Abstract: A link chain is made of chain links connected by chain joints, a chain joint comprising at least one bearing and a pin guided in a pivotable manner and in contact with this chain joint bearing. At least one bearing surface of the pin or chain joint bearing has a hard material layer applied by a PVD process, formed from a compound including at least two metals and a non-metal, at least C, N or Si being selected as the non-metal and the two metals being selected from Cr, Mo, W, Ti, Cu, Zn, Zr, Ta, Nb, Al, B, V, Hf, whereby the two metals differ from each other and the first metal is present in the hard material layer in a crystal structure that differs from the crystal structure of the second metal.

Abstract: A method for producing pins for a control chain, which has link plates that are connected to each other by the pins. The pin ends are arranged in receiving bores arranged inside the link plates. The pin is made of steel of the type 100Cr6 or 32MnCrMo6-4-3, subjected to a carbonitriding method and has a wear zone between the 1/30 and the 1/60 part of the diameter thereof after abrasive removal on the carbonitrited pin surface.

Abstract: A bush is pressed into a link plate in a turning link rank that turns relatively with a pin. The bush is molded into a seamless cylindrical shape by cold-forging and is coated with a metal carbide layer formed by cementation of chrome, vanadium and other metals and having Vickers hardness of 1300 Hv or more similarly to the pin. Afterwards, the bush is treated by a quenching, tempering or isothermal transformation process. Thereby, wear resistance of the pins and the link plates of a silent (link) chain is improved, productivity is improved and associated costs are reduced.

Abstract: The end faces of a first pin contain bulging curved faces having an egg-like shape, when viewed along a chain width direction. Each bulging curved face includes a first end portion, a second end portion and a maximum width portion with respect to a chain advancing direction. With respect to perpendicular directions, the distance between the center of the maximum width portion and the first end portion is relatively large, whereas the distance between the center of the maximum width portion and the second end portion is relatively short. It is possible to enlarge the surface area of the bulging curved face.

Abstract: Device for stretching a transmission chain closed in itself and comprising pairs of elongated rocker elements mutually coupled by links, said rocker elements being destined for a torque transferring cooperation with the pulley sheaves of a pulley sheave transmission, and comprising a first and a second supporting surface which support a chain to be treated over an angle of an arc and having an adjustable mutual distance to generate tensile stresses in the chain supported thereby, in which the first supporting surface is freely rotatable accommodated between the first ends of two distant frame parts, the second supporting surface is freely rotatable accommodated on an auxiliary carrier between the two frame parts, said carrier being provided with two opposite stubby shafts, protruding there from and of which the axis lies at a distance from the axis of rotation of the second supporting surface which is rotatably supported by said auxiliary carrier and lies near the second end of the frame parts while of said s

Abstract: A drive chain suitable for use in a continuously variable transmission of a motor vehicle, the transmission having two pairs of spaced drive members about which the chain passes to transfer torque from one drive member to the other. The chain includes a plurality of link elements that include spaced, side-by-side plate links. The plate links include openings in which pairs of parallel rocker members are disposed for relative rocking movement of at least one rocker member about its longitudinal axis. A method for stretching the chain is also disclosed, in which areas of some of the plate links are plastically deformed by stretching the chain before the chain is put to use.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing jewelry and a chain article formed therefrom that results in a product substantially lighter than its solid counterpart. A length of wire mesh or woven wire type of “fabric” having a hollow seamed wire with a non-precious core of a width and length corresponding generally to the proportions of the jewelry chain to be created is provided. The non-precious core is then removed by one of many methods. Then, a series of hollow link sections are received on the length of wire mesh such that the interior surfaces of the links surround the mesh. The links are arranged in an end-to-end abutting relationship upon the mesh until the length of chain desired is reached. Alternatively, a spiral resembling a spring may be used.

Abstract: A method of decorating items of jewelry. The method includes the steps of bringing about a translational relative movement between the item and a cutting tool along the longitudinal axis of the item, and driving the tool with a cutting movement in contact with the surface thereof, along preselected cutting paths, in order to produce corresponding decorative marks on the surface. The method further includes the step of providing a support for the item, the support being rotatable about an axis extending along the axis of the relative translation between the tool and the item so that the tool is driven in contact with the surface during the combined and simultaneous rotary and translational movement of the item.

Abstract: A drive chain suitable for use in a continuously variable transmission of a motor vehicle, the transmission having two pairs of spaced drive members about which the chain passes to transfer torque from one drive member to the other. The chain includes a plurality of link elements that include spaced, side-by-side plate links. The plate links include openings in which pairs of parallel rocker members are disposed for relative rocking movement of at least one rocker member about its longitudinal axis. The rocker members extend outwardly beyond the plate links and are retained in position by retaining members that engage particular rocker members. A method for stretching the chain is also disclosed in which areas of some of the plate links are plastically deformed before the chain is put to use.

