Abstract: A system and method for video compression divides colors of all pixel points of a target video frame into R, G, and B values, and all pixels are placed in a three-dimensional coordinate system to establish a correspondence between each pixel point and the coordinate position. Fuzzy recombination and division are performed on all pixel blocks and pixel points with similar RGB values are divided into pixel blocks to obtain a first target pixel block. Pixel blocks with same RGB values but with coordinates which are not close to the first target pixel block are extracted and divided to obtain a second target pixel block. An area enveloping the second target pixel block is extracted, and vector changes of all dynamic pixel points on the enveloping line are traversed and analyzed to determine a minimum compression change block for compression process.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system and method for transmission of multiple data streams from a mobile device to a network. In an embodiment, the system includes a multipath wireless router configured to provide a plurality of network connections including cellular, satellite, or wired Ethernet. An encoding module provided on the mobile device is configured to encode high volume data (e.g. high definition video) recorded by the mobile device into multiple data streams in dependence on the number of network connections available for transmission via the multipath wireless router. The encoding module provided on the mobile device transmits the multiple data streams to the wireless router using Wi-Fi to provide a local, short-hop, high capacity network connection. The plurality of network connections available via the multipath wireless router provides the necessary capacity and reliability to transmit a high volume of data, such as high definition video, virtually live.

Abstract: Quantization matrix can be used to adjust quantization of transform coefficients at different frequencies. In one embodiment, a single fixed parametric model, such as a polynomial is used to represent a quantization matrix. Modulation of bit cost and complexity is achieved by specifying only the n first polynomial coefficients, the remaining ones being implicitly set to zero or other default values. One form of the single fixed polynomial is a fully developed polynomial in (x,y), where x,y indicate the coordinates of a given coefficient in a quantization matrix, with terms ordered by increasing exponent. Since higher exponents are the last ones, reducing the number of polynomial coefficients reduces the degree of the polynomial, hence its complexity. The polynomial coefficients can be symmetrical in x and y, and thus reducing the number of polynomial coefficients that need to be signaled in the bitstream.

Abstract: Devices, systems, methods and computer-readable media are provided for data communication to and from a vehicle. A device is provided that includes memory storing processor-executable instructions; and at least one processor in communication with the memory that executes the stored instructions to: receive, from at least one user on the vehicle, at least one request for data communication; identify a plurality of communication links available at a current location of the moving vehicle; form an adaptive bonded communication link using the plurality of communication links to aggregate throughput across the plurality of communication links for the requested data communication, wherein the adaptive bonded communication link is configured to adapt to data communication requirements for the requested data communication and to data communication characteristics of the plurality of communication links as the vehicle moves.

Abstract: A method for encoding or decoding an image of a video sequence is provided. The method comprises obtaining a set of sample values associated with the image. The method comprises determining a relative location of the current sample value with respect to a virtual boundary. The virtual boundary is defined with respect to a block boundary between the first block of sample values and a second block of sample values. The virtual boundary is parallel with the block boundary and separated from the block boundary by at least one row or column of sample values included in the first block of sample values. The method comprises a filter strength value based on the determined relative location of the current sample value with respect to the virtual boundary. The method comprises filtering the current sample value based on the selected filter strength value.

Abstract: An example device for processing point cloud data includes a memory configured to store the point cloud data and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and coupled to the memory. The one or more processors are configured to count a number of edges of a cube of point cloud data comprising a vertex. The one or more processors are configured to set a variable based on a total of the counting. The one or more processors are also configured to process the point cloud data based on the variable.

Abstract: A method, system, and non-transitory computer readable medium for encoding a privacy masked image into an encoded image frame of a video stream is disclosed. The encoding comprises receiving pixel divided image data of an image; receiving data defining an area and graphical characteristic of a privacy mask that masks part of the image; extending the privacy mask to be aligned with one or more encoding units having one or more pixels located within the privacy mask to form a redefined privacy mask; generating a privacy masked image by applying the redefined privacy mask and the graphical characteristic of the privacy mask to the image; and encoding the privacy masked image into the encoded image frame of the video stream, wherein the encoding comprises preventing spatial prediction encoding and/or temporal prediction encoding of pixels within the redefined privacy mask of the image in response to certain conditions.

