Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for carrying out a chemical reaction in the presence of a ruthenium-carbene complex supported on silicon dioxide in a continuously operated reactor and also the use of corresponding supported catalysts in continuously operated reactors.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing a jet fuel composition from a feedstock comprising a natural oil. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock with a low-weight olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product. The methods further comprise hydrogenating the metathesized product under conditions sufficient to form a jet fuel composition.

Abstract: The invention features methods for producing isoprene from cultured cells wherein the cells in the stationary phase. The invention also provides compositions that include these cultured cells and/or increased amount of isoprene. The invention also provides for systems that include a non-flammable concentration of isoprene in the gas phase. Additionally, the invention provides isoprene compositions, such as compositions with increased amount of isoprene or increased purity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing substituted or unsubstituted 1,7-diolefins by hydrodimerizing non-cyclic olefins having at least two conjugated double bonds in the presence of a reducing agent and of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst used is a metal-carbene complex.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the selective dimerization of ethylene to but-1-ene using a catalytic composition comprising at least one organometallic titanium complex, said organometallic complex containing at least one alkoxy type ligand functionalized by a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulphur, arsenic and antimony or by an aromatic group.

Abstract: A method for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons to alkenes, such as n-pentene to piperylene and n-butane to butadiene at pressures less than atmospheric utilizing a dehydrogenation catalyst are disclosed. Embodiments involve operating the dehydrogenation reactor at a pressure of 1,000 mbar or less.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization of isoolefins, including: contacting an isoolefin with a solid catalyst composition passivated with at least one of an ether, an alcohol, and water; wherein the solid catalyst composition comprises at least one of a solid phosphoric acid catalyst and a resin of a macroporous matrix of polyvinyl aromatic compound crosslinked with a divinyl compound and having thereon from about 3 to 5 milli equivalents of sulfonic acid groups per gram of dry resin; and wherein at least 50% to less than 100% of acid groups in the solid catalyst composition are neutralized with a metal of Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, or mixtures thereof. The catalyst may be metalized prior to placement in a reactor or may be metalized in situ.

Abstract: A method of preparing multicomponent bismuth molybdate catalysts composed of four metal components and a method of preparing 1,3-butadiene using the catalyst, and particularly, to multicomponent bismuth molybdate catalysts composed of a divalent cationic metal, a trivalent cationic metal, bismuth and molybdenum, a preparation method thereof, and a method of preparing 1,3-butadiene from a C4 mixture including n-butene and n-butane using oxidative dehydrogenation are described.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of linear ?,?-diolefins from an allylic substrate comprises the steps of a) forming the bis-Grignard reagent XMgCH2(CH2)nCH2MgX from an ?,?-acyclic dihalide with X being a halogen; b) preparing a solution comprising an allylic substrate and a copper catalyst; c) catalyzing a coupling reaction by adding to the solution of step (b) the bis-Grignard reagent of step (a); and d) isolating and purifying the ?,?-olefin coupling reaction product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for carrying out a chemical reaction in the presence of a ruthenium-carbene complex supported on silicon dioxide in a continuously operated reactor and also the use of corresponding supported catalysts in continuously operated reactors.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be an apparatus for isomerizing a hydrocarbon stream rich in a C4 hydrocarbon and/or at least one of a C5 and C6 hydrocarbon. The apparatus can include: a first drier and a second drier adapted to receive a fluid including at least one reactant; and a reaction zone communicating with the first drier to receive the fluid including at least one reactant and with the second drier to receive the regenerant. Generally, the first drier operates at a first condition to dry the fluid including at least one reactant and the second drier operates at a second condition during regeneration with a regenerant. The regenerant is displaced from the drier using a down-flow regenerant displacement assembly.

