Abstract: An aircraft comprises a fuselage and an aft wall of a lavatory monument within the fuselage and extending radially inwardly relative to the fuselage. The aft wall is removably connected to an outboard wall, a ceiling, and a floor of the lavatory monument.

Abstract: A flush mount masonry veneer anchor for mounting on an exterior wall and tying a masonry veneer to the exterior wall, the masonry veneer anchor comprising an anchoring portion with anchor holes to receive a suitable fastener to attach the anchoring portion to an exterior surface of the exterior wall and a tie wire holding portion extending perpendicularly from the anchoring portion, the tie wire holding portion having one end connected to the anchoring portion and having a slot in an opposite end for holding a tie wire for tying the masonry veneer to the exterior wall, the anchor holes being in line with the tie wire holding portion to transfer extrusion and compression loads exerted on the tie wire holding portion directly through fasteners in the anchor holes to the exterior wall without an offset of a plane of the transfer of the forces.

Abstract: An elevated building surface assembly including a plurality of surface tiles, a plurality of support pedestals disposed in spaced-apart relation on a fixed surface and having a support plate with a top surface operatively supporting the surface tiles in horizontally spaced-apart relation, and a plurality of elongate restraining members configured to restrict movement of the surface tile(s) in directions away from first and second adjacent support pedestals and/or relative to one or more adjacent surface tiles to advantageously limit movement or displacement of the surface tile(s) that may otherwise occur due to uplift forces (e.g., generated by winds and/or the like).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a decorative remaining formwork formed by combining a plurality of single frame plates defined by 3 or more edges comprising one edge arranged horizontally and at least one inclined edge inclined with respect to the horizontal edge; arranging the single frame plates so as to form a predetermined gap in a joint-shape between respective edges of the single frame plates adjacent each other; and having a back plate on a concrete casting surface, the back plate covering the predetermined gap in a longitudinal direction, and being fixed to the single frame plate to connect the single frame plates adjacent each other, and a cross-sectional shape in a width direction of the back plate being formed into a shape enlarged from a contact surface with respect to the single frame plate toward an opposed surface with respect to the contact surface.

Abstract: A construction form system for forming concrete walls for use as above grade walls, foundations, frost walls, exterior envelopes, and the like, is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of pairs of opposing vertical forming panels spaced from each other to define a forming cavity disposed to receive a hardenable material. Each pair of opposing forming panels comprises an inner panel forming part of an inner wall and an outer panel forming part of an outer wall. The system also includes an outer rail positioned between each adjacent pair of outer forming panels and an inner rail positioned between each adjacent pair of inner forming panels. The inner forming panels comprise support panels configured to be selectively addable and removable from between each adjacent pair of inner rails prior to and subsequent to a pouring of the hardenable material into the cavity.

Abstract: A system for the placement of modular fill material forming co-joined assemblies that promotes increased efficiency in fill material building methods by utilizing the capabilities of aerial conveyance devices, the pre-assembly of forms, the rapid bracing of forms, and the sequential placement of enclosure forms.

Abstract: A system for the placement of modular fill material forming co joined assemblies that promotes increased efficiency in fill material building methods by utilizing the capabilities of aerial conveyance devices, the pre-assembly of forms, the rapid bracing of forms, and the sequential placement of enclosure forms.

Abstract: A precast composite flooring system utilizes girders and floor panels having steel lower structures placed in tension and concrete upper structures places in compression. Openings through a stem wall allow ducts, pipes, and conduits to be run therethrough. The system provides reduced weight over conventional precast or pour in place systems, allowing further reduction in the weight and size of other building components. The floor deck does not use tensioning strands, allowing openings to be formed at nearly any stage of construction and with reduced concern over cutting steel reinforcement. The floor panels and girders bolt together and bolt to a steel column frame, allowing for more efficient assembly.

Abstract: A system and method of constructing a composite floor system having increased shear transfer between a slab and support members of the system is described. The composite floor system may include any combination of the following elements: a support member, a reinforcing member, a transfer member, a decking material, a fastener, and/or a slab. The transfer member may be connected to the support member.

