Abstract: Video coding and decoding methods are described. An example method includes determining, based on an applicability rule, that a differential coding mode is applicable to a conversion between a chroma video block of a video and a bitstream representation of the chroma video block, and performing, based on the determining, the conversion between the chroma video block and the bitstream representation of the chroma video block using the differential coding mode, where the chroma video block is represented in the bitstream representation using a difference between a quantized residual of an intra prediction of the chroma video block and a prediction of the quantized residual in the differential coding mode, where the intra prediction is performed in a first direction and the prediction of the quantized residual is performed in a second direction, and where the difference is represented using a differential pulse coding modulation (DPCM) representation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of video coding implemented in a decoding device or an encoding device, the method comprising: determining a block size of a current coding block, the current coding block being coded in intra prediction mode; selecting, based on the determined block size of the current coding block, a sub-partitioning rule that determines a number of sub-partitions and a partition direction into which the current coding block is to be divided; and dividing the current coding block into sub-partitions based on the selected sub-partitioning rule.

Abstract: To reduce data amount while ensuring tactile reproducibility of a two-dimensional tactile signal, and improve the efficiency of a system related to tactile reproduction. Coding is performed to compress information amount by orthogonally transforming a two-dimensional tactile signal based on a time signal. By orthogonally transforming a two-dimensional tactile signal based on a time signal, it is possible to compress information amount by removing frequency components that are difficult for humans to perceive, as in the case of an image signal, for example. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce data amount while ensuring tactile reproducibility of a two-dimensional tactile signal, and improve the efficiency of a system related to tactile reproduction.

Abstract: A method for integrating buffer views into buffer access operations in a reconfigurable computing environment includes detecting, in an instruction stream for a reconfigurable dataflow unit (RDU), a buffer allocation statement comprising a tensor indexing expression, a buffer view indicator and one or more buffer view parameters. The method also includes lowering the buffer view parameters into the indexing expression according to the buffer view indicator to produce a modified tensor indexing expression, removing the buffer view indicator from the buffer allocation statement to produce a modified buffer allocation statement and allocating a buffer according to the modified buffer allocation statement. The modified buffer allocation statement may include the modified tensor indexing expression. A corresponding system and computer readable medium are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A storage device includes: a non-volatile memory including a first memory area and a second memory area, and a memory controller configured to receive a request from a first client device to upload a first multimedia file, generate a second multimedia file including a base layer and at least one enhancement layer by transcoding the first multimedia file from an original format to a scalable format, and control the non-volatile memory to store the second multimedia file in the non-volatile memory.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for making a ghosting special effect for a movie, an electronic device, and a medium, related to the field of computer application. The method comprises converting frames at specified moments in a to-be-processed movie into to-be-processed images; performing background removing operations on the to-be-processed images to obtain target object images corresponding to the specified moments in the to-be-processed movie; integrating the target object images into the to-be-processed movie, wherein each of the target object images is placed on its original position in the to-be-processed movie; and setting a continuous display period for each of the target object images in the to-be-processed movie.

Abstract: A wireless communication method for a terminal, a terminal, and a wireless communication system receive one or more Channel State Information Reference Signals (CSI-RSs). Further, quantization of combination coefficients of the one or more CSI-RSs corresponding to one or more spatial beams Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) basis vector amplitudes is performed.

Abstract: A virtual hair extension system is provided. The system includes a memory device having a user image of a user having hair, a display device, and a computer that is operably coupled to the memory device and the display device. The computer has a hair segmentation module and a hair extension blending module. The hair segmentation module generates a binary hair mask based on the user image. The hair extension blending module generates a final modified user image having the hair of the user with a selected hair extension thereon utilizing the user image, the binary hair mask, and a reference image of the selected hair extension. The computer displays the final modified user image having the hair of the user with the selected hair extension thereon on the display device.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for measuring the similarity of images/image blocks, which comprises: S1: acquiring two three-dimensional airspace images V and W; S2: decomposing the images V and W to obtain a plurality of sub-bands; S3: calculating a Laplacian probability corresponding to each high-frequency sub-band of V and W, weighting the high-frequency sub-hand; S4: marking two image blocks as X and Y, taking out data blocks corresponding to the image blocks X and Y, and calculating the statistics of the data blocks; S5: calculating the similarities of X and Y in each channel of each sub-band according to the statistics of the data blocks; S6: calculating an average value of the similarities of X and Y in each channel of each sub-band, and taking the average value as the similarity between X and Y.

