Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for creating a Carbon-Carbon bond (C—C) or a Carbon-Heteroatom bond (C-HE) by reacting a compound carrying a leaving group with a nucleophilic compound carrying a carbon atom or a heteroatom (HE) that can substitute for the leaving group, creating a C—C or C-HE bond, wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of an effective quantity of a. a catalytic system comprising a ligand and at least a metal-based catalyst, such a metal catalyst being chosen among iron or copper compounds proviso that only a single metal is present.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing bulk catalyst is provided. A process to prepare hydroprocessing bulk catalysts is also provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Lu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h,, wherein M is at least one group VIB metal; promoter metal L is optional and if present, L is at least one Group VIII non-noble metal; t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, L, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; 0=<b; and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b). The catalyst has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern with at least one broad diffraction peak at any of Bragg angles: 8 to 18°, 32 to 40°, and 55 to 65° (from 0 to 70° 2-? scale).

Abstract: A process for regenerating a used acidic ionic liquid catalyst comprising contacting the used ionic liquid catalyst with at least one ‘regeneration’ metal in a regeneration zone in the presence of added hydrogen under regeneration conditions for a time sufficient to increase the activity of the ionic liquid catalyst is described. In one embodiment, regeneration is conducted in the presence of a hydrocarbon solvent.

Abstract: A process to prepare hydroprocessing bulk catalysts is provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Xu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h, wherein M is at least one group VIB metal; X is at least at least a metal compound selected from a non-noble Group VIII metal, a Group VIIIB metal, a Group VIB metal, a Group IVB metal, and a Group IIB metal (“Promoter Metal”); t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, X, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b).

Abstract: A hydroprocessing bulk catalyst is provided. A process to prepare hydroprocessing bulk catalysts is also provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Lu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h, wherein M is at least one group VIB metal; promoter metal L is optional and if present, L is at least one Group VIII non-noble metal; t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, L, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; 0=<b; and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b). The catalyst has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern with at least one broad diffraction peak at any of Bragg angles: 8 to 18°, 32 to 40°, and 55 to 65° (from 0 to 70° 2-? scale).

Abstract: A hydroprocessing catalyst is provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Xu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h, wherein M is at least one group VIB metal; X is at least one Group VIII non-noble metal; t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, X, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b). The catalyst has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern with at least one broad diffraction peak at any of Bragg angles: 8 to 18°, 32 to 40°, and 55 to 65° (from 0 to 70° 2-? scale). In one embodiment, the at least one diffraction peak is greater than 2 degrees wide at ½ height.

Abstract: An improved hydroprocessing catalyst having improved morphology/dispersion characteristics is provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Lu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h, wherein M is at least one group VIB metal; L is optional and if present, L is at least one Group VIII non-noble metal; t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, X, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; 0=<b and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b). The catalyst is prepared by a process in which at least a sulfur additive is added to the sulfidation process in forming the catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing bulk catalyst is provided. A process to prepare hydroprocessing bulk catalysts is also provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Lu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h, wherein M is at least one group VIB metal; L is optional and if present, L is at least one Group VIII non-noble metal; t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, L, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; 0=<b; and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b). The catalyst has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern with at least one broad diffraction peak at any of Bragg angles: 8 to 18°, 32 to 40°, and 55 to 65° (from 0 to 70° 2-? scale).