Abstract: A stackable insulated unit for wall construction for forming a self-supporting wall structure consists of two side wooden planks spaced apart and secured to one another with an intermediate insulating layer bonded thereto, and a plurality of stud longitudinal sections transversely extending through the insulating layer and being secured thereby. The insulating layer ensures structural integrity of the stackable unit. The stud sections are preferably spaced from at least one of the side planks. The invention also includes the method of fabrication of stackable unit.

Abstract: A thin brick system and method for forming a thin brick wall includes a matrix in which channels are formed for receiving a plurality of thin brick units. The thin brick units are bonded to the matrix using mortar and the same mortar can be used to fill spaces between adjacent bricks. The matrix may be attached to a substrate using fasteners. The channels can be formed in the matrix on-site.

Abstract: A support panel comprising a plate including a face, at least one row of support tabs and at least one row of L-shaped fingers. The at least one row of L-shaped fingers are located above at least one of the at least one row of support tabs. The L-shaped fingers include a first portion and a second portion defining the L-shape of the L-shaped fingers. A tile can be placed on at least one of the tabs and maintained in position by the second portion of at least one of the L-shaped fingers. Alternatively, the plate could include at least one row of upwardly and outwardly angled tongues for insertion into at least one angled slot in a rear face of a tile to maintain the tiles in position adjacent a front of the plate.

Abstract: The structural panel assembly structure has a rigid, substantially plane panel and at least one one-piece attachment part, produced by moulding, glued to the panel. The attachment part has a first plane face including a recess that can receive a glue and rims intended to retain the glue around the recess and at least one opening. A bar is fastened to the first plane face. The materials of the attachment part and the panel are composite materials and the bar has a metal insert that is inserted when moulding the attachment part and is intended to be threaded.

Abstract: An alignment tool, for aligning masonry structures, includes at least one pair of upright guides arranged on one side of the alignment tool for centering masonry materials such as blocks or bricks. In a first embodiment for use with laying bricks, other uprights are provided on an opposite sides of the alignment tool for aligning a center of a brick over or under a mortar joint and an additional pair of uprights are provided on one end of the alignment tool. In a second embodiment, an upright is provided along a central rib of the alignment tool for insertion into a hole in a brick. Method steps for using the tool are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a manufactured stone comprising a body and an insulating core. The body has a base, an exterior portion and an interlocking mechanism. The exterior portion has an aesthetic face. The interlocking mechanism is adapted to interlock with another similar manufactured stone. The insulating core is at least partly imbedded in the body. The insulating core has a thickness sufficient to provide the body with an R-value of at least R8. The manufactured stone may also be made with a mid portion placed between the base and the exterior portion. The mid portion is recessed both from the base and the exterior portion. In that case, the R-value may be less than R8. The invention also discloses a wall structure comprising, from an interior to an exterior, a wall framing, a sheathing material and a plurality of manufactured stones. The wall framing is made of a plurality of wall studs. The wall studs are placed at a distance from each other so as to define insulating spaces in between them.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing reinforced wall panels and reinforced roof panels and using the pre-manufactured reinforced wall and roof panels in the construction of a building structure at a building site. The reinforced wall and roof panels are molded using a molding medium consisting of two part polyurethane which is mixed with Portland cement. Reinforcing members and exterior weather resistant materials are placed within a mold and the mold is filled with the molding medium by injection or by pouring. The filled mold is then placed within a press to ensure against expansion by internal pressure caused by curing of the molding medium, thus ensuring dimensional accuracy of the finished panel. After hardening of the molding medium, the mold is removed from the press, opened and the finished panel is removed from the mold and is stored until the molding medium has completely cured. The reinforcing members and weather resistant material constitute integral components of the building panel structure.

Abstract: A concrete form comprises cross members, plywood, and metal studs. The studs include a front wall, a rear wall, and a pair of side walls, the walls arranged to form a generally rectangular cross-section. A pair of inner walls extends between and perpendicular to the pair of side walls. A pair of flanges extends from the side walls. The flanges are aligned with each other and positioned between the front wall and the pair of inner walls. A portion of each stud is adapted for complementary engagement with the cross members. The cross members are attached to at least one of the inner walls and the flanges of the cut portion of the studs, and the plywood is mounted to the rear wall.

Abstract: A brick veneer assembly having improved accommodation of brick tolerances, simple assembly, and lower cost relative to the prior art. A plurality of bricks having a tapered locating surface are provided. A support panel includes horizontal rows of L-shaped retainers and corresponding rows of holes. Each L-shaped retainer further includes a leg portion extending away from the support panel, and a foot portion that depends downwardly away from the leg portion.