Abstract: Systems and methods for multimedia swarm processes in accordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. One embodiment includes a method for creating a multimedia project at a swarm interface device. The method includes steps for providing a first set of multimedia content to a swarm includes several swarm members, where the several swarm members includes several swarm sources. The method further includes steps for receiving a second set of multimedia content from the several swarm sources and editing multimedia content to create a multimedia project includes at least one piece of multimedia content from the first set of multimedia content and at least one piece of multimedia content from the second set of multimedia content.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for initiating transfer of image data corresponding to at least one predetermined level of an image pyramid comprising higher resolution to a graphic processing unit (GPU) of the computing device, calculating, by the central processing unit (CPU) of the computing device, optical flow of at least one predetermined coarse level of the image pyramid, transferring, by the CPU of the computing device, the calculated optical flow of the at least one predetermined coarse level of the image pyramid to the GPU, calculating, by the GPU of the computing device, the optical flow of the at least one predetermined level of the image pyramid comprising higher resolution, and outputting, by the GPU of the computing device, the optical flow of the image data.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a data compression device includes a dictionary match determination unit, an extended matching generator, a match selector and a match connector. The dictionary match determination unit searches for first past input data matching first new input data. The extended matching generator compares second past input data subsequent to the first past input data with second new input data subsequent to the first new input data. The match selector generates compressed data by replacing a part of the input data with match information output from the dictionary match determination unit or the extended matching generator. The match connector replaces a plurality of match information in the compressed data with single match information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of generating a volume hologram using a point cloud and a mesh, in which a weight is given to a brightness of a light source according to a direction of a light in order to record a hologram of better quality. The method includes: (a) acquiring multi-view depth and color images; (b) generating point cloud data of a three-dimensional object from the acquired multi-view depth and color images; (c) generating mesh data of the three-dimensional object from the point cloud data of the three-dimensional object; (d) calculating a normal vector of each mesh from the mesh data of the three-dimensional object; (e) extracting three-dimensional data at a user viewpoint from the mesh data of the three-dimensional object by using the normal vector of the mesh; and (f) generating hologram data from three-dimensional data at the user viewpoint.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products are provided for load balancing for processing large data sets. The method includes identifying a number of segments and a transaction data set comprising transaction data for a plurality of transactions, the transaction data for each transaction of the plurality of transactions comprising a transaction value, determining an entropy of the transaction data set based on the transaction value of each transaction of the plurality of transactions, segmenting the transaction data set into the number of segments based on the entropy of the transaction data set and balancing respective entropies of each segment of the number of segments, and distributing processing tasks associated with each segment of the number of segments to at least one processor of a plurality of processors to process each transaction in each respective segment.

Abstract: A digital image is stored on a server. One or more areas of interest are determined within the digital image. One or more sets of features for each of the one or more areas of interest within the digital image are extracted. The digital image is parsed into a set of image layers, wherein a subset of image layers is associated with a first set of features of the one or more sets of features. A request to download the image from the server is received from a client. The subset of image layers is sent to the client. In response to sending the subset, the remainder of the set of images is sent.

Abstract: A method of processing an image of a scene including a road acquired by a vehicle-mounted camera to generate boundary data indicative of a boundary of an image region which represents an unoccupied area of the road, comprising: generating an LL sub-band image of an Nth level of an (N+1)-level discrete wavelet transform, DWT, decomposition of the image by iteratively low-pass filtering and down-sampling the image N times, where N is an integer equal to or greater than one; generating a sub-band image of an (N+1)th level by high-pass filtering the LL sub-band image of the Nth level, and down-sampling a result of the high-pass filtering, such that the sub-band image of the (N+1)th level has a pixel region having substantially equal pixel values representing the unoccupied area of the road in the image; and generating the boundary data by determining a boundary of the pixel region.

