Abstract: A regenerative burner including: a combustion chamber; a heat exchange chamber; and a communication passage therebetween, the combustion chamber includes a tip of a fuel nozzle and a flame ejection port, and is configured such that fuel introduced from the fuel nozzle into the combustion chamber can be burned in the combustion chamber using combustion air introduced into the combustion chamber through the communication passage to eject flame from the flame ejection port; the fuel nozzle is configured such that fuel burned in the regenerative burner is introduced into the combustion chamber; and the heat exchange chamber comprises a heat accumulator interposed between the communication passage and an air port, and is configured such that combustion air can pass through the heat accumulator and then be introduced into the combustion chamber such that an exhaust gas passes through the heat accumulator and is discharged from the air port.

Abstract: A modular boiler system for implementing fuel combustion is provided. The system includes a first boiler and a second boiler of a plurality of boilers, an oxygen input unit, a fuel input unit, a recycled flue gas input unit, and a flue gas separator. The first boiler receives oxygen from the oxygen input unit, fuel from the fuel input unit, and recycled flue gas from the recycled flue gas input unit. The first boiler outputs intra-system flue gas. The flue gas separator separates the intra-system flue gas into a first and second flue gas stream, transfers the first flue gas stream to the second boiler, and transfers the second flue gas stream to a gas cleaning system. The second boiler receives oxygen from the oxygen input unit, fuel from the fuel input unit, and the first flue gas stream from the flue gas separator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heating a furnace using a burner system having first and second burner assemblies, each including a burner and a regenerative media bed, the method including operating the first burner assembly in a firing mode and the second burner assembly in a regeneration mode, switching the first burner assembly from the firing mode to the regeneration mode and the second burner assembly from the regeneration mode to the firing mode, and operating the second burner assembly in the firing mode and the first burner assembly in the regeneration mode. The burner assembly in the firing mode may be fired in either a first operating mode where the burner is supplied with preheated low calorific fuel and the burner is supplied with oxidizing gas or a second operating mode where the burner is supplied with preheated oxidizing gas and the burner is supplied with high calorific fuel.

Abstract: A low NOX burner in which the amount of air flow to the low NOX (nitrous oxides) burner can be adjusted (e.g., based on determinations related to the TEG air flow to the low NOX burner). A low NOX burner capable of operating in a TEG mode that uses a mixture of fresh air and turbine exhaust gas (TEG) as an oxidizer, and also in a fresh air mode in which fresh air (but not TEG) is used as an oxidizer (e.g., and that may be configured to switch seamlessly between these modes). A method of operating a low NOx burner that that includes using TEG and fresh air as an oxidizer to burn fuel, in a TEG mode and, when conditions dictate, such as when the TEG flow has decreased to a pre-determined level (e.g., zero or close to zero), switching from the TEG mode to a fresh air mode.

Abstract: An apparatus for burning of a gaseous fuel includes a gas manifold comprising a blast tube with an axis of rotation and an outer wall; a center bluff body disposed inside the blast tube; a plurality of aerodynamic blocks circumferentially distributed in the annular space between the blast tube and the center bluff body, creating passage channels for combustion air between the aerodynamic blocks; two injector nozzles located inside the wake zone of each of the aerodynamic block and are fluidically communicating to the gas manifold; an air control mechanism comprising a center hub and a plurality of air control modules. The control modules fit through the passage channels. Each air control module comprises an air deflector located at the outer edge of a passage channel.

Abstract: The present invention provides an infrared hydrogen/oxygen combustor. The structure of the combustor includes a sinus ring (1). A surrounding foot (12) of the angle-shaped sinus ring (1) wraps a material-containing basin (14). A first small tube (16) and a second small tube (7) are connected the material-containing basin (14) and the angle-shaped sinus ring (1). Water solution (3) is contained in the material-containing basin (14). A straight-hole ceramic water-absorbing board (5) is provided on the upper part of the water solution (3), a spacing ring (6) is provided above the side of the material-containing basin (14) and in the upward ring of the angle-shaped sinus ring (1), a two-stage material-containing box (9) with a separated brake is provide on one side of the angle-shaped sinus ring (1). The technical scheme of the invention reduces the production cost, the pollution and protects the environment.