Abstract: A video coding mechanism for viewpoint dependent video coding is disclosed. The mechanism includes mapping a spherical video sequence into a plurality of sub-picture video sequences. The mechanism further includes encoding the plurality of sub-picture video sequences as sub-picture bitstreams to support merging of the plurality of sub-picture bitstreams, the encoding ensuring that each sub-picture bitstream is self-referenced and two or more of the sub-picture bitstreams can be merged to generate a single video bitstream using a lightweight bitstream rewriting process that does not involve changing of any block-level coding results. A mergable indication is encoded to indicate that the sub-picture bitstream containing the indication is compatible with a multi-bitstream merge function for reconstruction of the spherical video sequence. A set of the sub-picture bitstreams and the mergable indication are transmitted toward the decoder to support decoding and displaying a virtual reality video viewport.

Abstract: There is included a method and apparatus comprising computer code configured to cause a processor or processors to perform obtaining an input stream of video data, computing a key based on a floating number in the input stream, predicting a current dependent quantization (DQ) state based on a state predictor and a number of previous keys and a number of previous DQ states, reconstructing the floating number based on the key and the current DQ state, and coding the video based on the reconstructed floating number.

Abstract: Embodiments are described for dynamically adapting video encoding to maintain a nearly stable frame rate based on processor capabilities and bandwidth, for example, by varying a quantization parameter. The quality of the encoded video can be varied to maintain the nearly constant frame rate, which may be measured from the number of encoded video frames being transmitted over a network interface.

Abstract: A video coding mechanism for viewpoint dependent video coding is disclosed. The mechanism includes mapping a spherical video sequence into a plurality of sub-picture video sequences. The mechanism further includes encoding the plurality of sub-picture video sequences as sub-picture bitstreams to support merging of the plurality of sub-picture bitstreams, the encoding ensuring that each sub-picture bitstream is self-referenced and two or more of the sub-picture bitstreams can be merged to generate a single video bitstream using a lightweight bitstream rewriting process that does not involve changing of any block-level coding results. A mergable indication is encoded to indicate that the sub-picture bitstream containing the indication is compatible with a multi-bitstream merge function for reconstruction of the spherical video sequence. A set of the sub-picture bitstreams and the mergable indication are transmitted toward the decoder to support decoding and displaying a virtual reality video viewport.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure include a video encoding device that includes a processing circuit configured to receive a first block corresponding to a first color space component and a second block corresponding to a second color space component. The processing circuit is configured to determine transform settings for processing a first transformed block and a second transformed block corresponding to the first and second blocks, respectively. The processing circuit is configured to generate a first syntax element set to be signaled in association with the first color space component, and to generate a second syntax element set to be signaled in association with the second color space component, where the first syntax element set indicates a first transform setting for processing the first transformed block, and the second syntax element set indicates a second transform setting for processing the second transformed block.

Abstract: A video coding mechanism for viewpoint dependent video coding is disclosed. The mechanism includes mapping a spherical video sequence into a plurality of sub-picture video sequences. The mechanism further includes encoding the plurality of sub-picture video sequences as sub-picture bitstreams to support merging of the plurality of sub-picture bitstreams, the encoding ensuring that each sub-picture bitstream is self-referenced and two or more of the sub-picture bitstreams can be merged to generate a single video bitstream using a lightweight bitstream rewriting process that does not involve changing of any block-level coding results. A mergable indication is encoded to indicate that the sub-picture bitstream containing the indication is compatible with a multi-bitstream merge function for reconstruction of the spherical video sequence. A set of the sub-picture bitstreams and the mergable indication are transmitted toward the decoder to support decoding and displaying a virtual reality video viewport.