Abstract: This application discloses a process for decomposition of ammonium sulfates found in a stream comprising ammonium sulfate and slurry catalyst in oil. The ammonium sulfate is broken down into ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas. These gases have many uses throughout the refinery, including the preparation of slurry hydroprocessing catalyst.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to the preparation of a catalyst composition suitable for the hydroconversion of heavy oils. The catalyst composition is prepared by a series of steps, involving mixing a Group VIB metal oxide particularly molybdenum oxide and aqueous ammonia to form an aqueous mixture, and sulfiding the mixture to form a slurry. The slurry is then promoted with a Group VIII metal. Subsequent steps involve mixing the slurry with a hydrocarbon oil and combining the resulting mixture with hydrogen gas and a second hydrocarbon oil having a lower viscosity than the first oil. An active catalyst composition is thereby formed.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to the preparation of a slurry catalyst composition. The slurry catalyst composition is prepared in a series of steps, involving mixing a Group VIB metal oxide, particularly molybdenum and aqueous ammonia to form an aqueous mixture and sulfiding the mixture to form a slurry. The slurry is then promoted with a Group VIII metal. Subsequent steps involve mixing the slurry with a hydrocarbon oil, and combining the resulting mixture with hydrogen gas (under conditions which maintain the water in a liquid phase) to produce the active slurry catalyst.

Abstract: An entirely new class of catalysts called supported molten-metal catalysts, SMMC, which can replace some of the existing precious metal catalysts used in the production of fuels, commodity chemicals, and fine chemicals, as well as in combating pollution. SMMC are based on supporting ultra-thin films or micro-droplets of the relatively low-melting (<600° C.), inexpensive, and abundant metals and semimetals from groups 1, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16, of the periodic table, or their alloys and intermetallic compounds, on porous refractory supports, much like supported microcrystallites of the traditional solid metal catalysts. It thus provides orders of magnitude higher surface area than is obtainable in conventional reactors containing molten metals in pool form and also avoids corrosion. These have so far been the chief stumbling blocks in the application of molten metal catalysts.

Abstract: A one-step method and compositions for stabilization of heavy metals, acid gas removal and pH control in hazardous and toxic solid, semi-solid, liquid and/or gaseous matrices using a mixture of reactive agents in a single product, for the broader purpose of enhancing environmental pollution control, prevention and remediation are described. The product contains sulfonated calcium aluminum magnesium phosphate. This material may be used alone or in combination with magnesium sulfite and/or hydroboracite.

Abstract: A one-step method and compositions for stabilization of heavy metals, acid gas removal and pH control in hazardous and toxic solid, semi-solid, liquid and/or gaseous matrices using a mixture of reactive agents in a single product, for the broader purpose of enhancing environmental pollution control, prevention and remediation are described. The product contains sulfonated calcium aluminum magnesium phosphate. This material may be used alone or in combination with magnesium sulfite and/or hydroboracite.

Abstract: Large zeolite and zeolite-like molecular sieve crystals of from 3 to 500 .mu.m are fixed on moldings by a process in which an adhesion promoter is used or the moldings are softened.

Abstract: Scavenger compositions useful for purifying process gas streams, such as process gas streams, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, noble gases, diborane, and hydride gases from Groups IVA-VIA of the Periodic Table, such as arsine, phosphine, silane, germane, hydrogen selenide, and hydrogen telluride, and mixtures thereof, to remove water, oxygen, and other oxidant and Lewis acid impurities therefrom, such scavenger comprising a porous, high surface area inert support having thereon an active scavenging species, formed by the deposition on the support of a Group IA metal and pyrolysis thereof at a selected elevated temperature on said support.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing residual amounts of oxygen and water vapor from the controlled atmosphere of an enclosed chamber. A small volume of high-purity silicon is heated in a crucible placed inside the chamber. The silicon is typically heated with a power source separate from that used for heating the chamber and its primary contents. The heated silicon functions as an effective oxygen getter for removing residual oxygen and water vapor from the controlled atmosphere before and/or during a process conducted in the chamber. Heating the silicon to a molten state can induce beneficial convective stirring that keeps the silicon surface fresh for effective, efficient, and continuous capturing of oxygen.

Abstract: A new method for the use of microcrystallites of various materials as catalysts. The materials include metals, metal alloys and mixtures, and intermetallic compounds all of which are used as heterogeneous catalysts on porous supports. The method is different in that the microcrystallites are dispersed in molten salts which are to be used as a thin film coated on the internal surface of porous supports.