Abstract: A cracking furnace includes a combustion volume defined in part by a burner wall having a refractory lining. A plurality of perforated flame holders is arranged in an array that is spaced away from the wall, with fuel input faces facing the wall. Each of a plurality of fuel nozzles is positioned and configured to emit a fuel stream toward the input face of a respective one of the plurality of perforated flame holders. Combustion reactions, supported by the fuel streams emitted by the fuel nozzles, and held by the flame holders, release heat, which is emitted by the flame holders as thermal (blackbody) radiation, a portion of which impinges upon, and heats the inner face of the refractory lining. Thermal radiation from the flame holders and the wall impinges upon a load positioned in the approximate center of the combustion volume, between burner walls.

Abstract: A combustion system comprises a discharge nozzle with concentric air and fuel orifices. A fuel conduit is coupled to each fuel orifice while an air conduit is coupled to each air orifice. The fuel and air only mixing with one another upon discharge. A supplemental air source supplies supplement air for combustion. An air deflector disk supports the discharge nozzle and a cylindrical blast tube surrounds the air deflector sleeve and the air deflector disk while an outlet end of the cylindrical blast tube supports a flame retention head. The deflector disk permits some combustion air to flow into the combustion chamber while redirecting a remaining portion of the supplement air. The flame retention head permits some of the supplement air to discharge into a burner box while redirecting the remaining supplement air radially inward through openings in the air deflector sleeve to assist with combustion of the fuel mixture.

Abstract: The burner device for high-temperature air combustion according to the present invention is equipped with a thermal insulation portion (5) that is provided facing a furnace (1) and has a throat (6); a burner nozzle (9) that is provided at the axial center of this throat and that injects a pulverized coal mixed flow (38) into the furnace through the throat; a windbox (8) that is provided so as to house this burner nozzle; an air register (16) that is provided at the distal end of the burner nozzle and that injects low-temperature secondary air from the windbox to the throat; a high-temperature air nozzle (23), one end of which opens into the furnace through the heat insulation portion; and a combustion air switching means (16, 24) that switches between injecting low-temperature secondary air to the throat through the air register and injecting high-temperature secondary air to the furnace interior through the high-temperature air nozzle, in which in steady combustion, low-temperature secondary air is injected

Abstract: A perforated flame holder and burner including a perforated flame holder provides reduced oxides of nitrogen (NOx) during operation. The perforated flame holder includes a pattern of elongated apertures extending between a proximal and a distal surface of the flame holder relative to a fuel nozzle. The perforated flame holder can provide a significantly reduced flame height while maintaining heat output from the burner.

Abstract: A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

Abstract: The invention provides a shuttle kiln that can fire ceramic porous bodies containing organic binders in a shorter period of time than in conventional methods without occurring breaks due to a temperature difference between the inside and the outside. The shuttle kiln of the invention is suited for firing of ceramic porous bodies containing organic binders. It includes a gas suction path 4 that suctions in-furnace gas and discharges it via an afterburner 5 and a circulation path 7 that suctions the in-furnace gas to the furnace outside to burn organic binder gas and then returns it into the furnace.

Abstract: Methods and systems for applying surveillance to client computers that communicate via proxy servers. A decoding system accepts communication packets from a communication network. Based on the received packets, the decoding system identifies that a certain client computer conducts a communication session with a target server via a proxy server. The decoding system processes the packets so as to correlate the identity of the client computer with the identity of the target server. The correlated identities may comprise, for example, Internet Protocol (IP) addresses or Uniform Resource Locators (URLs).

Abstract: A method for upgrading coal and other carbonaceous fuels includes subjecting the carbonaceous fuel to a pyrolyzing process, thereby forming upgraded carbonaceous fuel and a flow of lean fuel gases. Auxiliary fuel is combusted in an auxiliary fuel combustor to produce auxiliary fuel combustion gases, and the lean fuel gases are heated with the auxiliary fuel combustion gases. The heated lean fuel gases are combusted in a lean fuel combustor, thereby producing a gas stream of products of combustion, and at least a portion of the gas stream of products of combustion are directed to the pyrolyzer.