Abstract: A method of adaptive point cloud attribute coding includes obtaining an attribute of a current point included in point cloud data, and obtaining candidate predicted values of the obtained attribute, the candidate predicted values including any one or any combination of a weighted average value of a plurality of distances from the current point respectively to other points included in the point cloud data, a first predicted value of a first distance from the current point to a first nearest point among the other points and a second predicted value of a second distance from the current point to a second nearest point after the first nearest point among the other points. The method further includes selecting, for the obtained attribute, one among the obtained candidate predicted values, using rate-distortion optimization, and setting, for a decoder, a flag indicating whether the obtained candidate predicted values includes the weighted average value.

Abstract: A video coder implementing affine prediction is provided. The video coder receives input data associated with a current block to be coded. The video coder derives a control point motion vector (CPMV) of the current block according to an affine model. The video coder derives a set of motion compensation motion vectors (MCMVs) for a set of sub-blocks of the current block based on the derived CPMV of the current block according to the affine model. The video coder performs motion compensation for the current block based on the set of MCMVs. The CPMV of the current block is derived based on a CPMV of a first reference block that is a neighboring block located in a same region of the current block or an MCMV of a second reference block that is not a neighboring block located in the same region of the current block.

Abstract: An image decoding method of decoding, on a block-by-block basis, image data included in a coded stream includes: deriving candidates for an intra prediction mode to be used for intra prediction for a decoding target block, the number of the candidates constantly being a plural number; obtaining, from the coded stream, an index for identifying one of the derived candidates for the intra prediction mode; and determining, based on the obtained index, one of the derived candidates for the intra prediction mode as the intra prediction mode to be used for intra prediction for the decoding target block.

Abstract: An image processing method that includes obtaining an original image including a cultured cell image with a background image, dividing the original image into blocks, each composed of a predetermined number of pixels, and obtaining a spatial frequency component of an image in each block for each block, and classifying each block as the one belonging to a cell cluster corresponding to the cell or the one belonging to other than the cell cluster in a two-dimensional feature amount space composed of a first feature amount which is a total of intensities of low frequency components having a frequency equal to or lower than a predetermined frequency and a second feature amount which is a total of intensities of high frequency components having a higher frequency than the low frequency component, and segmenting the original image into an area occupied by the blocks classified as the cell cluster and another area.

Abstract: A system for processing a masking region includes a transmitter configured to detect an object region, on which masking is to be performed, from an input image through a camera, convert the detected object region into a block region to perform masking, and encode and transmit an input image on which the masking is completed and a receiver configured to decode an image transmitted from the transmitted to extract a frame therefrom, detect a masked block region by units of extracted frames, and unmask the detected block region to restore the masked image to an original image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for encoding and decoding an image by skip encoding. The image-encoding method by skip encoding, which performs intra-prediction, comprises: performing a filtering operation on the signal which is reconstructed prior to an encoding object signal in an encoding object image; using the filtered reconstructed signal to generate a prediction signal for the encoding object signal; setting the generated prediction signal as a reconstruction signal for the encoding object signal; and not encoding the residual signal which can be generated on the basis of the difference between the encoding object signal and the prediction signal, thereby performing skip encoding on the encoding object signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to analyze video data comprising: using a camera with a computing device with a memory storage and a power source to capture and to store the video data; simultaneously compressing and analyzing said video data using Low Level Analysis of contours of static and moving objects within the video data; said compression can be wavelet-based decomposition; and said analysis of the video data compares real-time semantic human activity within the video data, whereby the method identifies the specific human activity within the video data; the camera can be wirelessly connected to a base station and communicates through 2-way full duplex connection.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus has a first/second optical system transmitting light through a first/second optical path, the second optical system having parallax with the first optical path; a switcher switching between the first and second optical paths in time series; an image sensor forming a first image and a second image by capturing subject images according to the light transmitted through the first optical path and the second optical path respectively; and a processor processing a signal output from the image sensor, wherein the processor calculates a motion vector in each divided region of a first base image from the first base image and a first reference image captured, interpolates an interpolation motion vector for each pixel of the first base image from the motion vector, and corrects the first base image or the first reference image to form a prediction image of the first image.