Abstract: In a method of making a chain, in particular a round steel chain of tempered steel, a chain strand is produced in a conventional manner and subject to the usual heat treatment of normalizing, hardening and annealing. Annealing is implemented at a low temperature level of below 200° C. A tempered steel is used having a microstructure which, after hardening and annealing, has a stable residual austenite content between 3% and 10%. After the final calibration process, the chain strand is subjected to a thermal aftertreatment at a temperature between 190° C. and 250° C. This relieves stress resulting from the calibration process and the associated work-hardening. In this way, the notch impact energy capacity is enhanced.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing jewelry and a chain article formed therefrom that results in a product substantially lighter than its solid counterpart. A length of wire mesh or woven wire type of “fabric” having a hollow seamed wire with a non-precious core of a width and length corresponding generally to the proportions of the jewelry chain to be created is provided. The non-precious core is then removed by one of many methods. Then, a series of hollow link sections are received on the length of wire mesh such that the interior surfaces of the links surround the mesh. The links are arranged in an end-to-end abutting relationship upon the mesh until the length of chain desired is reached. Alternatively, a spiral resembling a spring may be used.

Abstract: A method of decorating items of jewelry. The method includes the steps of bringing about a translational relative movement between the item and a cutting tool along the longitudinal axis of the item, and driving the tool with a cutting movement in contact with the surface thereof, along preselected cutting paths, in order to produce corresponding decorative marks on the surface. The method further includes the step of providing a support for the item, the support being rotatable about an axis extending along the axis of the relative translation between the tool and the item so that the tool is driven in contact with the surface during the combined and simultaneous rotary and translational movement of the item.

Abstract: Procedure to obtain the diamond effect on a precious metal chain with hollow links, that includes the following phases: Advancing step by step of a semi-manufactured product chain made of hollow links, by means of a cold moulding station; At each stop, in the moulding station, carrying out in logical correspondence the descent towards a matched mould, of at least one core and at least one mould, in which the core can be moved perpendicularly through the mould, placed inside each individual link of the corresponding segment of chain, disposing the perimeter surface in contact with the interior perimeter of each link; Lowering the mould with simultaneous deformation and disposition of each link; Partially raising the core, with the mould and matched mould remaining in closed position; and ending the ascension of the core until extraction of the corresponding link, with ascension towards the top part of the mould for a successive cycle that must be carried out on the segment of successive links.

Abstract: A rocker joint pin for use in a chain to articulately interconnect link plates of the chain has a beveled edge at opposite end faces thereof. The beveled edge is formed by forming a V-shaped groove transversely across a surface of a continuous wire and subsequently severing the wire at the bottom of the V-shaped groove.

Abstract: A silent chain is provided which has reduced elongation based on wear and which is capable of maintaining a high accuracy over a long period of time in use. The inner surfaces of pin holes formed in at least joint trains of plates have been subjected to shaving, and a hard layer of at least one hard metal carbide selected from a group including CrC, TiC, VC and NbC, is formed on the surface of each pin. By shaving the inner surface of each pin hole, the surface pressure applied between the pin hole inner surface and the pin inserted therein becomes lower, whereby the wear of the pin and the pin hole is diminished. Further, since the hard layer on the pin surface is very hard and is chemically stable, the affinity of each plate for the inner surface of each pin hole formed therein is small. Thus, even under the condition of boundary lubrication, it is difficult for adhesion to occur between the pin hole inner surface and the pin inserted therein.

Abstract: Starting with a helical chain of large links, of the type known as a "transverse figure-of-eight chain" or "transversely assembled figure-of-eight chain" that can be made by machine, after a preliminary twisting operation in which it is reduced to the general form of a strip with rounded edges, that is to say in the so-called "linx" chain configuration, a further deformation is carried out by swaging it in the direction of the greatest dimension of its cross section, in such a way that its cross section is deformed into a generally square figure.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for modifying the surface of an item of jewelry having a cylindrical outer surface. The item of jewelry is advanced axially successively through a cutting station at which a cutting tool provided with one or more cutting elements each having a cutting tip are rotated relative to the item of jewelry generally about an axes coaxial with the elongate item of jewelry. The cutting tips project beyond the cylindrical surface of the item of jewelry and, therefore, scratch, cut or displace the material from which the jewelry is made to generate a plurality of reflecting surfaces in the case of a non continuous cylindrical surface and one or more cylindrical grooves in the case where the item of jewelry has a cylindrical surface. By controlling the linear velocity of advancement of the item of jewelry through the cutting station and the relative angular velocities of the item of jewelry relative to the cutting elements different quantities and patterns of reflecting surfaces can be provided.

Abstract: A jewelry rope chain, formed of either solid or hollow links, is provided with a novel finish comprising a smooth, continuously curved surface which reflects in a continuous fashion. Also disclosed are novel methods of forming jewelry rope chains which are designed to provide a highly reflective surface with minimal repositioning of the rope chain between cutting steps required.

Abstract: A device for removing flash from rails after resistance butt welding, mounted on a welding machine case and split along the vertical axis of the rail, comprising three cutters embracing the rail along the entire cross-sectional perimeter thereof and coupled with a hydraulic cylinder drive, one of said cutters is pivotally mounted on said case, split along the vertical axis thereof and contacts the rail rolling surface, while the two side cutters which embrace the sides of the rail head, the web and the base flange of the rail are arranged symmetrically relative to the vertical axis of the case and hinged thereto, the top portions of said side cutters being linked by an articulated rod.

Abstract: A chain making plant for the manufacture of two chains at a time by means of a series of operating stations arranged along a substantially straight course. Two conveyor units are provided, each of which successively presents a depending portion of one chain to the operating stations. Each of the conveyor units comprises a carriage running on a track extending along the course and a transverse chain conveyor supported by said carriage, said transverse chain conveyor being arranged to feed the chain outwards step by step and being capable of being shifted transversely as a unit with respect to the carriage.