Abstract: A boiler operating method operates a boiler by switching between air combustion mode and oxygen combustion mode when burning fossil fuel with first combustion gas and second combustion gas. The second combustion gas compensates for oxygen deficiency in the first combustion gas. The air combustion mode uses air as the first combustion gas and the second combustion gas while the oxygen combustion mode uses mixed gas of combustion flue gas and oxygen-rich gas as the first combustion gas and the second combustion gas, the combustion flue gas being produced when the fossil fuel is burned. By mixing the oxygen-rich gas in the air in the process of switching between air combustion mode and oxygen combustion mode, the air being the first combustion gas used in the air combustion mode, the boiler operating method can switch between the air combustion mode and oxygen combustion mode while maintaining stable combustion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a premix burner of the multi-cone type for a gas turbine that includes a plurality of shells which are arranged around a central burner axis and are parts of a virtual, axially extending common cone, which opens in a downstream direction, whereby said parts are displaced perpendicular to said burner axis such that a tangential slot is defined between each pair of adjacent shells. The flame front of such a burner is stabilized by providing a virtual common cone with a cone angle, which varies in axial direction.

Abstract: To inhibit corrosion of water wall tubes of a boiler and stabilize combustion on a burner during oxygen combustion operation, a boiler combustion system includes a boiler equipped with a burner and a two-staged combustion gas input port; a flue gas supply fan extracting flue gas from a flue gas treatment system via a flue gas circulation line; a combustion gas supply line, fuel carrier gas supply line, and two-staged combustion gas supply line branched off from the flue gas circulation line downstream of the flue gas supply fan; an oxygen supply line supplying oxygen-rich gas to the combustion gas supply line and fuel carrier gas supply line; combustion air supply fans; a switching unit switching operation between the flue gas supply fan and the combustion air supply fans; and dampers regulating gas flow rates on the combustion gas supply line and the two-staged combustion gas supply line, respectively.

Abstract: A method and system for improving high excess air combustion system efficiency, including induration furnaces, using a re-routing of flue gas within the system by gas recirculation. Flue gas is drawn from hot system zones including zones near the stack, for re-introduction into the process whereby the heat recovery partially replaces fuel input. At least one pre-combustion drying zone, at least one combustion zone, and at least a first cooling zone exist in these furnaces. At least one exhaust gas outlet is provided to each pre-combustion drying and combustion zone. At least part of the gaseous flow from each system zone exhaust outlet is selectively delivered to an overall system exhaust, the remaining flow being selectively delivered via recirculation to cooling zones. Recirculation flow is adjusted to meet required system temperatures and pressures. The method and system provide efficiency improvements, reducing fuel requirements and greenhouse gas emissions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a multi-gas burner having at least one burner lance with a first, second and third nozzle and having a first, second and a third feed chamber. It is provided according to the invention that for high-calorific operation air is fed via the first nozzle, O2-depleted gas via the second nozzle and the high-calorific combustion gas via the third nozzle into the combustion chamber, where they are combusted. Furthermore the invention relates to a multi-gas burner for operation with a low-calorific and a high-calorific combustion gas.

Abstract: In a burner and method for the operation of such a burner which is provided with first fuel and air supply means for FLOX® operation and second fuel and air supply means for operation with flame combustion, a control unit is provided for controlling fuel and air supply means in such a manner that, aided by flame combustion operation, the temperature required for FLOX® operation is rapidly achieved and FLOX® operation can be maintained at least in the region directly in front of the burner so as to provide for assisted FLOX® operation of the burner already before the conditions for pure FLOX® operation are established.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for controlling regenerative burners used as a firing device, particularly for iron and steel product heating furnaces or for radiating tubes for continuous strip steel processing lines, according to which the supply of at least one of the fluids involved in the combustion (fuel and comburent) is carried out through a rotary injector (12) rotating by means of a rotatable actuator (M) so as to supply fluid alternately to one and then the other of the burners (B1, B2), the rotary injector (12) being placed on the comburent inlet duct (6), particularly air, and is provided to partially obstruct the supply pipe (19.1; 19.2) to the burner (B1; B2) such that one portion of the fumes from a regenerator (2.2; 2.1) for the non-operating burner (B2; B1) is led to the operating burner (B1; B2) and such that the other portion of the fumes is discharged to the stack.