Abstract: The present invention resides in a structure which is particularly advantageous for the manufacture of prefabricated buildings. The structure uses a uniquely formulated exterior wall panel that is bonded to a frame of support members. A connecting member may be used to accommodate support members having a wide variety of cross-sectional shapes. The structure may have a unique cementitious composition that allows it to be fire and insect resistant and generally impervious to moisture.

Abstract: Resilient and flexible grout seal strips for sealing off a space formed between the bottom of a concrete panel and a support beam on which the panels are supported, concrete panels, decks, and support beams having resilient and flexible grout seals and methods for fabricating such panels, beams and decks are disclosed. The grout seal strips have a first longitudinal edge adapted to be anchored on either the bottom of a precast panel or the top of a support beam adjacent the respective side edge thereof and extend substantially the length thereof, and have an opposed second longitudinal edge with a wide sealing portion therebetween adapted to engage the other of the panel bottom or the beam top adjacent the respective side edge thereof and form a sealing relation therewith.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sheet of articulated masonry-like units (SAMU) and a method for producing the same. The method comprises obtaining masonry-like units prepared from one or more hardening materials; placing said masonry-like units into an articulating structure; interconnecting the masonry-like units to each other using a mesh-adhesive thereby generating a SAMU. Kits for preparing such sheets and methods of installing the same are also provided.

Abstract: Resilient grout seal strips for sealing off a space formed between the bottom of a concrete panel and a support beam on which the panels are supported, concrete panels, decks, and support beams having resilient grout seals and methods for fabricating such panels, beams and decks are disclosed. The resilient seal strips have a first longitudinal edge adapted to be anchored on either the bottom of a precast panel or the top of a support beam adjacent the respective side edge thereof and extend substantially the length thereof, and have an opposed second longitudinal edge with a wide sealing portion therebetween adapted to engage the other of the panel bottom or the beam top adjacent the respective side edge thereof and form a sealing relation therewith.

Abstract: A support panel for supporting external wall forming members such as bricks to form an external wall of a building structure. External wall forming members have elongated lateral extensions projecting on the side surfaces thereof. The support panel has a back plate and rows of engaging members with bent fingers arranged such that the external wall forming members can be inserted between two adjacent rows of engaging members and the lateral extensions are covered by the fingers. The support panel can be fabricated by pressing or bending a flat sheet metal, and the engaging members are integral with the back plate. Therefore, the support panel can be easily applied to a wall of a building structure and the external wall forming members can be easily laid to complete an external wall.

Abstract: The present invention resides in a wall unit and formulation which is particularly advantageous for the manufacture of prefabricated buildings. The wall unit uses a uniquely formulated exterior wall panel that is bonded to a frame of tri-chord steel beams. The unique cementitious composition of the wall unit allows it to be fire and insect resistant and generally impervious to moisture.

Abstract: A horizontal diaphragm for the generation of floor and roof structures includes a plurality of construction units arranged in rows and integrated joists by clip ties, wherein a load transferring material fills spaces between adjacent construction units in a row, both transversely and longitudinally. Each construction unit includes a lip projecting toward an adjacent unit in the row and defining with the other construction unit a space for receiving the filler material. The clip ties are anchored in the joists and are movable from a position obstructing the placement of additional construction units on the joists to a position integrating the previous construction unit with the joists. The joists comprise U-shaped troughs filled with grout in which the clip ties are anchored at spaced locations. The structure defining the trough can be monolithic or can comprise a plurality of discrete units placed in alignment and connected by reinforcing bars.

Abstract: An apparatus for retaining building blocks, such as bricks and cement blocks, to a wall structure to form a suitable veneer, without the use of mortar or other binding agent between the blocks. The apparatus is also suitable for use as a brick laying guide in the construction of conventionally mortar and brick wall. The apparatus comprises a base plate attached to the wall structure by nailing, screwing, or other like means. Attached to the base plate and extending generally perpendicularly outward are at least two retainer arms, the inner faces of said arms opposing one another and forming a retaining space therebetween for closely receiving the building block. Each of the arms further comprises at least one prong extending into said retaining space.

