Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for Rh(I) catalysts, methods of making alkenyl substituted arenes (e.g., allyl arene, vinyl arene, and the like), methods of making alkyl substituted arenes, and the like.

Abstract: Catalytic methods for synthesis of super linear alkenyl arenes and alkyl arenes are provided. The methods are capable of synthesizing super linear alkyl and alkenyl arenes from simple arene and olefin starting materials and with high selectivity for linear coupling. Methods are also provided for making a 2,6-dimethylnapthalene (DMN) or 2,6-methylethylnapthalene (MEN).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method including subjecting an organic stream comprising at least one oxygenate to hydrotreatment, whereby a hydrotreatment product comprising ethylbenzene is produced, wherein the organic stream is a product of a process for the production of propylene oxide; and separating an ethylbenzene product stream from the hydrotreatment product, to yield a residual stream.

Abstract: A process for the regeneration of a catalyst is presented. The catalyst is in a reactor for use in benzene alkylation, and periodically needs to be regenerated. The reactor is taken off-line, and a regenerant is passed through the reactor, producing an effluent stream. A portion of the effluent stream is recycled through the reactor without passing through a clean-up process.

Abstract: The process of producing an alkylbenzene compound from the alkylation of an aromatic compound with an acyclic monoolefin is an exothermic process. A process for maintaining a relatively constant temperature improves the process and allows for controlling the yields. The process includes recycling a compound through the reactor that is relatively inert, but will moderate the exotherm, while maintaining the 2-phenyl content of the final alkylbenzene product.

Abstract: This invention relates to an alkylating process for alkyl benzenes, including the steps of: a) an alkyl benzene and a first stream of alkylating agent being fed into a first reaction zone, contacting with a catalyst A, to produce a process stream I; b) the process stream I and a second stream of alkylating agent being fed into at least one second reaction zone, contacting with a catalyst B, to produce a process stream II; and c) the process stream II being fed into at least one third reaction zone, contacting with a catalyst C, to produce a process stream III containing an alkylate. The present alkylating process can improve the utilization efficiency of the alkylating agent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making styrene and/or ethylbenzene by reacting toluene with a C1 source over a catalyst in at least one radial reactor to form a product stream comprising styrene and/or ethylbenzene.

Abstract: A method for controlling the production of heavy compounds in the production of alpha-methyl styrene is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a first composition to a distillation column, said first composition comprising acetone, phenol, cumene and alpha-methyl styrene; refining the first composition in the distillation column to produce a second composition comprising at least 1 wt. % alpha-methyl styrene and at least one organic acid, wherein the second composition includes a higher weight percentage of alpha-methyl styrene than the first composition; and adding an amine to the second composition.

Abstract: A method for improving productivity and process stability in styrene monomer manufacturing system using a reaction system having multiple reactors connected in series, which can prevent destruction of the embedded catalyst and bending of a screen which supports catalyst and achieve homogeneous catalyst inactivation during the reaction by divergence of some portions of the feed containing steam and ethylbenzene and injection thereof into a certain point of the system.

Abstract: A method for the oxidative coupling of hydrocarbons, such as the oxidative coupling of methane to toluene, includes providing an oxidative catalyst inside a reactor, and carrying out the oxidative coupling reaction under a set of reaction conditions. The oxidative catalyst includes (A) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Lanthanoid group, Mg, Ca, and the elements of Group 4 of the periodic table (Ti, Zr, and Hf); (B) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements of Group 3 (including La and Ac) and Groups 5-15 of the periodic table; (C) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements Ca, Sr, and Ba; and (D) oxygen.

Abstract: A process for the coupling of hydrocarbons and utilizing the heat energy produced by the reaction is disclosed. In one embodiment the process can include reacting methane with oxygen to form a product stream containing ethane and further processing the ethane to ethylene in an existing ethylene production facility while using the heat energy produced by the reaction within the facility.

Abstract: A supported catalyst and process for dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon, the catalyst comprising a first component selected from the group consisting of tin, germanium, lead, indium, gallium, thallium, and compounds thereof; a second component selected from the group consisting of metals of Group 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements and compounds thereof, and a support comprising alumina in the gamma crystalline form. The catalysts are especially active and efficient when employed in concurrent flow in a dehydrogenation reactor having an average contact time between the hydrocarbon and catalyst of from 0.5 to 10 seconds.