Abstract: A video coding mechanism for viewpoint dependent video coding is disclosed. The mechanism includes mapping a spherical video signal, stitched from multiple directional video signals, into a plurality of sub-picture video signals each containing a sequence of sub-pictures. The plurality of sub-picture video signals are encoded as a plurality of sub-picture bitstreams. The plurality of sub-picture bitstreams are composed into a plurality of sub-picture tracks to be compatible with a multi-bitstream merge function for reconstruction of the spherical video signal. A track level mergable indication is encoded within a track level box for the sub-picture tracks, which indicates the sub-picture tracks are compatible with the multi-bitstream merge function for reconstruction of the spherical video signal.

Abstract: A method for encoding or decoding an image of a video sequence is provided. The method comprises obtaining a set of sample values associated with the image. The method comprises determining a relative location of the current sample value with respect to a virtual boundary. The virtual boundary is defined with respect to a block boundary between the first block of sample values and a second block of sample values. The virtual boundary is parallel with the block boundary and separated from the block boundary by at least one row or column of sample values included in the first block of sample values. The method comprises a filter strength value based on the determined relative location of the current sample value with respect to the virtual boundary. The method comprises filtering the current sample value based on the selected filter strength value.

Abstract: A method includes encoding, by an encoding engine, consecutive sections of a received data stream that includes a stream of values. The encoding includes identifying a minimum value in a section of the stream. The encoding includes determining, for each value in the section of the stream, respective differences with the minimum value. An encoded version of the section includes the minimum value and a mask value. The mask value is combined with respective portions of the respective differences to generate the respective differences of each value in the section. The encoded version of the section further includes the respective portions of the respective differences.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for generating document labels using positional embeddings. In an embodiment, a label system may identify tokens, such as words, of a document image. The label system may apply a position vector neural network to the document image to analyze the pixels and determine positional embedding vectors corresponding to the words. The label system may then combine the positional embedding vectors to corresponding word vectors for use as an input to a neural network trained to generate document labels. This combination may embed the positional information with the corresponding word information in a serialized manner for processing by the document label neural network. Using this formatting, the label system may generate document labels in a light-weight and fast manner while still preserving spatial relationships between words.

Abstract: Block-based, low latency rate control for an encoding system in which a wavelet transform decomposes pixel blocks into subbands stored as subbands in wavelet blocks (WBs) for encoding. Quantization parameters (QPs) for the subbands in each WB are estimated using a method that minimizes wavelet-inverse distortion given a rate bound. For each subband, a rate curve is generated based on an unquantized DCT histogram and bit count statistics for the subband, and a distortion curve is generated based on the unquantized DCT histogram and a distortion estimate for the subband that is estimated using a masked estimator. Once the rate-distortion curves for the subbands are generated, a bisection search may be used to find a point on each curve where the slope is the same for all the curves. The QPs associated with those equally sloped points are the global minimizing QPs for the wavelet block.

Abstract: An information processing method includes: acquiring an image to be processed; determining object content of the image to be processed based on a recognition result of the image to be processed; and processing the image to be processed according to the object content to obtain a processed file including an editable file such as an Office file. As such, it is realized that the user determines the processing to be performed on the image to be processed according to the recognition result of the image to be processed, and obtain the processed format file, without specifying in advance the processing of the image to be processed, which brings convenience to the user in recognizing the image to be processed and improves the user experience.

