mutually derive a symmetric ciphering key K1. The device can encrypt a device public key PK.Device with K1 and send to the server as a first ciphertext. The server can encrypt a server public key PK.Network with at least K1 and send to the device as a second ciphertext.

Abstract: There is herein provided a method of performing Quantum Key Distribution, the method including transmitting, in a first basis state, a first photon from a quantum transmitter to a quantum receiver; transmitting, in a second basis state, a second photon from the quantum transmitter to the quantum receiver, the second basis state being non-orthogonal to the first basis state and the transmitter and receiver being optically connected by both a first optical channel and a second optical channel, wherein transmitting the first photon from the quantum transmitter to the quantum receiver in the first basis state comprises: transmitting the first photon from the quantum transmitter to the quantum receiver along either the first optical channel or the second optical channel, wherein transmitting the second photon from the quantum transmitter to the quantum receiver in the second basis state comprises: transmitting a first portion of the probability distribution of the second photon from the transmitter to the receiver

Abstract: Disclosed is a quantum key distribution system using an RFI (reference frame independent) QKD (quantum key distribution) protocol, which includes a first signal processing circuit that generates transmission basis information and transmission bit information, a quantum channel transmitter that generates a single photon or coherent light, and modulates the single photon or the coherent light based on the transmission basis information and the transmission bit information to generate a quantum signal, a quantum channel receiver that receives the quantum signal through a quantum channel and detects reception bit information from the quantum signal based on reception basis information, and a second signal processing circuit that generates the reception basis information, transmits the reception basis information to the first signal processing circuit through a public channel, and receives the transmission basis information from the first signal processing circuit through the public channel.

Abstract: Message authenticators for quantum-secured communications facilitate low-latency authentication with assurances of security. Low-latency message authenticators are especially valuable in infrastructure systems where security and latency constraints are difficult to satisfy with conventional non-quantum cryptography. For example, a message transmitter receives a message and derives an authentication tag for the message based at least in part on an authenticator that uses one or more quantum keys. The message transmitter outputs the message and its authentication tag. A message receiver receives a message and authentication tag for the message. The message receiver derives a comparison tag for the message based at least in part on an authenticator that uses one or more quantum keys. The message receiver checks whether the message is authentic based on a comparison of the authentication tag and the comparison tag. In example implementations, the authenticator uses stream-wise cyclic redundancy code operations.

Abstract: A system and method for performing differential phase shift in a quantum network are disclosed. The method includes determining a quantum key distribution (QKD) configuration for a quantum signal comprising a series of pulses based on signal amplitude, signal pulse width and block length. Further, the method includes grouping pulses to generate quantum signal blocks based on determined QKD configuration. The method includes assigning a random label to each of the quantum signal block based on the determined quantum key distribution configuration. Also, the method includes performing hybrid phase modulation to each of the pulses individually and to each of the quantum signal blocks with a defined phase difference between the each of the pulses individually and each of the quantum signal blocks. The hybrid phase modulation is performed based on the assigned random label. Further, the method includes transmitting the hybrid phase modulated quantum signal blocks to receiving units.

Abstract: An optical emitter comprising a primary laser and a plurality of secondary lasers wherein each secondary laser is optically injection locked to said primary laser, the emitter further comprising at least one polarisation controller configured to control the polarisation of the output of at least one of the secondary lasers, the emitter further comprising a combination unit that is configured to combine the outputs of the secondary laser modules into an output signal.

Abstract: A quantum entity authentication apparatus and method. The quantum entity authentication apparatus includes a quantum state preparation unit for preparing an authentication quantum state that is generated based on an authentication key previously shared with an entity, a quantum channel verification unit for transmitting a quantum state, generated by performing an operation using a prestored unique operator on the authentication quantum state, to a quantum measurement device, and for verifying security of a quantum channel by using a result of Bell measurement and the authentication quantum state, the result of Bell measurement being revealed by the quantum measurement device for the quantum state, and a quantum entity authentication unit for, when the security of the quantum channel is verified, authenticating the entity using the result of the Bell measurement and the unique operator.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, methods, and computer program products are disclosed for post-quantum cryptography (PQC). An example method includes receiving data, a set of data attributes about the data, and a risk profile data structure indicative of a vulnerability of the data in a PQC data environment. The example method further includes retrieving PQC cryptographic performance information associated with a set of PQC cryptographic techniques. The PQC cryptographic performance information may comprise a set of PQC cryptographic performance attributes for a plurality of PQC cryptographic techniques in the set of PQC cryptographic techniques. The example method further includes selecting a PQC encryption algorithm for encrypting the data based on the set of data attributes, the risk profile data structure, the PQC cryptographic performance information, and a PQC optimization machine learning model. Subsequently, the example method includes encrypting the data based on the selected PQC encryption algorithm.