Abstract: To provide a method of rapid methylation of alkenes, which is applicable to the preparation of a PET tracer and which enables alkenes to be methylated through cross coupling between SP2 (alkenyl) and SP3 (alkyl) carbon atoms rapidly and in a high yield. Methyl iodide and an alkenyltrialkylstannane are subjected to cross coupling in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of a palladium complex having a valence of 0, a phosphine ligand, a cuprous halide, and a carbonate and/or alkali metal fluoride.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the selective dimerization of ethylene to but-1-ene using a catalytic composition comprising at least one organometallic titanium complex, said organometallic complex containing at least one alkoxy type ligand functionalized by a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulphur, arsenic and antimony or by an aromatic group.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis, more particularly, to tri- or tetra-substituted imidazolinium salts which are precursors to N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with tri- or tetra-substituted imidazolinium rings, organometallic ruthenium complexes comprising gem di-substituted imidazolinium NHC ligands, organometallic ruthenium complexes comprising tri- or tetra-substituted imidazolinium NHC ligands, and to olefin metathesis methods using them. The catalysts and methods of the invention have utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, and industrial chemistry.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of linear ?,?-diolefins from an allylic substrate comprises the steps of a) forming the bis-Grignard reagent XMgCH2(CH2)nCH2MgX from an ?,?-acyclic dihalide with X being a halogen; b) preparing a solution comprising an allylic substrate and a copper catalyst; c) catalyzing a coupling reaction by adding to the solution of step (b) the bis-Grignard reagent of step (a); and d) isolating and purifying the ?,?-olefin coupling reaction product.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization of isoolefins, including: contacting an isoolefin with a solid catalyst composition passivated with at least one of an ether, an alcohol, and water; wherein the solid catalyst composition comprises at least one of a solid phosphoric acid catalyst and a resin of a macroporous matrix of polyvinyl aromatic compound crosslinked with a divinyl compound and having thereon from about 3 to 5 milli equivalents of sulfonic acid groups per gram of dry resin; and wherein at least 50% to less than 100% of acid groups in the solid catalyst composition are neutralized with a metal of Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, or mixtures thereof. The catalyst may be metalized prior to placement in a reactor or may be metalized in situ.

Abstract: This invention relates to olefin metathesis catalysts general formula (I): having a thiazol-2-ylidene ligand of general formula (II): The catalysts have been found to be particularly good initiators of (a) ring-closing metathesis reactions used to prepare tetra-substituted cyclic olefins, and (b) cross-metathesis reactions used to prepare tri-substituted and di-substituted olefins.

Abstract: Process for telomerizing noncyclic olefins having at least two conjugated double bonds with at least one nucleophile using a catalyst containing a metal of group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, wherein hydrogen is added via a hydrogen source to the process in at least one process step in the overall telomerization process.

Abstract: A method for treating a hydrocarbon solvent, the method comprising continuously introducing a hydrocarbon solvent to a liquid medium containing hydrogen ions; allowing the hydrocarbon solvent to be in contact with the liquid medium for at least 1 minute; continuously removing hydrocarbon solvent from the liquid medium to provide a treated hydrocarbon solvent stream.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for preparing allicin which comprises the following steps: (a) mechanically treating a natural source of alliinase to release alliinase therefrom; (b) contacting the mechanically treated alliinase source with an aqueous solution of allicin containing alliin at a concentration greater than that found in raw garlic, whereby the alliin is enzymatically converted to allicin by the alliinase released from the alliinase source; and optionally (c) extracting the resultant allicin into a low boiling point non-polar organic solvent.

Abstract: A process is described for obtaining from an “FCC” initial C5 fraction which is enriched with isoprene and purified and usable for the selective polymerization of isoprene. A process is also described for obtaining an isoprene homopolymer from a polymerization medium comprising isoprene and at least one methyl butene, such as said “FCC” C5 fraction which is enriched with isoprene and purified. The process of obtaining the final fraction from the initial C5 fraction includes: a catalytic hydrogenation reaction of said initial C5 fraction by a palladium-based catalyst, which produces an intermediate C5 fraction comprising n-pentenes in a mass ratio which is less than 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 1-octene by telomerization of 1,3-butadiene using a reducing agent in the presence of a telomerization catalyst and partial hydrogenation of the octadiene obtained in this way.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the arylation of olefins by reaction of haloaromatics or arylsulfonates with olefins in the presence of a palladium catalyst, a bulky nitrogen base and a salt.