Abstract: A first value of a first data element (311) in a first set of data elements (310) is obtained, the first set of data elements being based on a first time sample of a signal. A second value of a second data element (321) in a second set of data elements (320) is obtained, the second set of data elements being based on a second, later time sample of the signal. A measure of similarity is derived between the first value and the second value. Based on the derived measure, a quantisation parameter useable in performing quantisation on data based on the first time sample of the signal is determined. Output data is generated using the quantisation parameter.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a storage unit, a selection unit, and an encoding unit. The storage unit stores pre-synchronized image data. The selection unit selects as a reference image at least one of the pre-synchronized image data based on a result of comparison between the pre-synchronized image data and an original image data. The encoding unit generates a compressed image data by compressing the original image data using the reference image. The selection unit calculates similarity between the original image data and at least one of the pre-synchronized image data and selects the reference image among the synchronized image data based on the calculated similarity.

Abstract: A method including streaming input image data representing an input frame of a video into temporary storage. Transformation data representing at least one transformation for application to the input image data is obtained. Ordering data indicating a variable order in which portions of output image data are to be generated is obtained, the ordering data being based on at least one characteristic of the input frame. The transformation data is used to identify portions of input image data to be processed to generate corresponding portions of output image data. The identified portions of input image data are processed to generate the corresponding portions of output image data in the order indicated by the ordering data.

Abstract: An approach for encoding/decoding video data including obtaining video data; parsing the obtained video data to obtain partitioning parameters; obtaining a partitioned coding block based on the partitioning parameters; and decoding the obtained video data based on the partitioned coding block. The partitioned coding block may be partitioned into a rectangular partition and at least one non-rectangular partition.

Abstract: A method can include compressing a first original frame of a video stream to an intraframe, the intraframe comprising fewer symbols than the first original frame, compressing a second original frame to a first interframe, the first interframe referencing the intraframe and comprising fewer symbols than the second original frame, determining an intraframe error of the intraframe due to the compression of the first original frame, determining a first interframe error of the first interframe due to the compression of the second original frame, determining a compression level for a third original frame based on the intraframe error and the first interframe error, and compressing the third original frame to a second interframe, the second interframe referencing the intraframe and the first interframe and comprising fewer symbols than the third original frame, a number of symbols included in the second interframe being based on the determined compression level.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing content in a cloud-based service platform. A method embodiment operates over storage content objects stored in storage devices in a cloud-based shared content management system. The method commences upon identifying a source object and identifying derivative objects that are generated based properties of the source object. After a time, candidate eviction objects are identified. One form of analysis is performed over source objects and another form of analysis is performed over derivative objects. Derivative objects are classified using the analysis, which classification is used to determine object management commands associated with the derivative object such as to remove the derivative object from one storage location (e.g., in a high-performance storage filer) and relocate it to another (e.g., lower cost) storage location. Based on the analysis, a derivative object might be deleted completely and then regenerated at a later time if/when needed.

Abstract: At least one target hash value is generated for a target version of a Web product from contents of a Web page displayed by the target version of the Web product. The target hash value is compared to at least one corresponding baseline hash value generated from a Web page displayed by a baseline version of the Web product. A difference between the target hash value and the baseline hash value indicates a difference between a user interface of the target version of the Web product and a user interface of the baseline version of the Web product. The user interface of the target version of the Web product is generated in response to the comparison between the target hash value and the baseline hash value.

Abstract: An information handling system improves detection of steganography data embedded in a portable network graphics file by parsing the portable network graphics file to determine a location of a portable network graphics signature in the portable network graphics file, and determining whether there is data embedded in the portable network graphics file before the portable network graphics signature. The embedded data may then be removed from the portable network graphics file.

Abstract: An encoder is configured to encode a representation of a current picture of a video stream of multiple pictures. The encoder is further configured to encode, for each of a plurality of reference pictures included in a buffer description for the current picture, a respective one-bit flag according to one of two available values for the one-bit flag. The two available values for the one-bit flag include a first value explicitly indicating to a decoder to include the reference picture in a reference picture list for decoding the current picture. The two available values for the one-bit flag further include a second value explicitly indicating to the decoder not to include the reference picture in the reference picture list for decoding the current picture. The encoder is further configured to output the representation of the current picture and the one-bit flags.