Abstract: An insulated concrete form for forming an insulated poured concrete wall, having an inside surface and an outside surface. The outside surface is held in a spaced-apart parallel relationship with the inside surface by a plurality of tie members attached perpendicularly to both the inside and outside surfaces. The inside surface is a single-sided conventional concrete formwork comprising a plurality of plywood boards having each a plurality of latch members for respectively engaging with a first end of each of the tie members. The outside surface comprises a plurality of juxtaposed insulating foam panels and a plurality of elongated vertically aligned connecting members, having each an I-shaped portion respectively enclosing two adjacent edges of a bordering pair of the juxtaposed insulating panels.

Abstract: A brick veneer anchor for use in the construction of wall structures is described. The anchor has an L-shaped plate for attachment to a dry wall installation. The L-shaped plate attaches to the outer surface of the inner wythe and has a portion thereof extending beyond an insulative layer into and terminating within the cavity between the inner and outer wythes. An elongated slot in the dry wall anchor accepts a bent stay with one end interlocking with the elongated slot portion and the other end embedded within the outer wythe. The bent stay has a T-head portion with a length greater than the longitudinal axis of the slot. The bent stay also has a neck portion attached to T-head portion which forms shoulders on either side of the T-head portion. The dry wall anchor, upon attachment to the inner wythe, has one end of the bent stay inserted into the elongated slot and the other end of the bent stay embedded in the outer wythe.

Abstract: A veneer wall consisting of a plurality of masonry units held together by conventional vertical and horizontal mortar joints. A plurality of straight horizontal tie members with opposite ends and a center portion have one end thereof embedded in one of the mortar joints to cause the tie members to extend horizontally outwardly with respect to the veneer wall. Insulation panels having inner and outer sides extend in spaced parallel relation to the veneer wall with the panels being secured to the outer ends of the tie members. A solid poured-in-place concrete wall fills the space between the insulation panels and the veneer wall and embed the tie members. A rigid stud wall of conventional constructions is imposed on the outer side of the insulation panel.

Abstract: A brick tie for anchoring a brick wall to a vertical channel-shaped member open on one side and to which a drywall has already been secured. The brick tie has a first part with a body portion insertable into the channel-shaped member through the open side thereof and wedgeable therein, and a second part attachable to the first part and positionable between adjacent bricks as the wall is being constructed, with one of the parts passing through the drywall.

Abstract: A composite masonary wall structure is formed of inner and outer wall panels stacked and formed on either side of a reinforcing framework formed in a vertical aligned position. Novel cross-tie brackets are provided to secure the upper edges of each panel in proper position equidistant on either side of the reinforcing frame work and tied securely to this framwork. A hardenable or expandable bonding filler material is introduced into the cavity formed between the panels and reinforcing framework structure to bond the panels and framework securely into a homogeneous structure. The cross-tie brackets allow precise positioning of the wall panels with respect to the framework and securely ties the structure together allowing for rapid construction of a composite masonary wall.

Abstract: The disclosed concrete masonry blocks are used as part of an interior wall by mounting the blocks between the studs and wall board. The concrete masonry blocks provide thermal storage capabilities. Preferred configurations of blocks are provided whereby electrical junction boxes, cables, etc., may installed within the stud wall frame end and wallboard. The blocks are preferably provided with normal thickness portions and reduced thickness ends with the latter defining a recess with the normal thickness portion enabling mounting of electrical junction boxes to a stud adjacent the block. In a preferred configuration, grooves formed within the reduced thickness portion adjacent the normal thickness portion of the block act as a score line enabling fracture of a part of the reduced thickness portion by application of external force thereto to enable a pair of electrical junction boxes to be mounted elevationally adjacent each other to a stud.

Abstract: A highly sound insulating clay tile for the construction of floors has an outer substantially parallelepiped shape with symmetrical, laterally projecting portions for the support of each tile by reinforced concrete floor beams. Each tile comprises a peripheral wall having a substantially uniform thickness. Extending from this peripheral wall toward the inside of the tile are a plurality of very short vertical and horizontal partitions. The plurality of horizontal and vertical partitions are combined with other horizontal and obliquely inclined partitions for defining two main longitudinal cavities having a polygonal or circular cross section. The main cavities are symmetrically positioned with respect to a vertical center plane, and the cross-sectional area of the main cavities comprises a major portion of the cross-sectional area of each tile.