Abstract: A method is described for preparing a molecular sieve-containing catalyst for use in a catalytic process conducted in a stirred tank reactor. The method comprises providing a mixture comprising a molecular sieve crystal and forming the mixture into catalyst particles having an average cross-sectional dimension of between about 0.01 mm and about 3.0 mm. The mixture may include a binder and the catalyst particles are then calcined to remove water therefrom and, after calcination and prior to loading the catalyst particles into a reactor for conducting the catalytic process, the catalyst particles are coated with a paraffin inert to the conditions employed in the catalytic process.

Abstract: The present invention is for a process for the alkylation of aromatic compounds, with a shape-selective zeolite catalyst. The process has reactors in series with C8+ aromatics being separated from the product stream effluents from each reactor before passing the reactor effluent to the next reactor with an additional input of methanol. The C8+ aromatics are separated into para-xylene and other C8+ aromatics. This process is applicable for toluene methylation having a molar excess of toluene:methanol. i.e., greater than 1:1, with a shape-selective catalyst of an aluminosilicate zeolite, such as ZSM-5 which has been modified with phosphorus, to produce para-xylene (p-xylene).

Abstract: What is described is a process for preparing organic compounds of the general formula (I) R—R???(I) by converting a corresponding compound of the general formula (II) R—X ??(II) in which X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine to an organomagnesium compound of the general formula (III) [M+]n[RmMgXkY1]??(III) wherein compounds of the formula (III) are reacted with a compound of the general formula (IV) characterized in that the reaction of (III) with (IV) is performed in the presence of a) catalytic amounts of an iron compound, based on the compound of the general formula (II), and optionally in the presence of b) a nitrogen-, oxygen- and/or phosphorus-containing additive in a catalytic or stoichiometric amount, based on the compound of the general formula (II).

Abstract: A method for the oxidative coupling of hydrocarbons, such as the oxidative coupling of methane to toluene, includes providing an oxidative catalyst inside a reactor, and carrying out the oxidative coupling reaction under a set of reaction conditions. The oxidative catalyst includes (A) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Lanthanoid group, Mg, Ca, and the elements of Group 4 of the periodic table (Ti, Zr, and Hf); (B) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements of Group 3 (including La and Ac) and Groups 5-15 of the periodic table; (C) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements Ca, Sr, and Ba; and (D) oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention provides a synthesis system that can synthesize aniline and/or styrene efficiently, a synthesis system that can synthesize butadiene (1,3-butadiene) efficiently, a rubber chemical for a tire which is synthesized from the aniline obtained by the synthesis system, a synthetic rubber for a tire which is synthesized from the styrene and/or butadiene obtained by the synthesis systems, and a pneumatic tire produced using the rubber chemical for a tire and/or the synthetic rubber for a tire. The present invention relates to a synthesis system for synthesizing aniline and/or styrene from an alcohol having two or more carbon atoms via an aromatic compound.

Abstract: A polymerizable ligand comprising, in one embodiment, a polyaromatic compound, with a terminal functional group, non-covalently bonded to the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes. This structure preserves the structural, mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical properties of the CNTs and ensures that an unhindered functional group is available to bond with an extended polymer matrix thereby resulting in an improved polymer-nanotube composite.

Abstract: A process for dehydrogenation of alkylaromatic hydrocarbon, including: contacting a reactant vapor stream, comprising an alkylaromatic hydrocarbon and steam and having a first steam to alkylaromatic hydrocarbon ratio, with a dehydrogenation catalyst to form a vapor phase effluent comprising a product hydrocarbon, the steam, and unreacted alkylaromatic hydrocarbon; feeding at least a portion of the effluent to a splitter to separate the product hydrocarbon from the unreacted alkylaromatic hydrocarbon; recovered from the splitter as bottoms and overheads fractions, respectively; recovering heat from a first portion of said overheads fraction by indirect heat exchange with a mixture comprising alkylaromatic hydrocarbon and water to at least partially condense said portion and to form an azeotropic vaporization product comprising alkylaromatic vapor and steam having a second steam to alkylaromatic hydrocarbon ratio; and combining the azeotropic vaporization product with additional alkylaromatic hydrocarbon and ad

Abstract: A cosmetic cold-wax depilatory composition is provided The depilatory composition comprises a hydrocarbon resin, from 50% to 99% by weight and a flexibilizer or plasticizer, from 0.5% to 10% by weight Methods of applying the composition to a strip of material for removal of hair without the need for heating are also provided.