Abstract: A process for making a lube base stock wherein an olefinic feedstock is contacted with an oligomerization catalyst in a catalytic distillation unit to produce a product having a higher number average molecular weight than the olefinic feedstock. That product is separated zone in the catalytic distillation unit into a light byproduct fraction and a heavy product fraction that includes hydrocarbons in a lube base stock range.

Abstract: Process for the telomerization of a conjugated diene,

Abstract: For the production of a diene a process in three stages comprises a stage a) for decomposition of at least one tertiary alkyl ether in a mixture that contains at least one tertiary olefin, at least one alcohol and at least one residual ether, in the presence of a catalyst that comprises at least one mineral solid that is grafted by at least one organic group such as alkyl sulfonic acid, sulfonic aryl and/or sulfonic alkylaryl, a stage b) for purification of the olefin that is obtained in stage a), and a stage c) for oxidizing dehydrogenation of the tertiary olefin that is obtained in stage b) in the presence of a catalyst under conditions for obtaining a diene.

Abstract: For the production of a diene a process in three stages comprises

Abstract: A process for producing methylacetylene and propadiene in a reaction zone which is elongate in one direction (one axis) comprises a heating zone and a cooling zone following said heating zone, in which a gas mixture comprising at least one hydrocarbon containing at least three carbon atoms e.g. propane and/or propylene from stream cracking, and at least one diluent is circulated in the heating zone, under super-atmospheric pressure, in a flow direction substantially parallel to the direction (to the axis) of the heating zone, wherein the heating zone comprises at least one preheating zone in which the temperature of said gas mixture increases by about 50° C. to 120° C. per {fraction (1/10)} of the length of the heating zone, at least one pyrolysis zone for the feed in which the temperature rises by about 20° C. to 50° C. per {fraction (1/10)} of the length of the heating zone and at least one methylacetylene-propadiene formation zone in which the temperature climbs by about 70° C.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of chemical industrial feedstock and high-octane fuel, wherein calcium phosphate which is controlled in the molar Ca/P ratio and/or one which contains an activating metal (M) at a molar (Ca+M)/P ratio of 1 to 2 is used as the catalyst and ethanol is used as the feedstock.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation and oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, in particular ethylbenzene, to form corresponding oxidized or olefinically unsaturated compounds, in particular styrene, over an oxygen-conferring, oxygen-regenerable catalyst involving a working period, a time-displaced regenerating period and at least one intermediate rinsing period comprises effecting a partial regeneration during the working period by time-displaced addition of a substoichiometric amount of oxygen.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## where R is a solid support; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, or phenyl, and where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can be the same or different, for use in solid-phase synthesis.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for skeletal isomerization of C.sub.4-5 olefins. The method includes contacting in a FCC zone, at FCC conditions, an n-C.sub.4-5 olefins-containing etherification zone raffinate, with an FCC catalyst, where at least a portion of the n-C.sub.4-5 olefins in the n-C.sub.4-5 olefins-containing etherification zone raffinate are converted to iso-C.sub.4-5 olefins.