Abstract: A spectrum coding method includes quantizing spectral data of a current band based on a first quantization scheme, generating a lower bit of the current band using the spectral data and the quantized spectral data, quantizing a sequence of lower bits including the lower bit of the current band based on a second quantization scheme, and generating a bitstream based on a upper bit excluding N bits, where N is 1 or greater, from the quantized spectral data and the quantized sequence of lower bits.

Abstract: A decompression apparatus is provided. The decompression apparatus includes a memory configured to store compressed data decompressed and used in neural network processing of an artificial intelligence model, a decoder configured to include a plurality of logic circuits related to a compression method of the compressed data, decompress the compressed data through the plurality of logic circuits based on an input of the compressed data, and output the decompressed data, and a processor configured to obtain data of a neural network processible form from the data output from the decoder.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, systems, and program products securely present content on a display. An apparatus includes a processor and a memory that stores code executable by the processor. The code is executable by the processor to logically divide content to be presented on a display into a plurality of portions and randomly determine security display settings for each of the plurality of portions such that the plurality of portions are presented on the display with their respective security display settings at a frequency above a threshold of human persistence of vision but below camera shutter speeds. The code is executable by the processor to encode the randomly determined security display settings in metadata for each of the plurality of portions prior to the content being presented on the display and send the content, including the encoded security display settings, to the display.

Abstract: An artificial intelligence (AI) processor includes at least one memory; a plurality of neural network operators comprising circuitry configured to process an image; and a controller configured to control the at least one memory and the plurality of neural network operators. The controller controls input image data of an image to be stored in the at least one memory and controls at least one of the plurality of neural network operators to perform a neural network operation on image data split based on a size of the image and data processing capabilities of the plurality of neural network operators, and output upscaled image data.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products are provided for load balancing for processing large data sets. The method includes identifying a number of segments and a transaction data set comprising transaction data for a plurality of transactions, the transaction data for each transaction of the plurality of transactions comprising a transaction value, determining an entropy of the transaction data set based on the transaction value of each transaction of the plurality of transactions, segmenting the transaction data set into the number of segments based on the entropy of the transaction data set and balancing respective entropies of each segment of the number of segments, and distributing processing tasks associated with each segment of the number of segments to at least one processor of a plurality of processors to process each transaction in each respective segment.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an iterative encoding application generates shot encode points based on a first set of encoding points and a first shot sequence associated with a media title. The iterative encoding application performs convex hull operations across the shot encode points to generate a first convex hull. Subsequently, the iterative encoding application generates encoded media sequences based on the first convex hull and a second convex hull that is associated with both a second shot sequence associated with the media title and a second set of encoding points. The iterative encoding application determines a first optimized encoded media and a second optimized encoded media sequence from the encoded media sequences based on, respectively, a first target metric value and a second target metric value for a media metric. Portions of the optimized encoded media sequences are subsequently streamed to endpoint devices during playback of the media title.

Abstract: Video coding and decoding methods are described. An example method includes determining, based on an applicability rule, that a differential coding mode is applicable to a conversion between a chroma video block of a video and a bitstream representation of the chroma video block, and performing, based on the determining, the conversion between the chroma video block and the bitstream representation of the chroma video block using the differential coding mode, where the chroma video block is represented in the bitstream representation using a difference between a quantized residual of an intra prediction of the chroma video block and a prediction of the quantized residual in the differential coding mode, where the intra prediction is performed in a first direction and the prediction of the quantized residual is performed in a second direction, and where the difference is represented using a differential pulse coding modulation (DPCM) representation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for video content security and for detecting and preventing unauthorized playback. According to an exemplary method, a device performing a video playback can acquire a set of video frames from a decoder during the video playback, and generate, based on the set of video frames, a first video identifier. The first video identifier can be sent to a server. In response to the server determining that the first video identifier matches a second video identifier stored in the server, the device can receive a list of authorized playback sources associated with the second video identifier. The device can determine whether a source of the video playback is included in the list of authorized playback sources, and control the video playback based on the determination.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to adaptive filtering, e.g. adaptive loop filtering, which may be used during encoding and decoding of video pictures. In particular, the present disclosure provides for determining a zero coefficients map, in which each bit indicates whether or not a respective filter coefficient of a supporting region is to be included into the bitstream for an adaptive filter. An indication of the zero coefficients map is included into the bitstream before at least one filter coefficient of the adaptive filter indicated by the zero coefficients map as to be included into the bitstream. The provision of a zero coefficients map enables an efficient signaling and allows for flexible filter shapes that are particularly suitable for the content at hand.