Abstract: Systems and methods performed for generating authentication information for an image using optical computing are provided. When a user takes a photo of an object, an optical authentication system receives light reflected and/or emitted from the object. The system also receives a random key from an authentication server. The system converts the received light to plenoptic data and uploads it to the authentication server. In addition, the system generates an optical hash of the received light using the random key, converts the generated optical hash to a digital optical hash, and uploads the digital optical hash to the authentication server. When the authentication server receives the upload, it verifies whether the time of the upload is within a certain threshold time from the sending of the random key and whether the digital optical hash was generated from the same light as the plenoptic data.

Abstract: A system and method for securely distributing quantum keys in a network are disclosed. The method includes receiving request for generating pair of quantum keys between source quantum node and target quantum node. Further, the method includes generating first pair of quantum keys based on the request. The method includes transmitting the first pair of quantum keys to the intermediate quantum node using a first quantum link. The method further includes generating intermediate pair of quantum key based on events detected at the intermediate quantum node. The method further includes interleaving the intermediate pair of quantum key with the first pair of quantum keys. Also, the method includes generating a second pair of quantum keys comprising interleaved intermediate pair of quantum key and first pair of quantum keys. Further, the method includes encoding and transmitting the second pair of quantum keys to target quantum node using second quantum link.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for quantum direct communication using single qubits. The apparatus includes a quantum state preparation unit for preparing quantum states including a message state prepared using pairs of single qubits based on a bit of a message to be sent to a communication partner, an authentication state prepared using random qubit pairs, and a verification state prepared using random qubit pairs, a quantum state communication unit for transmitting the quantum states to the communication partner and measuring a quantum state of a message received from the communication partner, an authentication unit for authenticating, using the authentication state, the communication partner depending on whether an authentication key previously shared with the communication partner is possessed, a verification unit for verifying security of a quantum channel using the verification state, and a message restoration unit for restoring the received message using the message state.

Abstract: A method for transmitting time information and quantum states on an optical medium is disclosed. The method includes transmitting information comprising a timing information and quantum states over a single wavelength on an optical medium. The method also includes receiving each transmitted information sequentially in the corresponding plurality of time slots at a receiver. The method also includes comparing each timing information received in the corresponding plurality of timeslots with timing information of a preceding hold over time slot of the plurality of time slots. The method also includes determining a time drift encountered at the receiver based on a compared result. The method also includes synchronising phase and frequency of the plurality of transmitted packets of the information based on minimization of determined time drift.

Abstract: A communication system is provided that includes a first quantum key distribution device and a communication device. The first quantum key distribution device is configured to be coupled to a second quantum key distribution device over a quantum channel and to generate a quantum key based on a quantum state transmitted along the quantum channel. The communication device is communicatively connected to the first quantum key distribution device within a network. The communication device is configured to receive the quantum key from the first quantum key distribution device and transmit the quantum key to an end device in the network via a classical link to enable the end device to use the quantum key for encrypting and/or decrypting messages communicated through the network.

Abstract: A method, non-transitory computer readable medium and device that minimize error conditions with substantially simultaneously and independently generated secret keys includes synchronizing with a mobile device configured to execute a corresponding key generation process. Data obtained based on at least one shared characteristic with the synchronized mobile device is converted into a plurality of binary numbers. At least one bit for each of the plurality of binary numbers which are at least measurably random is identified. An error condition with any of the determined bits for the plurality of binary numbers is identified. At least a portion of the determined bits for the plurality of binary numbers without the detected error condition are selected. A key is generated based on the selected determined bits for the plurality of binary numbers for use in securing communications with the synchronized mobile device.

Abstract: A path computation engine, PCE, (100) for an optical communications network comprising a plurality of nodes and a plurality of links.

Abstract: A node for a quantum communication network, said node comprising: a quantum transmitter, said quantum transmitter being adapted to encode information on weak light pulses; a quantum receiver, said quantum receiver being adapted to decode information from weak light pulses; at least three ports adapted to communicate with at least one other node; and an optical switch, said optical switch being configured to selectively connect the quantum transmitter and receiver to the ports such that the switch controls which of the ports is in communication with the quantum transmitter and quantum receiver.