Abstract: An alkene skeletal isomerization process is employed in an integrated process for the production of tertiary ether, e.g., tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) from the reaction of isoamylenes (iC.sub.5.sup.= 's) with methanol in the presence of an acid cation exchange resin. A light naphtha from a fluid catalytic cracking unit is used as the source of the iC.sub.5.sup.= 's in a process which separates the C.sub.5 containing fraction from the light naphtha, selectively hydrogenates the di-olefins contained in the C.sub.5 containing fraction, reacts the iC.sub.5.sup.= 's contained in the C.sub.5 containing fraction with methanol to form TAME, separates the TAME from the unreacted materials as a product, separates methanol from the unreacted materials, isomerizes a portion of the nC.sub.5.sup.= 's to iC.sub.5.sup.= 's , for example using a zeolite or an alumina treated with methanol, and use of the isomerization product as feed for a TAME reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed are ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds which are stable in the presence of a variety of functional groups and which can be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions on unstrained cyclic and acyclic olefins. Specifically, the present invention relates to carbene compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: M is Os or Ru; R and R.sup.1 are independently selected from hydrogen and functional groups C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkynyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 carboxylate, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyloxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylsulfonyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylsulfinyl; each optionally substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy or with a phenyl group optionally substituted with a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy; X and X.sup.

Abstract: A selective hydrogenation of an alkyne in an olefin-containing fluid is provided which comprises contacting the fluid and hydrogen gas with a catalyst in the presence of at least one sulfur compound, under reaction conditions effective to produce at least one alkene wherein the catalyst comprises at least one alkali metal, fluorine and an inorganic support material.

Abstract: A method is provided for selectively producing a trans-geometrical isomer of non-conjugated diolefins. The method comprises treating a starting non-conjugated diolefin isomer or mixture of isomers, a first mono-olefin and a second mono-olefin with a metathesis catalyst under selected reaction conditions to produce a product with greater than 80% trans-geometrical isomer content. In a preferred embodiment, 1,4-hexadiene, ethene, and propene contact a Re.sub.2 O.sub.7 catalyst and are converted to a reaction product mixture with above 80% trans-1,4-hexadiene.

Abstract: A catalytic system to polymerize diolefinic monomers consists of a lanthanide salt, an organometallic compound of a metal belonging to groups I, II and III of the periodic table of elements and an organometallic compound of boron. The polymers obtained are characterized in that they have a high degree of 1,4 chain units and ratio between 1.4-cis/1,4-trans units which can vary as desired, and also a narrow molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: Exo-isomers of polyalkylcyclopentadienes are converted to endo-isomers by contacting the exo-isomers with an acid such as aqueous HCl.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising palladium, silver and a support material (preferably alumina) is contacted at a relatively low temperature (of up to about 60.degree. C.) with a liquid composition comprising an effective reducing agent (preferably an alkali metal borohydride, hydrazinc, formaldehyde, formic acid, ascorbic acid, dextrose, aluminum powder). Preferably, at least one alkali metal compound (more preferably KOH, RbOH, CsOH, KF) is also present in the liquid composition. An improved process for selectively hydrogenating acetylene (to ethylene) employs this wet-reduced catalyst composition.

Abstract: Pure 1,4-dienes are produced at high rates of reaction by reacting a conjugated diene and an alpha monoolefin at a temperature below 70.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of a 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane ligand of Co(II)(acetylacetonate).sub.2 or Co(III)(acetylacetonate).sub.3 or CoCl.sub.2 in combination with a dialkylaluminum halide such as diethylaluminum chloride.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for inhibiting the polymerization of butadiene-containing streams during elevated temperature processing thereof or during storage or shipment of monomer containing product. The composition comprises a combination of (a) a phenylenediamine compound having at least one N--H bond and (b) a hydroxytoluene compound. The methods comprise adding from about 1-250 ppm of the combination to the monomer medium, per one million parts of medium.