Abstract: A process for making ethylbenzene and/or styrene by reacting toluene with methane in one or more microreactors is disclosed. In one embodiment a method of revamping an existing styrene production facility by adding one or more microreactors capable of reacting toluene with methane to produce a product stream comprising ethylbenzene and/or styrene is disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making styrene and/or ethylbenzene by reacting toluene with a C1 source over a catalyst in one or more reactors to form a product stream comprising styrene and/or ethylbenzene where the catalyst time on stream prior to regeneration is less than 1 hour.

Abstract: Methods for making and using a catalytic composition useful in the hydrocarbon conversion reactions. The catalytic composition is made from an alumina sol that is prepared by dispersing a hydrated alumina in an aqueous medium. The alumina sol is mixed with a boron-containing molecular sieve. Catalytic compositions prepared in this manner avoid the disadvantages of preparing alumina sols via the Heard process.

Abstract: A polymer compound comprising a repeating unit of the following formula (1) and having a polystyrene-reduced number average molecular weight of 1×103 to 1×108: [wherein, Ar1 and Ar2 represent an arylene group, divalent heterocyclic group or divalent aromatic amine group. Z1 represents —CR1?CR2— or —C?C—. Here, R1 and R2 represent a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, aryl group or the like. m and n represent 1 or 2. Rs and Rt represent a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or alkoxy group.].

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing unsaturated aliphatic compounds from a hydrocarbon feed stream by contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with an adsorbent comprising clay to produce a hydrocarbon effluent stream having a lower unsaturated aliphatic content relative to the hydrocarbon feed stream. The hydrocarbon feed stream comprises an aromatic compound, a nitrogen compound, and an unsaturated aliphatic compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing aryl-, heteroaryl- or alkenyl-substituted unsaturated hydrocarbons, containing: reacting aryl halides, heteroaryl halides or alkenyl halides with alkynes or alkenes in the presence of a palladium catalyst to obtain a crude product, and subsequently distillatively purifying the crude product in the presence of a compound having at least one NC?S group.

Abstract: A solid catalyst, such as a molecular sieve catalyst or solid acid catalyst, is supported by a binder, such as amorphous silica or alumina, wherein the binder is charged with metal ions to form an ion-modified binder. The ion-modified binder is capable of attachment to polar contaminants and inhibit their contact with the catalyst. The catalyst can be a zeolite and can be the catalyst for an alkylation reaction, such as the alkylation of benzene with ethylene.

Abstract: In the co-production of propylene oxide and styrene monomer, there is produced a sodium-containing heavy residue stream previously suitable only as a low grade fuel. In accordance with the invention, the heavy residue stream is mixed with a hydrocarbon and an aqueous acid, and the resulting mixture is separated into an aqueous sodium salt-containing slurry phase and an organic phase reduced in sodium.

Abstract: A method for the oxidative coupling of hydrocarbons includes providing an oxidative catalyst inside a reactor and carrying out the oxidative coupling reaction under a set of reaction conditions. The reactor surfaces that contact the reactants and products do not provide a significant detrimental catalyzing effect. In an embodiment the reactor contains an inert lining or a portion of the reactor inner surface is treated to reduce the detrimental catalytic effects. In an embodiment the reactor contains a lining that includes an oxidative catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making styrene and/or ethylbenzene by reacting toluene with a C1 source over a catalyst in one or more reactors to form a product stream comprising styrene and/or ethylbenzene where the catalyst time on stream prior to regeneration is less than 1 hour.

Abstract: New branched or star-branched styrene polymeric, telomeric, and monomeric product distributions, their preparation, their use as raw materials for bromination to produce flame retardants, the flame retardants themselves, and their use as flame retardants in various polymeric substrates are described.

Abstract: Methods of oxidative dehydrogenation are described. Surprisingly, Pd and Au alloys of Pt have been discovered to be superior for oxidative dehydrogenation in microchannels. Methods of forming these catalysts via an electroless plating methodology are also described. An apparatus design that minimizes heat transfer to the apparatus' exterior is also described.

Abstract: Styrene production processes and catalysts for use therein are described herein. The process generally includes providing a C1 source; contacting the C1 source with toluene in the presence of a catalyst disposed within a reactor to form a product stream including ethylbenzene, wherein the catalyst includes a nanocrystalline zeolite; and recovering the product stream from the reactor.