Abstract: A low NOx combustion method includes steps of injecting reactants into a combustion chamber. A primary reactant stream, including fuel and combustion air premix, is injected from a premix burner port into the combustion chamber. A staged fuel stream is injected into the combustion chamber from a staged fuel injector port adjacent to the premix burner port. A stream of recirculated flue gas is injected into the combustion chamber from a flue gas injector port that is adjacent to the premix burner port and adjacent to the staged fuel injector port. In this manner, the stream of recirculated flue gas is injected into the combustion chamber unmixed with the primary reactant stream and unmixed with the staged fuel stream.

Abstract: A device for stabilizing dilute combustion for use in a cold-walls type combustion chamber comprises a burner. The burner comprises at least one oxidant inlet and at least one fuel inlet. The oxidant and fuel inlets opening separately into the chamber at a distance suitable for establishing combustion which is highly diluted by internal re-circulations of combustion products toward a burner zone. The device comprises a heating element configured to heat, during steady operating conditions, the combustion products to sustain self-ignition conditions. The heating element is positioned in a dilution zone and surrounds a set of oxidant and fuel jets.

Abstract: A method for evaluating the state of a fuel-air mixture and/or the combustion in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, with sample signals of flame light signals being stored in a database, and with flame light signals of the combustion in the combustion chamber being detected and compared with the stored sample signals, and with an evaluation of the state being output in the case of coincidence between the measured and stored signal patterns. In order to enable the monitoring of the combustion in the simplest possible way the sample signals in the database are stored with the assigned emission values and an evaluation of the state of the combustion is performed with respect to the obtained emissions in the case of coincidence between the measured and stored signal patterns for the combustion chamber of the respective cylinder.

Abstract: A method of and control apparatus for operation of a boiler plant are described. The boiler plant has a furnace volume, an oxyfuel firing system for oxyfuel combustion of fuel in the furnace volume, and a compression system for compression of gases exhausted from the furnace volume after combustion. The method and control apparatus are characterized by the step of controlling mass flow of gases through the compression system as a means to control pressure within the furnace volume. This invention relates to both single and multi unit arrangements.

Abstract: A method of operating an emission abatement assembly includes separating the exhaust gas flow entering through the gas inlet port of the fuel-fired burner into a combustion flow which is advanced through the combustion chamber, and a bypass flow which bypasses the combustion chamber. An emission abatement assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel-operated vehicle heating system includes a burner arrangement (18) with a combustion chamber (20) for burning a fuel/combustion air mixture, a fuel feed system (22) for feeding fuel (B) to the combustion chamber (20), a combustion air feed system (28) for feeding combustion air (L) to the combustion chamber (20), and a waste gas removal system (34) for removing combustion waste gases from the burner arrangement (18). A waste gas emission suppression arrangement (38, 40) is associated with the combustion air feed system (28) and/or the waste gas removal system (34).

Abstract: This invention relates to a heating device consisting of at least one burner for the combustion especially of a gaseous fuel, at least one radiant tube connecting to the burner, at least one fan generating a negative pressure or an excess pressure in the radiant tube, and at least one exhaust gas recirculation system with at least one exhaust gas recirculation passage through which an exhaust gas produced during the combustion of the primary fuel can be recirculated from the radiant tube to a transition zone from the burner into the radiant tube. In order to further develop a heating device of this type as well as a method for its operation the burner is adapted for being operated in at least two power stages and the exhaust gas recirculation system is controlled in dependence of the power stages of the burner in such a way that the volume flow of the recirculated exhaust gas is reduced with an increasing power stage of the burner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for burning a fluid fuel, in which fuel is reacted in a catalytic reaction, whereupon catalytically pre-reacted fuel continues to be burned in a secondary reaction. A swirling component is impressed onto the pre-reacted fuel, allowing the secondary reaction to be ignited in a spatially controlled manner, resulting in complete burnout. The invention further relates to a burner for burning a fluid fuel, in which the fuel outlet of a catalytic burner is disposed upstream of the fuel outlet of a primary burner in the direction of flow of the fuel within a flow channel such that the fuel is catalytically reacted. The catalytic burner is provided with a number of catalytically effective elements which are arranged such that a vortex is created in the flow channel. The invention can be applied particularly to combustion chambers of gas turbines.