Abstract: Certain types of interior concrete masonry block and stud wall constructions, and blocks for making the same, so as to provide improved thermal storage properties, improved heating and cooling and other advantages are disclosed. A preferred embodiment relates to modification of conventional interior lightweight stud wall construction systems which are in wide spread use and typically comprise lumber or steel stud framing covered by wall board with or without insulation installed within the wall. In such embodiment disclosed concrete masonry blocks are used as part of the wall by mounting the blocks between the studs and wall board. The concrete masonry blocks provide thermal storage capabilities so that the walls thus constructed store heat whereby temperature swings are attenuated and heating and/or cooling cycles are spaced at longer intervals to achieve more comfortable temperature conditions with resultant energy savings also.

Abstract: An improved prefabricated building panel for mounting on the exterior of a building including a plurality of spaced, parallel support members or studs preferably formed by metal channels. A five strand layer wire mesh formed by a plurality of interwoven wires arranged at right angles to each other is attached to the support members and spaced therefrom by a plurality of spacers. The wire mesh is encapsulated with cement to form a ferrocement panel and decorative facing tile are secured to an outer face of the ferrocement panel by a layer of grouting. The ferrocement panel provides the structural load bearing component for the prefabricated panel for supporting the facing tile and eliminates the need for a separate substrate which heretofore spanned the support members and provided the structural support. The invention also includes the method steps for forming such a prefabricated panel.

Abstract: A novel anchor system is provided for connecting backup studs and backup wall systems to veneers such as brick work and the like. The novel anchor system includes an elongated anchor channel for affixation to a backup stud. This arrangement stiffens the combined stud and channel against bending. An anchor tie, connected to the channel, extends for connection to the veneer. When assembled, the stud, the elongate channel, the anchor tie, and the veneer together have a resistance to wind loads and bending which exceeds the sum of the parts.

Abstract: A curtain-wall masonry veneer anchor system provides tolerances for accommodating installation misalignment and similarly for accommodating in-service load stresses while at the same time preventing loosening in service, even when installed through sheathing/or insulation covering wall structure to which the system is affixed, such as a masonry wall or metal stud or structural steel.

Abstract: A masonry veneer wall anchor formed of an integral metal form preformed as an L-shaped bar has one leg overlying a building frame member for attachment thereto and has an outstanding leg with slotted holes formed therein in selected spaced relation through which a tying member may be inserted for vertical adjustment, the tying member engaging the edges of the slot to provide improved resistance to compressive as well as pulling forces, thereby maximizing functional effectiveness.

Abstract: A mobile home ceiling unit and a method for manufacturing said unit are disclosed. The mobile home ceiling unit comprises an arranged plurality of panels fastened to a roof frame. The roof frame has an outer truss member at opposite ends and a multiplicity of intermediate truss members therebetween. Intermediate truss members being rigidly affixed to the panels by means of back fasteners and adhesive material. The roof frame additionally provides perimeter side edge rails. The side edge rails and outer truss members are fastened to the panels by means of front face fasteners along the perimeter of the front face surface of the panel arrangement. The front face surface perimeter of the ceiling unit is adapted to supportively coact along support wall means. The ceiling unit provides a concealed back fastened ceiling structure having unitized construction. A method for making said unitized, ready-to-install, mobile home ceiling structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: A laminating clip for temporarily holding adjacent wallboards having first and second sides against a base member with said first sides facing toward the base member including a first portion for attachment to the base member, a second portion attached to the first portion for extending through the seam between the wallboards and beyond the second sides, a retaining member mountable on the second portion for holding said wallboards against the base member while adhesive between said first sides and said base member sets, and a weakened portion between the first and second portions concealed by the second sides, which permits the second portion to be severed from the first portion by manipulating the second portion lengthwise of the seam to remove the second portion from the first portion to thereby remove all visible portions of the clip. A stud stiffener portion may be formed with the first portion of the clip to stiffen the leg of a metal stud in the event the latter constitutes the base member.

Abstract: A temporary holding of wallboard against studs with adhesive therebetween, while the adhesive sets, involving an elongate semirigid rod removably affixed at one end to the stud, the other end projecting out from between the edges of two adjacent wallboards, and a retainer plate engaging the flexible rod and pressing the wallboards against the stud, the engagement of the plate with the rod being such that the rod prevents the plate from moving away from the wallboard until removal is desired.