Abstract: A method involves receiving, at a host device, information indicative of available bandwidth on a variable bandwidth connection between the host device and a display control device, which may be based on monitoring a signal level on the connection, a link radio modulation mode, traffic on the connection, or the data rate of any return signals from the display control device. The method includes setting one or more parameters used to generate the display data that change compressibility of the display data based on the information, where compressibility of the display data affects efficiency of compression of the display data, and where the setting of the parameters may be based on a compression algorithm used when compressing the display data. The method includes generating the display data using the one or more parameters, compressing the display data, and transmitting the display data to the display control device.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: generating a first flag indicating whether or not a motion vector predictor is to be selected from among one or more motion vector predictor candidates; generating a second flag indicating whether or not a motion vector predictor is to be selected from among the one or more motion vector predictor candidates in coding a current block to be coded in a predetermined coding mode, when the first flag indicates that a motion vector predictor is to be selected; and generating a coded signal in which the first flag and the second flag are included in header information, when the first flag indicates that a motion vector predictor is to be selected.

Abstract: Method and system to improve the performance of a video encoder. The method includes processing an initial video signal in a front-end image pre-processor to obtain a processed video signal and processor information respecting the signal, providing the processed video signal and the processor information to a video encoder, and encoding the video signal in the video encoder according to the processor information to provide an encoded video signal for storage. The system includes a video pre-processor connectable to receive an initial video signal. The video encoder in communication with the video pre-processor receives a processed video signal and a processor information. A storage medium in communication with the video encoder stores an encoded video signal.

Abstract: An encoder determines a compression ratio for compressive sensing and a quantization level used to quantize a media signal based on a target indicator. The encoder accesses compressive sensing measurements performed using the compression ratio and quantizes the compressive sensing measurements based on the quantization level. A decoder receives a compressed signal generated from the signal acquired by the signal acquisition device using the compression ratio and the quantization level. The decoder also receives information indicating the compression ratio or the quantization level. The decoder decompresses the compressed signal based on the compression ratio and the quantization level.

Abstract: To allow pragmatic insertion of secondary images by an apparatus connected to the final display we invented an image processing apparatus (301, 501) with an output image connection (506) for connection to a display (550), and an input (510) for receiving an input image (IM) and metadata specifying at least one luminance mapping function (F_Lt), which luminance mapping function specifies the relationship between luminances in the input image and a second image with an at least 6 times higher or lower maximum luminance, and comprising a graphics generation unit (502) arranged to determine a secondary image (IMG), and an image composition unit (504) arranged to compose an output image (IMC) on the basis of the pixel colors of the input image and of the secondary image, characterized in that the image processing apparatus comprises a luminance function selection unit (505), which is arranged to output to a metadata output (507) a copy of the at least one luminance mapping function (F_Lt) in case no secondary imag

Abstract: An example non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions. When executed by a processor, the instructions cause the processor to split a video frame into a first frame including blocks classified as natural and a second frame including blocks classified as artificial. The instructions also cause the processor to compress the first frame with a first compression technique. The instructions also cause the processor to compress the second frame with a second compression technique.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods that provide for implement an asymmetric image splitter engine that may reduce the memory requirements. In one or more embodiments, a method may comprise receiving a multi-streaming video comprising super-frame video images, where each super-frame video images includes a first video image and a second video image, and where the height of the first video image is higher than the second video image. The vertical asymmetry of the second video image may be adjusted to same height as the first video image by adding padding to the second video image. An asymmetric image splitter engine may be utilized to split the super-frame video images into two separate video images. By marking each line of the second video image, it may be determined which lines are padded and discarded, and which lines are data to be displayed using a line mark memory.