Abstract: With respect to a key distribution system including N terminal devices Ui and a key distribution server used for exchanging a session key, the key distribution system includes an isogeny calculating unit configured to calculate a first public value using a basis of a first torsion subgroup of a predetermined elliptic curve at an odd-numbered terminal device Ui and calculate a second public value using a basis of a second torsion subgroup of the predetermined elliptic curve at an even-numbered terminal device Ui, when N is an even number, a distributing unit configured to distribute the first public value calculated at the odd-numbered terminal device Ui to a terminal device Ui?1 and a terminal device Ui+1, and distribute the second public value calculated at the even-numbered terminal device Ui to a terminal device Ui?1 and a terminal device Ui+1, from the key distribution server, a key generating unit configured to use second public values distributed by the distributing unit to generate the session key at t

Abstract: Continuous variable quantum secret sharing (CV-QSS) technologies are described that use laser sources and homodyne detectors. Here, a Gaussian-modulated coherent state (GMCS) prepared by one device passes through secure stations of other devices sequentially on its way to a trusted device, and each of the other devices coherently adds a locally prepared, independent GMCS to the group of propagating GMCSs. Finally, the trusted device measures both the amplitude and the phase quadratures of the received group of coherent GMCSs using double homodyne detectors. The trusted device suitably uses the measurement results to establish a secure key for encoding secret messages to be broadcast to the other devices. The devices cooperatively estimate, based on signals corresponding to their respective Gaussian modulations, the trusted device's secure key, so that the cooperative devices can decode the broadcast secret messages with the secure key.

Abstract: Provided is novel technology for secure security data transmission and more particularly for registering network-enabled security devices such as IP cameras to a security server over a public network such as to a cloud-based security service. An enrollment server is provided that is logged into using a computing device to request and receive an activation code for the security device. The activation code is then provided to the security device, e.g. directly by the computing device. The Security device authenticates itself based on the activation code and in one example provides a public key that will be used to verify its registration. Data transmissions by the device are secured in part on the basis of its registration.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing and transmission of encrypted data are provided. The method includes: encrypting a first data set; encapsulating the encrypted first data set in a protective layer; and transmitting the encapsulated encrypted first data set to a destination over one or more communication channels. The encrypting is performed by using a homomorphic encryption (HE) technique. The encapsulating is performed by using a quantum key distribution (QKD) encapsulation technique to generate a QKD-protected layer. The communication channels may include a classical/non-quantum channel over which the QKD-encapsulated encrypted first set of data is transmitted and a quantum channel over which a quantum key distribution is conducted, or a single communication channel to conduct both.

Abstract: A share generating device obtains N seeds s0, . . . , sN?1, obtains a function value y=g(x, e)?Fm of plaintext x?Fm and a function value e, and obtains information containing a member yi and N?1 seeds sd, where d?{0, . . . , N?1} and d?i, as a share SSi of the plaintext x in secret sharing and outputs the share SSi. It is to be noted that the function value y is expressed by members y0?Fm(0), . . . , yN?1?Fm(N?1), which satisfy m=m(0)+ . . . +m(N?1).

Abstract: A quantum cryptographic key output apparatus includes a semiconductor laser device that repeatedly generates pulsed laser light, an encoder that encodes the pulsed laser light based on a quantum cryptographic key, an optical branching unit that branches the pulsed laser light, and an attenuator that attenuates a light intensity of first pulsed laser light so that the number of photons of the first pulsed laser light has any one of a plurality of candidate values that are values equal to or smaller than 1. Further, the output apparatus includes a light intensity determination unit that determines whether or not a light intensity of a second pulsed laser light is in a predetermined range, and an information output unit that outputs specifying information for specifying the first pulsed laser light corresponding to second pulsed laser light of which the light intensity is not in the predetermined range to an input apparatus.

Abstract: Quantum network nodes use light from a laser to stimulate emission of single photons. A detection station detects arrival of the photons from the quantum network nodes at a photon arrival detector. In time slots between single photon emissions, the quantum network node supply light from the laser to the detection station. The detection station measures a phase differences between light from a reference laser and the light received from different quantum network nodes in said time slots. The detection station has optical phase and/or frequency modulators between the optical inputs for light from the quantum network nodes and the photon arrival detector.

Abstract: A transmitter provides an optical signal for transmitting a quantum key over a network. The transmitter comprises a first generator configured to generate a quantum signal, the quantum signal comprising a sequence of frames. The transmitter comprises a second generator configured to generate a pilot signal. The pilot signal comprises a sequence of signatures that is in synchrony with the sequence of frames. The transmitter comprises an optical modulator configured to generate the optical signal by modulating an optical carrier based on the quantum signal and the pilot signal. A corresponding receiver is proposed for receiving the optical signal and for extracting the quantum key.