Abstract: In the production of a wall element being, on its one side, provided with wall-tiles of brick or other suitable wall-facing material, said tiles being rectangular and bedded on the wall element in rows with joint spacing, the method comprising placing the wall element horizontally with the side intended for the tiles facing upwards. This upper side is covered with a layer of mortar for bedding the tiles, after which the tiles are pressed down into the mortar in rows with joint spacing, in such a manner that mortar is forced up laterally of the tiles and fills the joint between the tiles.A wall-tile of brick or other suitable wall-facing material, which is rectangular and intended to be bedded by means of mortar, together with other such tiles, in rows with joint spacing on a prefabricated wall element, and is substantially U-shaped in cross-section. The front face of the tile defines the outer face of the web, while the outer sides of the legs consist of one pair of the opposing sides of the tile.

Abstract: An improved method of concrete building slab construction comprising positioning a precast base portion having longitudinally extending bridge-type reinforcing units or joists pre-stressed in place therein, with the reinforcing units being transversely stiffened on precast concrete wall panels having vertical voids and covering the slabs with concrete during final pouring operations at the building site wherein the concrete enters the vertical voids.

Abstract: Panel constructions comprising wall or ceiling panels of, for example, fire resistive material such as gypsum board wherein at least one of the lateral edges of one panel has secured thereto a female mounting member and at least one opposed lateral edge of a second panel has secured thereto a male mounting member. The female mounting member has opposed flanges which receive therebetween opposed surfaces adjacent the lateral edge of the panel and is provided with a central elongate channel for making engagement with a like panel to which has been secured the male mounting member. The male mounting member also comprises a channel-like member secured along the edge wherein opposed flanges receive an intermediate portion of the panel and wherein a protuberance or projecting tongue is received in nesting relationship in the channel of the female member. A covering of vinyl or other decorative material, textured paint or other finish is applied to one surface of each of the panels.

Abstract: A method of making a building panel and the panel made by the steps which include laying a mold form horizontally, laying bricks in the pattern indicated in the mold form and depositing a fibrous and cementitious mixture in the spaces between the bricks and over the tops of the bricks. Providing a reinforcing lattice work and forcing it into the still soft cementitious mixture. Subsequently, a resin insulating material is foamed in situ in the mold cavities formed between the elements of the lattice work. Optionally, a smooth finish coat of material may be troweled or sprayed over the insulation material.

Abstract: A fireproof insulated roofing sandwich type assembly having incombustible rigid gypsum formboard beneath and toward the interior of a building from a layer of synthetic polymer foam placed above to the exterior of the building from the rigid formboard and a waterproof wearing surface to the exterior of the synthetic polymer foam. The roofing assemblies of this invention provide Class 1 and hourly fire ratings to precast wood fiber cement-bonded boards. The roofing assembly of this invention is also suitable for installation over steel roof decks.

Abstract: A method for making a building panel and the panel made by the steps which include laying a mold form horizontally, laying bricks in the pattern indicated in the mold form and depositing a fibrous and cementitious mixture in the spaces between the bricks and over the tops of the bricks. Providing a reinforcing lattice work and forcing it into the still soft cementitious mixture. Subsequently, a resin insulating material is foamed in situ in the mold cavities formed between the elements of the lattice work. Optionally, a smooth finish coat of material may be troweled or sprayed over the insulation material.

Abstract: An insulated decking structure and method using a sheet metal structural shape as a purlin or sub-purlin which is symmetrical about a vertical bisecting plane and having a central vertical web, two legs projecting downwardly from the bottom of said web at an angle of about 45.degree. to 75.degree. to the horizontal, each leg having a substantially horizontal flange projecting outwardly at its lower extremity, and a stiffening member at the upper edge of the web.

Abstract: A building is quickly erected on the site, by preparing a footing below ground level, erecting at spaced apart distances around the footing a plurality of vertical pre-cast, combined foundation wall and side wall panels of U-cross section which have load bearing vertical side edge flanges and may include a parapet section and then welding infill panels containing windows and doors between the load bearing vertical, side edge, flanges of the panels. The vertical side flanges of the one piece foundation and side wall panels form reinforced colums and the space therebetween may be used as air ducts, pipe chases or the like.