Abstract: A method of storing multi-dimensional data, the method comprises encoding a structure of nodes of a tree data structure into an order representation; compressing data of nodes of the tree data structure to create a data stream of compressed data portions of variable length in a sequence corresponding to the order represented in the order representation. Each compressed data portion is formed from the data of each node. The method further comprises mapping the positions of the data portions in the data stream to the order representation to produce a location representation; and storing the order representation, data stream and location representation. A system of storing multi-dimensional data is also disclosed, as well as a method and system for retrieving stored multi-dimensional data.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a subsequence-based encoding application generates subsequences based on a source sequence associated with a media title. The subsequence-based encoding application then encodes both a first subsequence and a second subsequence across each of multiple configured encoders and at least one rate control value to generate, respectively, a first set of encoded subsequences and a second set of encoded subsequences. Notably, each configured encoder is associated with a combination of an encoder and a configuration, and at least two configured encoders are different from one another. Subsequently, the subsequence-based encoding application generates encoded media sequences based on the first set of encoded subsequences and the second set of encoded subsequences. Finally, the application selects a first encoded media sequence from the encoded media sequences based on a first target value for a media metric to subsequently stream to a first endpoint device during playback of the media title.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for adaptively reducing blocking artifacts in block-coded video are disclosed. In one implementation, a system includes processing logic at least capable of deblock filtering at least a portion of a line of video data based, at least in part, on edge information and texture information to generate at least a portion of a line of deblocked video data, and an image data output device responsive to the processing logic.

Abstract: The present invention improves the quality of the magnitude and phase images produced in medical imaging, in particular in the case of multi-antenna MRI. The invention proposes to generate (28) such an image (I) by summing the complex image data (pj,{tilde over (p)}j) obtained from different antennas by weighting these data using only the diagonal elements (Rj,j) of an antenna noise covariance matrix or its inverse or pseudo-inverse matrix (Rj,j?1). A reference antenna (Ref) may be determined (24), so as to be able to replace (26), in each of these datum, a phase component specific to the acquisition antenna by a reference phase component. The reference antenna is preferably a virtual antenna formed by linear combination of the antennas of the MRI system. If significant improvements are obtained in the phase image resulting from the summation, a very clear gain is also surprisingly obtained in the magnitude image.

Abstract: Disruption of computerized face detection includes receiving a source image that contains a representation of a face and computing a perturbation for the source image. The perturbation is specific to the source image and is configured for a target face detector. A perturbed image is then generated by adding the perturbation to the source image and then the perturbed image may be outputted instead of the source image.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a method of encoding an image file, the method comprising inputting dimension, channel, bit depth and color model data of the image file; forward transforming the image file; entropy coding the image file; inverse transforming the image file; and, reconstructing the image file.

Abstract: Embodiments of the systems and methods described herein provide game terrain generation system that can generate height field data from a sketch of graphical inputs from a user via a graphical user interface. The game terrain generation system can use a model, such as a trained neural network, to apply macro and micro topological features on top of the height field data to generate game terrain data. The game terrain generation system can identify boundaries between different styles of terrain and generate transitions between the styles to create a more realistic terrain boundary.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an iterative encoding application encodes a source video sequence. The encoding optimization application generates a set of shot encode points based on a set of encoding points and a first shot sequence included in the source video sequence. Each shot encode point is associated with a different encoded shot sequence. The encoding optimization application performs convex hull operation(s) across the set of shot encode points to generate a first convex hull associated with the first shot sequence. Subsequently, the encoding optimization application generates encoded video sequences based on the first convex hull and a second convex hull associated with a second shot sequence included in the source video sequence. The encoding optimization application computes a new encoding point based on the encoded video sequences and a target value for a first video metric and then generates an optimized encoded video sequence based on the new encoding point.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a buffer-based encoding application generates a first convex hull of subsequence encode points based on multiple encoding points and a first subsequence associated with a media title. The buffer-based encoding application then generates a first global convex hull of media encode points based on a transmission buffer constraint, the first convex hull, and a second global convex hull of media encode points. Notably, the second global convex hull is associated with a portion of the media title that occurs before the first subsequence in a playback order for the media title. Subsequently, the subsequence-based encoding application selects a first media encode point included in the first global convex hull based on a media metric and determines a first encoded media sequence based on the selected media encode point. The first encoded media sequence is subsequently streamed to an endpoint device during playback of the media title.