Abstract: A method is described for preparing a molecular sieve-containing catalyst for use in a catalytic process conducted in a stirred tank reactor. The method comprises providing a mixture comprising a molecular sieve crystal and forming the mixture into catalyst particles having an average cross-sectional dimension of between about 0.01 mm and about 3.0 mm. The mixture may include a binder and the catalyst particles are then calcined to remove water therefrom and, after calcination and prior to loading the catalyst particles into a reactor for conducting the catalytic process, the catalyst particles are coated with a paraffin inert to the conditions employed in the catalytic process.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a process for converting ethylbenzene to styrene, comprising: flowing a feed composition comprising ethylbenzene in at least one process microchannel in contact with at least one catalyst to dehydrogenate the ethylbenzene and form a product comprising styrene; exchanging heat between the process microchannel and at least one heat exchange channel in thermal contact with the process microchannel; and removing product from the process microchannel. Also disclosed is an apparatus comprising a process microchannel, a heat exchange channel, and a heat transfer wall positioned between the process microchannel and heat exchange channel wherein the heat transfer wall comprises a thermal resistance layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for decomposing a cumene hydroperoxide to produce phenol and acetone. The process utilizes a solid catalyst that can be non-layered or layered. The process includes: (1) introducing a process stream containing cumene hydroperoxide into a reaction vessel; (2) contacting the process stream with catalyst particles to form a process stream; and (3) withdrawing a portion of the product stream from the reactor and recovering phenol and acetone products.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new monomer and methods of using the monomer to fabricate robust polymer surface coatings with controlled thicknesses between 1 and 5 nanometers. The coatings are composed of a new material containing polymerized monomers of 4-vinylbenzenepropanethiol. The polymer surface coating may be applied to metal and silicon. The method includes exposing a metal substrate to a solution of the monomer in hexanes in order to deposit a monolayer of the monomer onto the metal surface. The substrate is then irradiated with ultraviolet radiation in order to graft a thin polymer coating onto the surface. The procedure can be repeated in order to control the thickness of the coating between about 1 nm and 5 nm. Alternatively, thermally initiated polymerization or deposition of partially oligomerized monomers onto the surface provides nanothin coatings with identical performance.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a new class of isomorphously metal-substituted aluminophosphate materials with high phase purity that are capable of performing selective Brönsted acid catalyzed chemical transformations, such as transforming alcohols to olefins, with high conversions and selectivities using mild conditions. Isomorphous substitutions of functional metal ions for both the aluminum ions and the phosphorous ions were successful in various AlPO structures, along with multiple metal substitutions into a single aluminum site and/or a phosphorous site. This invention can be used towards the catalytic conversion of hydroxylated compounds of linear and/or branched moiety with the possibility of being substituted to their respective hydrocarbon products, preferably light olefins containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, among other chemistries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts comprising at least one support and at least one layer applied to said support, said layer containing a) 20 to 95% by weight of at least one aluminum, silicon, titanium or magnesium oxide compound or a silicon carbide or a carbon support or mixtures thereof, and b) 5 to 50% by weight of at least one nanocarbon. The catalysts can be used to produce unsaturated hydrocarbons by means of the oxidative dehydrogenation of alkylaromatics, alkenes and alkanes in the gas phase.

Abstract: A method for the separation of hydrocarbon compounds utilizing a dividing wall distillation column is described. The dividing wall distillation column enables one or more side draw stream to be removed from the dividing wall distillation column in addition to an overhead stream and a bottoms stream.

Abstract: A polymerizable ligand comprising, in one embodiment, a polyaromatic compound, with a terminal functional group, non-covalently bonded to the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes. This structure preserves the structural, mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical properties of the CNTs and ensures that an unhindered functional group is available to bond with an extended polymer matrix thereby resulting in an improved polymer-nanotube composite.