Abstract: Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) can provide security against quantum computers that could feasibly determine private keys from public keys. A server communicating with a device can store and use PKI keys comprising server private key ss, device public key Sd, and device ephemeral public key Ed. The device can store and use the corresponding PKI keys, such as server public key Ss. The key use can support all of (i) mutual authentication, (ii) forward secrecy, and (iii) shared secret key exchange. The server and the device can conduct an ECDHE key exchange with the PKI keys to mutually derive a symmetric ciphering key K1. The device can encrypt a device public key PK.Device with K1 and send to the server as a first ciphertext. The server can encrypt a server public key PK.Network with at least K1 and send to the device as a second ciphertext.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products are provided for disparate quantum computing (QC) detection. An example system includes QC detection data generation circuitry that generates a first set of QC detection data and generates a second set of QC detection data. The system also includes cryptographic circuitry that generates a first public cryptographic key and a first private cryptographic key via a first post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) technique and generates a second public cryptographic key and a second private cryptographic key via a second PQC technique. The cryptographic circuitry further generates encrypted first QC detection, second QC detection data, and destroys the first private cryptographic key and the second private cryptographic key. The system further includes data monitoring circuitry that monitors for the first encrypted QC detection data and the second encrypted QC detection data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for authentication and key agreement are provided and can utilize a scheme that uses dynamic key generation to achieve replay-attack resistance in zero round trip time (0-RTT). The hash-chain concept can be integrated with the Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange scheme. With this scheme, a device can securely determine the new shared key immediately (i.e., in 0-RTT) and start using it.

Abstract: This application discloses a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) device and method. The device includes a light source, a modulation unit, a first random number generator, and a processor, where the processor is configured to obtain a first data sequence based on a preset quantity of modulation format symbols, a distribution probability of each symbol, and a first random number sequence generated by the first random number generator, and obtain a second data sequence based on the first data sequence; and the modulation unit is configured to modulate, based on to the first data sequence, a signal emitted by the light source to output a second optical signal, where the second optical signal does not need to include quantum states with a quantity in an order of magnitude of 28×28 required in an existing Gaussian protocol.

Abstract: A method of distance synchronization of a series of remote optical receiver points with an optical transmission point, the method including the steps of: (a) sending an optical timing pulse from the optical transmission point to each of the series of remote optical receiver points and back; (b) determining a round trip time of the timing pulse; and (c) storing an indicative measure of the roundtrip time of the timing pulse and utilising the indicative measure to adjust the timing of signals at the remote optical receiver points to determine the relative reception time of signals received by the series of remote optical receiver points.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, methods, and computer program products are disclosed for post-quantum cryptography (PQC). An example method includes receiving data, a set of data attributes about the data, and a risk profile data structure indicative of a vulnerability of the data in a PQC data environment. The example method further includes retrieving PQC cryptographic performance information associated with a set of PQC cryptographic techniques. The PQC cryptographic performance information may comprise a set of PQC cryptographic performance attributes for each PQC cryptographic technique in the set of PQC cryptographic techniques. The example method further includes selecting a PQC encryption algorithm for encrypting the data based on the set of data attributes, the risk profile data structure, the PQC cryptographic performance information, and a PQC optimization machine learning model. Subsequently, the example method includes encrypting the data based on the selected PQC encryption algorithm.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a d-dimensional chain teleportation method for random transmission based on measurement results of relay nodes. The method includes: two communicating parties are an information sender Alice and an information receiver Bob, a particle t carries an unknown quantum state and is held by the information sender Alice, Alice holds the particle t and a particle A1, a first intermediate node Charlie 1 holds a particle B1 and a particle A2, a second intermediate node Charlie 2 holds a particle B2 and a particle A3, . . . , and a kth (k=2, 3, . . . , P) intermediate node Charlie k holds a particle Bk and a particle Ak+1. The beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows: any relay node can randomly transmit its generalized Bell measurement result to the information sender Alice or the information receiver Bob, thereby greatly reducing connection restrictions of a classical channel.

Abstract: [Problem] A method, a device, a system and a program that can adjust the drive timing of a photon detector with high speed and high reliability is provided.