Abstract: A depth-first walk of a tree structure is performed to populate nodes of the tree structure with corresponding merged tiles of a merged data pyramid to be generated during the walk from source tiles. At a first visit of a target node, a source tile from a first source data layer corresponding to the target is fetched and stored in memory as a first source-derived tile corresponding to the target. At a last visit of the target, a resampling on source-derived tiles from a second source data layer stored in memory corresponding to children nodes of the target node is performed to generate and store in memory a second source-derived tile corresponding to the target node. Also, at the last visit of the target, at least the first and second source-derived tiles are merged to generate a merged tile of the merged data pyramid corresponding to the target.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises a memory and a processor. The memory is to store visual data associated with a visual representation captured by one or more sensors. The processor is to: obtain the visual data associated with the visual representation captured by the one or more sensors, wherein the visual data comprises uncompressed visual data or compressed visual data; process the visual data using a convolutional neural network (CNN), wherein the CNN comprises a plurality of layers, wherein the plurality of layers comprises a plurality of filters, and wherein the plurality of filters comprises one or more pixel-domain filters to perform processing associated with uncompressed data and one or more compressed-domain filters to perform processing associated with compressed data; and classify the visual data based on an output of the CNN.

Abstract: Methods of encoding and decoding for video data are described for encoding or decoding coefficients for a transform unit. In particular, the sign bits for the non-zero coefficients are encoded using sign bit hiding. Two or more sets of coefficients are defined for the transform unit and a sign bit may be hidden for each set, subject to satisfaction of a threshold test. The sets may correspond to coefficient groups that are otherwise used in multi-level significance map encoding and decoding.

Abstract: A method for computing a probability that an object comprises a target includes: performing a scan of an area comprising the object, generating points; creating a segment corresponding to the object using the points as segment points, the segment extending from a first segment point to a last segment point, the segment comprising a plurality of the segment points; and applying a metric, computing the probability that the object comprises the target.

Abstract: An embedded codec (EBC) circuitry includes encoder circuitry to encode an image block by application of a sequential encoding scheme to generate an encoded image block. The encoder circuitry determines a local pixel value of each pixel of the plurality of pixels in the encoded image block, based on a quantization bin size of each pixel in the encoded image block. The encoder circuitry selects a reconstruction point from a plurality of reconstruction points based on an accumulated difference of the local pixel value and an input pixel value of each pixel in the encoded image block. The encoder circuitry allocates a set of signaling bits that indicates the selected reconstruction point in a bit-stream of the encoded image block. The EBC circuitry further includes decoder circuitry to reconstruct the input pixel value of each pixel in the encoded image block, based on the set of signaling bits.

Abstract: The present invention may be a method, system, and a computer program product. An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for creating one or more indexes for information retrieval. The method comprises reading a document having hinting information into memory; the hinting information being associated with each unique expression in an original document; and creating the indexes from the document which was read into memory. A first analysis method for generating a contiguous sequence of items from text in the document is used for creating the indexes for each sequence in the unique expression with which the hinting information is associated. A second analysis method for dividing the text into meaningful units is used for creating the indexes for each word in the text other than the unique expression. The first analysis method may be an n-gram analysis and the second analysis method may be a morphological analysis.

Abstract: Techniques are described for performing transformation on video data. A transform circuit may receive M sample values of the video data from a pre-transform buffer, and process the M sample values with N computation units of the transform circuit to generate intermediate values. Processing the M sample values to generate the intermediate values includes feeding back temporary values from output of one or more of the N computation units to input of one or more of the N computation units. The transform circuit may store a first set of the intermediate values in a transpose buffer, and store a second set of the intermediate values in the pre-transform buffer that are to be later retrieved for storage in the transpose buffer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and a device for determining a transform block size, and can improve image compression efficiency. The method includes: obtaining, according to image block information and a splitting manner of an image block, a parameter of a transform block corresponding to the image block; and obtaining a transform block size according to the parameter of the transform block and the splitting manner of the image block. In the embodiments of the present invention, during determination of a transform block size, the transform block size is obtained according to a splitting manner of an image block and a parameter of a transform block corresponding to the image block. Therefore, a transform block matching the splitting manner of the image block can be used, improving image compression efficiency.