Abstract: Tert-amyl compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## and novel processes for preparing 2-tert-amylbutadiene by dehydrating 3,4,4-trimethylhex-1-en-3-ol at from 100.degree. to 350.degree. C. and from 0.01 to 50 bar on acidic catalysts, its preparation by partially hydrogenating 3,4,4-trimethyl-hex-1-yn-03-ol at from 0.degree. to 50.degree. C. and from 0.01 to 50 bar and its preparation by reacting tert-amyl methyl ketone (3,3-dimethylpentan-2-one) with acetylene in the presence of basic catalysts at from 0.degree. to 60.degree. C. and from 0.01 to 50 bar, and also the preparation of 2-tert-amylanthraquinone by reacting 2-tert-amylbutadiene with 1,4-naphthoquinone at from 20.degree. to 200.degree. C. and from 0.01 to 50 bar to give 2-tert-amyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone and then oxidizing the latter in the presence of a strong base at from 0.degree. to 50.degree. C. are described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing hydrogenation by-products which comprises the use of an extractive distillation tower operated in combination with a solvent stripper, hydrocarbon purge and a water wash column. By the arrangement of the various feeds to and between the above mentioned, the green oil may be extracted away from desirable hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The monomer 5-methyl-1,4-hexadiene (5-MHD), uncontaminated with 4-methyl-1,4-hexadiene (4-MHD), or other hydrocarbons, is obtained by reacting 1-chloro-2-methylpropene with allylmagnesium bromide in equimolar amounts under gentle reflux at atmospheric pressure in an organic solvent medium (diethyl ether) and in the presence of a catalytic amount of a dichloro-[1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane]nickel (II) in an inert atmosphere. The allyl magnesium bromide is added dropwise with stirring with a mixture of 1-chloro-2-methylpropene and catalyst in the solvent at room temperature. The solvent is separated from the product by distillation, giving substantially pure product. Absence of other hydrocarbons in either the crude product or the pure product may be shown by .sup.1 H NMR, .sup.13 C NMR and GC analysis. Other nonconjugated diolefins can be prepared in an analogous manner using an alkenyl halide and an alkenyl Grignard reagent which upon cross coupling will give the desired nonconjugated diene.

Abstract: A toner composition comprised of multiblock or liquid glass resin particles with a glass transition temperature of between from about 20.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C., and pigment particles.

Abstract: Process for producing olefins from natural gas, the natural gas (2) is mainly fractionated (1) into methane (3) and higher hydrocarbons (4), the latter being then mainly fractionated (17, 20) into propane (9) and ethane (7). The methane (3), admixed with oxygen (6), passes through an oxidation reactor (5), receives the ethane (7) and the obtained mixture passes through a pyrolysis reactor (8). The effluent coming out of reactor (8) receives the propane (9) and the obtained mixture passes through a pyrolysis reactor (10). A hydrocarbon flow comprising olefins (12), more particularly ethylene and propene, is recovered.

Abstract: A catalyst system for codimerization of alpha-monoolefins and conjugated diolefins to yield 1,4-dienes. The catalyst system includes at least one ruthenium salt and at least one aluminum halide. Suitable aluminum halides include both alkyl aluminum halides and nonalkylated aluminum halides, as well as mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Non-conjugated diolefins having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are either hydrogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl and n is an integer,are produced by the process comprising reacting a diolefin having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 and n are the same as in formula (I) and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are either hydrogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl,with ethylene in the presence of a disproportionation catalyst comprising supported rhenium heptoxide and a promoter comprising either a tetraalkyl tin compound or a trialkyl aluminium compound.

Abstract: Process for producing olefins from natural gas. The natural gas is fractionated (1). The methane (3) mixed with oxygen (6) crosses the oxidizing reactor (5), receives the C.sub.2 + hydrocarbons (7) and the mixture crosses the pyrolysis reactor (8). A hydrocarbons flow containing olefins (10) is collected.

Abstract: A novel migratory insertion reaction is disclosed utilizing organoaluminum compounds. An intramolecular transfer of a carbon group from the aluminum complex E-1-halo-1-alkenyl)trialkylalanate occurs to produce an E-alkenyl(alkoxy)dialkylalanate or an E-dialkylalkenylalane or an (E,E)-3-alkyl-2-dialkylalumino-1,3-diene depending on process conditions. Novel organic aluminates are also disclosed.