Abstract: A gas burner apparatus for discharging a mixture of fuel gas, air and flue gas into a furnace space of a furnace wherein the mixture is burned and flue gas having a low content of nitrous oxides and carbon monoxide is formed is provided. The burner tile includes at least one gas circulation port extending though the wall of the tile. The interior surface of the wall of the tile includes a Coanda surface. Fuel gas and/or flue gas conducted through the gas circulation port follows the path of the Coanda surface which allows more flue gas to be introduced into the stream. The exterior surface of the wall of the tile also includes a Coanda surface for facilitating the creation of a staged combustion zone. Also provided are improved burner tiles, improved gas tips and methods of burning a mixture of air, fuel gas and flue gas in a furnace space.

Abstract: This invention relates to a heating device consisting of at least one burner for the combustion especially of a gaseous fuel, at least one radiant tube connecting to the burner, at least one fan generating a negative pressure or an excess pressure in the radiant tube, and at least one exhaust gas recirculation system with at least one exhaust gas recirculation passage through which an exhaust gas produced during the combustion of the primary fuel can be recirculated from the radiant tube to a transition zone from the burner into the radiant tube. In order to further develop a heating device of this type as well as a method for its operation the burner is adapted for being operated in at least two power stages and the exhaust gas recirculation system is controlled in dependence of the power stages of the burner in such a way that the volume flow of the recirculated exhaust gas is reduced with an increasing power stage of the burner.

Abstract: A burner at which fuel cannot be combusted with air as the only source of oxygen for combustion in a stable flame at the burner when the feed rate of the fuel is too low, when the fuel is fed at too high an air-to-fuel mass ratio, when the fuel contains too high an amount of inert matter, or when the specific energy content of the fuel is too low, is modified by supplying oxidant containing more than 21 vol. % oxygen into the base of a flame at the burner, whereupon such fuels can be combusted at the burner.

Abstract: Disclosed is a combustor including a baffle plate having at least one through baffle hole and at least one fuel nozzle extending through the at least one through baffle hole. At least one diluent shroud is affixed to the at least one baffle plate and is configured to guide a diluent flow toward a mixing chamber of the at least one fuel nozzle. Further disclosed is a method for introducing a diluent flow into a mixing chamber of a fuel nozzle including urging the diluent flow from a plenum through a baffle plate gap between a baffle plate and an outer surface of the fuel nozzle. The diluent flow is directed via at least one diluent shroud extending from the baffle plate toward a plurality of air swirler holes extending through a fuel nozzle tip. The diluent flow is flowed through the plurality of air swirler holes into the mixing chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for evaluating the state of a fuel/air mixture and/or the combustion in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, with sample signals of flame light signals, preferably the flame intensity (FI), with associated mixture states being saved to a database, with flame light signals, preferably the flame light intensity (FI), of the combustion in the combustion chamber being detected and thus being compared with the saved sample signals, and with conclusions being drawn on the state of the mixture in the combustion chamber in the case of coincidence between measured and saved signal patterns. In order to enable a simple and precise monitoring of the mixture state and the combustion it is provided that a pressure measurement is also performed in the cylinder simultaneously with the detection of the flame light signals.