Abstract: One embodiment disclosed relates to a system for digital data distribution with decentralized key management. The system utilizes a data provider, a data demander, cloud storage, a blockchain, and a smart contract registered with the blockchain. The data provider encrypts the digital data using a session key and puts the encrypted digital data to the cloud storage, which returns a URL for the stored digital data. In addition, the session key is itself encrypted using the public key of the data demander. The access data at the smart contract is updated with the encrypted session key and the URL. The data demander uses its own private key to decrypt the session key and then uses the session key to decrypt the digital data. Other embodiments and features are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for quantum-key-distribution-based encrypted data transmission in an optical/radio-access network, having a plurality of end nodes, includes, at a first node of the network: (a) via an optical quantum channel, exchanging photonic qubits with a second node, wherein the photonic qubits are processable to derive therefrom an initial key such that each of the first and second nodes have a copy of the initial key, (b) via a classical channel, exchanging a series of encrypted keys with the second node, wherein a first encrypted key is encrypted by the initial key, and each subsequent encrypted key is encrypted by a preceding encrypted key, and (c) via the classical channel, exchanging encrypted data with the second node, wherein the encrypted data is encrypted by a last encrypted key in the series of encrypted keys. One, but not both, of the first and second nodes is an end node.

Abstract: A system comprising a processor and a computer readable memory coupled to the processor, the computer-readable memory comprising computer program code executable by the processor to generate create a self-signed certificate, create a second certificate using the set of certificate generation parameters, the second certificate linked to the self-signed certificate, store the self-signed certificate in a certificate store of a first web browser; and store the second certificate in a local server certificate store to allow a local service to use the second certificate in a handshake to establish a secure socket connection with the first web browser in compliance with a mixed content security policy of the first web browser.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, methods, and computer program products are disclosed for session authentication. An example method includes determining, by decoding circuitry, a set of quantum bases to use for measurement. The example method further includes receiving, by the decoding circuitry, a series of photons. The example method further includes decoding, by the decoding circuitry and based on the determined set of quantum bases, the series of photons to generate a decoded set of bits. The example method further includes generating, by session authentication circuitry, a session key based on the decoded set of bits.

Abstract: A quantum communications system may include communications system that operates with a quantum key distribution (QKD) system, which includes a transmitter node, a receiver node, and a quantum communications channel coupling the transmitter node and receiver node. The transmitter node may cooperate with the quantum communications channel defining at least one Talbot effect image position along the quantum communications channel. The receiver node may be located along the quantum communications channel at the at least one Talbot effect image position.

Abstract: A communication system includes a first quantum key distribution device and an intermediary device. The first quantum key distribution device is configured to be coupled to a second quantum key distribution device over a quantum channel and to generate a shared key with the second quantum key distribution device based on a quantum state transmitted along the quantum channel. The intermediary device is disposed along a communication pathway within a network between a sender device and a receiver device. The intermediary device is communicatively connected to the first quantum key distribution device and configured to utilize the shared key to authenticate one or more data packets communicated from the sender device along the communication pathway by examining the one or more data packets for a presence of an information pattern that is associated with the shared key.

Abstract: A communication system is provided that include one or more processors that are configured to instruct computing devices that communicate messages with each other via a time-sensitive network to securely exchange the messages using secret information, ad direct the computing devices to exchange the secret information via a dedicated quantum channel in the time-sensitive network. The one or more processors are also configured to determine a quantum channel synchronization time associated with the secret information exchanged via the dedicated quantum channel, and modify a local classical oscillator based on the quantum channel synchronization time, the local classical oscillator configured to provide a current time.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus (160) comprising two inputs configured to receive two optical signals from two fibres (155, 157) from two respective optical transmitters, a beam splitter configured to convert the optical signals into dual rail form, the apparatus being configured to cause the optical signals to interfere with each other, a plurality of single photon detectors configured to measure the dual rail form optical signals, and at least one processing core configured to obtain compensation adjustment information concerning the two fibres and to inform the optical transmitters of the compensation adjustment information.

Abstract: Quantum mechanics provides several features useful for datacenter networking. The no cloning theorem, which states that it is impossible to mate a duplicate of an arbitrary, unknown quantum state, can be used to detect eavesdroppers. Entanglement allows two parties to have common knowledge of a shared state. These properties are being used today for quantum key exchange and quantum computing, but they are currently too expensive for general use. Fortunately, we can use classical mechanisms to get a close enough approximation of these quantum properties to solve some important problems in distributed computing. Nothing we describe here is quantum mechanical. Rather, we show that it is possible to use classical mechanisms to emulate some properties of quantum mechanics, which enable us to address interesting problems in distributed computing. The engineering insight, is that we can get closer to achieving these properties than might be expected through conventional thinking.