Abstract: A method for computing a probability that an object comprises a target includes: performing a scan of an area comprising the object, generating points; creating a segment corresponding to the object using the points as segment points, the segment extending from a first segment point to a last segment point, the segment comprising a plurality of the segment points; and applying a metric, computing the probability that the object comprises the target.

Abstract: Approaches for indexing and comparing charts are described. A system can receive one or more charts, which may include depictions of signals, and index portions of a chart using a sliding window algorithm. Subsequently, a system can receive a query that can be compared to the indexed portions of one or more charts. After a comparison, the most similar portions of the compared charts are provided based on a nearest neighbor search.

Abstract: Wavelet transformation is performed on first image data and second image data until a decomposition level becomes a decomposition level based on synthesis control data or the like, and first wavelet coefficient data and second wavelet coefficient data are thereby generated. An ROI coefficient related to an ROI and a non-ROI coefficient in the first wavelet coefficient data are determined on the basis of mask data and the ROI coefficient in the first wavelet coefficient data and a wavelet coefficient in the second wavelet coefficient data are synthesized with each other, and synthesized coefficient data are thereby generated. Inverse wavelet transformation is performed on the synthesized coefficient data until a decomposition level becomes a predetermined end level, and synthetic image data are thereby generated.

Abstract: Systems and methods in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed that use super-resolution (SR) processes to use information from a plurality of low resolution (LR) images captured by an array camera to produce a synthesized higher resolution image. One embodiment includes obtaining input images using the plurality of imagers, using a microprocessor to determine an initial estimate of at least a portion of a high resolution image using a plurality of pixels from the input images, and using a microprocessor to determine a high resolution image that when mapped through the forward imaging transformation matches the input images to within at least one predetermined criterion using the initial estimate of at least a portion of the high resolution image.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems for processing video blocks. The method including transforming, via a transform unit, the video residual data using a single one-dimensional transform to generate a first set of coefficients associated with the video block; quantizing, via a quantization unit, the first set of coefficients to generate a second set of quantized coefficients, wherein the method for processing the video residual data includes bit-shifting any of the first and second sets of coefficients; entropy coding the second set of quantized coefficients after the bit-shifting; and transmitting the entropy coded second set of quantized coefficients. In certain embodiments, the bit shifting may include integer and/or fractional bit shifting.

Abstract: A display control apparatus which projects and displays at least one image on a screen, converts a frame frequency for a display of the at least one image to N times (N>1), generates an added image by adding a predetermined pattern to the converted frame and a subtracted image by subtracting the predetermined pattern from the converted frame as a first frame and a second frame following the first frame, projects the generated first frame and the second frame for an image on the screen at the N-times frequency, acquires the image projected on the screen, extracts the pattern from the acquired image, and corrects a shape of the image based on the extracted pattern.

Abstract: A computer implemented system and method for managing a stack containing a plurality of documents. The system scans and manages documents provided by the users in form of batches. Multiple users can provide the documents to be managed in form of a stack that contains the documents separated by separating pages and submission forms. The submission forms are then identified by the system to identify the batches and allot track numbers to the identified batches for future reference. Documents within the batches are identified by the separating pages and are allotted barcodes for identification. These documents are scanned and processed to obtain quality checked images of the documents which are then stored in a central repository. The system allows the users to change/set prioritization of a request or document type and also allows automatic indexing, routing of the transactions, processing, quality checking, and modification in the scanned images.

Abstract: A system according to an exemplary embodiment includes: a first scaler configured to receive a plurality of touch events and down-scale the touch events to generate down-scaled touch events; a touch path logic unit configured to generate an output based on the down-scaled touch events; and a rendering logic unit configured to receive a video image, receive an output of the touch path logic unit, generate a display image by combining the video image with an overlay data according to the output of the touch path logic unit, and output the display image.