Abstract: A method for reducing NOx formation, including the steps of: providing a furnace with a plurality of secondary air injection ducts, asymmetrically positioned in an opposing manner; injecting fuel with primary air through a first stage prior to injection of a second air; injecting secondary air and aqueous urea solution through the plurality of reagent injection ducts; controlling the asymmetrical injection to produce a high velocity mass flow and a turbulence resulting in dispersion of the urea solution into the combustion space, thereby providing reduced NOx formation in the combustion process.

Abstract: Combustion systems having reduced nitrogen oxide emissions and methods of using the same are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a combustion system is provided. The combustion system includes a combustion zone, which includes a burner for converting a fuel, under fuel rich conditions, to a flue gas. An intermediate staged air inlet is downstream from the combustion zone, for supplying intermediate staged air to the flue gas and producing fuel lean conditions. A reburn zone is downstream from the intermediate staged air inlet for receiving the flue gas. A process for using the combustion system and a method of reducing NOX flowing into the reburn zone of a combustion system are also described herein.

Abstract: An apparatus, a system and a method by which fuel gas to drive a heat source is heated are provided. The apparatus includes a first gas passage by which at least a portion of the fuel gas is transported from an inlet to an outlet, the outlet being fluidly coupled to the heat source, a plurality of heat pipes in thermal communication, at respective first ends thereof, with the portion of the fuel gas transported by the first gas passage, and a heating element, fluidly coupled to the heat source to receive exhaust of the heat source, through which respective second ends of the heat pipes extend to be in position to be heated by the exhaust.

Abstract: The invention refers to the method for the utilization of low-concentration mixtures of a combustible gas and air with the stable recovery of heat and the flow-reversal device for the embodiment of the method.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for collecting fugitive combustible gases and adding the gases as a supplementary fuel source to an engine. The fugitive combustible gases are added to the air inletted to the air supply and a control is provided to allow adjustment of the normal fuel supplied to the engine following the addition of the fugitive combustible gases. The fugitive combustible gases provide an energy source for the engine and the combustion of the gases reduces the greenhouse effect if the gases contain methane.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for inducing waves within a container arranged to permit a through-flow of fluid flowing generally from an inlet of the container to an exit of the container, wherein the container has wave inducing means located at the exit of the container, the wave inducing means being operable to vary the area of the exit thereby inducing waves within the container. The apparatus may form part of a combustor test rig.

Abstract: A coaxial injection device for injecting and dispersing reagents into a reactor, including an exterior duct for high-velocity gas injection; an outer-middle injector with at least one nozzle for liquid injection; an inner-middle duct for low-velocity gas injection; and an interior injector with nozzle for liquid injection; wherein, the exterior duct is formed by the internal wall of an insert and the external wall of the outer-middle injector; and is located externally to and circumferentially surrounds all other injectors and ducts; the outer-middle injector is formed by two concentric cylinders with end plate and injector nozzles; the inner-middle duct is formed by interior wall of the outer-middle injector and the exterior wall of the interior injector; the interior injector is formed by a cylinder with an endplate, the endplate having a nozzle; thereby ensuring the mixing and dispersion of the liquids and gases into the reactor to increase reaction homogeneity, reaction efficiency, reactor efficiency and

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and systems for recovering thermal energy from heated exhaust gases. The methods and systems have particular use in conjunction with combustion source effluent/exhaust streams. The methods of energy recovery increase life expectancy of various equipment, while reducing operating and maintenance costs for economic recovery of enthalpy from heated process streams. In certain aspects, the methods of recovering thermal energy include providing a heated low pressure effluent stream. A high velocity stream is injected into an entrainment zone to form a high velocity jet which entrains the heated effluent stream. The momentum of the system is conserved and a mixed stream is pressurized and recirculated to a burning zone of a combustion source. The methods also reduce pollutant emissions.