Abstract: A method of performing a chemical reaction includes reacting a compound selected from the group consisting of an organohalide and an organo-pseudohalide, and a protected organoboronic acid represented by formula (I) in a reaction mixture: R1—B-T ??(I); where R1 represents an organic group, T represents a conformationally rigid protecting group, and B represents boron having sp3 hybridization. When unprotected, the corresponding organoboronic acid is unstable by the boronic acid neat stability test. The reaction mixture further includes a base having a pKB of at least 1 and a palladium catalyst. The method further includes forming a cross-coupled product in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for extracting styrene, having a polymerisation quality, from pyrolysis benzol fractions containing styrene by means of extractive distillation. The pyrolysis benzol fraction is separated in a separating wall column in a C8-core fraction, a C7 fraction and a C9+-fraction, the obtained C8-core fraction is subjected to selective hydrogenation of the phenylacetylene C8H6 which it contains. Subsequently, the obtained C8-fraction undergoes extractive-distillative separation in a styrene fraction and a fraction which is low in styrene.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel flame retardant monomers and polymers, wherein the flame retardant properties of the polymers are provided by functionality in pendant groups attached to a polymer backbone (as opposed to the polymer backbone itself possessing flame retardant properties. The present invention is also directed to methods of making such polymers and monomers, and articles of manufacture incorporating such monomers and polymers.

Abstract: A process for making ethylbenzene and/or styrene by reacting toluene with methane is disclosed. In one embodiment the process can include reacting toluene with methane to form a product stream comprising ethylbenzene and further processing the ethylbenzene to form styrene in an existing styrene production facility.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for accelerating the trans-cis isomerization of 1,2-diphenylethylene analogues by using photocatalyst. According to this invention, in the presence of polypyridyl platinum(II) complex with catalytic dosage, a solution containing trans-1,2-diphenylethylene analogues or mixture of cis- and trans-1,2-diphenylethylene analogues is irradiated by visible light to prepare product of cis-1,2-diphenylethylene analogues or product predominantly being cis-1,2-diphenylethylene analogues under inert gas atmosphere. This method has the advantages of fast reaction, high performance, easy separation of reaction system and recycle of the polypyridyl platinum (II) complexes.

Abstract: A process is described for producing an alkylaromatic compound in a multistage reaction system comprising at least first and second series-connected alkylation reaction zones each containing an alkylation catalyst. A first feed comprising an alkylatable aromatic compound and a second feed comprising an alkene and one or more alkanes are introduced into said first alkylation reaction zone. The operating conditions, e.g. temperature and pressure, of the first alkylation reaction zone are controlled effective to cause the alkylatable aromatic compound to be partly in the vapor phase and partly in the liquid phase, and the ratio of the volume of liquid to the volume of vapor of the feed in each zone to be from about 0.1 to about 10. The aromatic compound and the alkene of the feed are reacted in the presence of the alkylation catalyst to form an effluent comprising the alkylaromatic compound, unreacted alkylatable aromatic compound, any unreacted alkene and the alkane.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline styryl derivative represented by general formula (1): wherein R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, each represent a straight-chain or branched alkyl group, a straight-chain or branched alkoxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, F, —C(O)O(CH2)m—CH3, —C(O)—(CH2)m—CH3, or general formula (2); wherein R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; B represents —(CH2)m—, —(CH2)m—O—, —CO—O—(CH2)m—, —CO—O—(CH2)m—O—, —C6H4—CH2—O— or —CO—; and m represents an integer of 1 to 18. R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, each preferably represent a branched alkyl or alkoxy group represented by CH3—(CH2)x—CH(CH3)—(CH2)y—CH2— or CH3—(CH2)x—CH(CH3)—(CH2)y—CH2—O—, respectively, wherein x is an integer of 0 to 7, and y is an integer of 0 to 7. The styryl derivative is suitable for use as an organic semiconductor material.

Abstract: Spent benzene from a regeneration of a catalyst or solid sorbent in an alkylbenzene complex is subjected to a rough distillation and the benzene fraction from the rough distillation is used a at least a portion of the benzene for a unit operation in the alkylbenzene complex or is passed to a benzene distillation column in the crude alkylbenzene refining section. The processes of this invention can enhance the purity of the alkylbenzene product and can reduce energy consumption per unit of alkylbenzene product or can assist in debottlenecking the crude alkylbenzene refining section of the alkylbenzene complex.

Abstract: Integrated, energy efficient process for making detergent range alkylbenzenes, heavies coproduced during the alkylation of benzene with olefin using a solid, acidic catalyst are transalkylated. Spent benzene from regeneration of the solid, acidic catalyst used for alkylation provides at least about 50 percent of the benzene provided for the transalkylation. The integrated processes thus reduce the load on the benzene distillation assembly used in the alkylbenzene refining system.