Abstract: A colored 3D scene is encoded as one or two patch atlas images. Points of the 3D scene belonging a part of the space defined according to a truncated sphere center on a point of view and visible from this point of view are iteratively projected onto projection maps. At each iteration the projected part is removed from the 3D scene and the truncated sphere defining the next part of the scene to be projected is rotated. Once the entirety of the 3D scene is projected on a set of projection maps, pictures are determined within these maps. A picture, also called patch, is a cluster of depth consistent connected pixels. Patches are packed in a depth and a color atlas associated with data comprising an information relative to the rotation of the truncated sphere, so, a decoder can retrieve the projection mapping and proceed to the inverse projection.

Abstract: A spatially adaptive quantization-aware deblocking filter is used for encoding or decoding video or image frames. The deblocking filter receives a reconstructed frame produced based on dequantized and inverse transformed coefficients of a video frame or an image frame. The reconstructed frame is filtered according to adaptive quantization field data for the video or image frame. The adaptive quantization field data represents weights applied to quantization values used at different areas of the video or image frame. A number of blocking artifacts remaining within the resulting filtered frame is determined. The adaptive quantization field data is then adjusted based on that number of blocking artifacts. The filtered frame is then filtered according to the adjusted adaptive quantization field data. The resulting re-filtered frame is then output to an output source, such as for transmission, display, storage, or further processing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding an intra prediction mode of a prediction unit of a chrominance component based on an intra prediction mode of a prediction unit of a luminance component are provided. When an intra prediction mode of a prediction unit of a luminance component is the same as an intra prediction mode in an intra prediction mode candidate group of a prediction unit of a chrominance component, reconstructing the intra prediction mode candidate group of the prediction unit of the chrominance component by excluding or replacing an intra prediction mode of the prediction unit of the chrominance component which is same as an intra prediction mode of the prediction unit of the luminance component from the intra prediction mode candidate group, and encoding the intra prediction mode of the prediction unit of the chrominance component by using the reconstructed intra prediction mode candidate group.

Abstract: A method of video decoding performed in a video decoder is provided. A bit stream including bins of syntax elements is received. The syntax elements correspond to coefficients of a region of a transform skipped block in a coded picture. The syntax elements include a first flag indicating whether an absolute coefficient level of one of the coefficients is greater than a first threshold value, and a second flag indicating a parity of the absolute coefficient level. The second flag is decoded in a pass. The pass satisfies at least one of: (1) no other syntax elements is decoded in the pass; (2) a third flag indicating whether the absolute coefficient level is greater than a second threshold value is decoded in the pass; and (3) a fourth flag indicating sign information of the coefficient level of the one of the coefficients is decoded in the pass.

Abstract: A method of controlling residual coding for decoding or encoding of a video sequence, is performed by at least one processor and includes determining whether to replace a transform type of Multiple Transform Selection (MTS) by using Identity transform (IDT), based on whether either one or both of a block height and a block width meet a predetermined condition; and based on either one or both of the block height and the block width meeting the predetermined condition, replacing the transform type of MTS by using the IDT and keeping a syntax of the MTS unchanged, and the IDT is a linear transform process using an N×N transform core in which each coefficient is non-zero along a diagonal position, and wherein N is an integer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of entropy coding of coding symbols using Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coder (CABAC) are disclosed. According to the present invention, a math formula is used for calculating the LPS range for deriving rangeOne value and rangeZero value. For example, the LPS range is derived using one or more mathematical operations comprising calculating a multiplication of a first value and a second value, in which the first value is related to (2*the LPS probability index+1) or the LPS probability index, while the second value is related to (2*the range index+1) or the range index. Besides, the LPS range can be derived by using a look-up-table including table contents corresponding to values of LPS range associated with a set of LPS probability indexes and a set of range indexes for encoding or decoding a binary value of the current bin.

Abstract: Provided are a method by which e-book related content with a high readability of a text is produced while minimizing a cost and time required in service of the e-book related content, thereby allowing a user to efficiently use the thus produced content, and a computer program for the method.