Abstract: The present application and the resultant patent provide a combustion system. The combustion system may include a combustion chamber for combusting a flow of fuel and a flow of air to a flow of flue gases, an overfire air system in communication with the combustion chamber, and a flue gas return line in communication with the overfire air system such that a recycled flue gas flow mixes with an overtire air flow before entry into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method and system for improving high excess air combustion system efficiency, including induration furnaces, using a re-routing of flue gas within the system by gas recirculation. Flue gas is drawn from hot system zones including zones near the stack, for re-introduction into the process whereby the heat recovery partially replaces fuel input. At least one pre-combustion drying zone, at least one combustion zone, and at least a first cooling zone exist in these furnaces. At least one exhaust gas outlet is provided to each pre-combustion drying and combustion zone. At least part of the gaseous flow from each system zone exhaust outlet is selectively delivered to an overall system exhaust, the remaining flow being selectively delivered via recirculation to cooling zones. Recirculation flow is adjusted to meet required system temperatures and pressures. The method and system provide efficiency improvements, reducing fuel requirements and greenhouse gas emissions.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating a blast furnace stove having a combustion region and a combustion gas outlet associated with the combustion region includes a source of lower calorific value fuel; a first pipeline for supplying the lower calorific value fuel to the combustion region; a source of air; a second pipeline for supplying the air to the combustion region; a source of oxidant comprising at least 85% by volume of oxygen; a third pipeline to supply the oxidant to the combustion region; a fourth pipeline communicating with the combustion gas outlet for conducting combustion gas away from the stove; and a fifth pipeline operable to recirculate combustion gas to the combustion region. The apparatus may operate in different modes according to which of the pipelines are placed in communication with the combustion region.

Abstract: A combustor, in which a flame holding region is formed at a location distant from a pilot burner to avoid burnout of the pilot burner and in which flame holding capability is increased to use a lean pre-mix gas for reducing NOx emission, is provided. The combustor includes a combustion liner having a cylindrical side wall that defines a combustion chamber; and a main burner positioned at a top portion of the combustion liner for injecting an annular pre-mix gas into the combustion chamber to form a reverse flow region at a downstream portion thereof, which region is oriented towards the top portion of the combustion chamber along a longitudinal axis. In this combustor, a pilot burner is arranged at the top portion for injecting a mixture of fuel and air only in a direction confronting the reverse flow region.

Abstract: A burner for a gas combustor and a method of operating the burner are disclosed. The burner includes a front surface area divided into a plurality of subareas and inlets arranged on the front surface area such that each subarea is encircled by at least four inlets and such that during operation of the burner, a gas recirculation in the combustor is facilitated corresponding to each subarea.

Abstract: A system is described for the pyrolysation and gasification of organic substances, in particular biomasses, comprising in cascade at least one evaporation module, at least one pyrolysis reactor and at least one gassing device, such evaporation module being supplied with the organic substance, to be dried and then be transferred through first supplying means in such pyrolysis reactor to be subjected to a pyrolysis process for producing at least one pyrolysis fuel syngas and remaining organic products, the remaining organic products being then transferred through second supplying means to such gassing device to produce at least one gasification fuel syngas, further comprising first channelling means for such pyrolysis fuel syngas and such gasification fuel syngas from such pyrolysis reactor to at least one energy user, second channelling means of burnt exhaust gases produced by such energy user towards such evaporation module, and third channelling means of such gasification fuel syngas from such gassing device

Abstract: A method of firing a burner into a furnace process chamber supplies the burner with fuel and combustion air at a ratio that provides a level of excess air. The method includes the steps of reducing the flow rate of combustion air, and maintaining the level of excess air when the flow rate of combustion air is being reduced. Other steps include withdrawing exhaust gas from the process chamber, and supplying the burner with the exhaust gas at an increasing flow rate when the flow rate of combustion air is being reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiant-heating device for heating an industrial furnace using radiated heat. A first burner unit (1) comprises a first burner (2), which heats an air mixture by burning a fuel (6), a first air supplier (60), via which the first burner (2) is supplied with fresh air, and a first elongated radiant-heating pipe (20), which includes a rearward end (20a) connected with the first burner (2) and a forward end (20b) spaced from the rearward end (20a) and in which the hot exhaust gas generated by the first burner (2) flows from the rearward end (20a) to the forward end (20b) of the first radiant-heating pipe (20) and supplies heat energy along this path to the pipe wall of the first radiant-heating pipe (20). A second burner unit (1?) is constructed like the first burner unit (1).