Abstract: A urea solution mixing chamber for a diesel vehicle that increases a purification rate of NOx by increasing a vaporization rate of a urea solution by use of a urea solution vaporization component, includes a flow guide configured to guide a flow of exhaust gas while collecting the flow of the exhaust gas toward a catalyst, a urea solution injector disposed rearward of the flow guide and configured to distribute and inject a urea solution, an impactor provided on an internal surface of the flow guide configured to collect the exhaust gas, the impactor being configured to atomize the urea solution injected from the urea solution injector, and vaporization fins configured to vaporize the atomized urea solution by bringing the atomized urea solution into contact with the vaporization fins and mix the vaporized urea solution with the exhaust gas.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment system for a work vehicle includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system having an SCR outlet for expelling treated exhaust flow therefrom, a flow conduit in fluid communication with the outlet, an exhaust sensor positioned within the flow conduit downstream of the outlet, and a flow mixer positioned upstream of the exhaust sensor. The flow mixer has an end wall defining sector openings circumferentially extending between first and second sector sides and radially between radially inner and outer sector ends. Moreover, the flow mixer has swirler vanes, where each of the swirler vanes extends circumferentially from the first sector side of a respective one of the sector openings and radially between radially inner and outer vane ends. Particularly, the radially outer vane end of each of the swirler vanes is spaced apart from the radially outer sector end of the respective one of the sector openings.

Abstract: A system for an engine includes a heat shield system and a crankcase ventilation system. The heat shield system includes at least one heat shield panel. The crankcase ventilation system includes at least one breather, at least one outlet, and at least one conduit extending from the at least one breather to the at least one outlet. A portion of the at least one conduit is coupled to the at least one heat shield panel to directly transfer heat from the heat shield system to the at least one conduit.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is controlled in response to a location of the engine and an operational status of the engine to stop or reduce carbon monoxide emissions.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine component assembly including: a first component having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and a second component having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface of the second component, and an impingement slot extending from the second surface of the second component to the first surface of the second component, the second surface of the first component and the first surface of the second component defining a cooling channel therebetween in fluid communication with the impingement slot, wherein the impingement slot is in fluid communication with the second surface of the first component, wherein the impingement slot includes a slot tab configured to direct airflow into the cooling channel at least partially in a lateral direction parallel to the second surface of the first component such that a cross flow is generated in the cooling channel.

Abstract: A method for estimating a volume of thawed liquid in a motor vehicle tank, wherein the following operations are executed at regular time intervals: obtaining a temperature of the ambient air outside the tank using a thermometer; determining, according to said temperature outside the tank and by a first pre-established relation, a thermal energy transfer between the contents of the tank and the outside environment; determining, as a function of the power produced by a heating element, and by a second pre-established relation, a thermal energy transfer between the heating element and the contents of the tank; determining, as a function of the energy transfers, and by a third pre-established relation, an amount of thawed or refrozen liquid, during said time interval; the amounts of thawed and refrozen liquid are added during the preceding consecutive time intervals to estimate a volume of thawed liquid present in the tank.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an exhaust aftertreatment system for use with an automotive internal combustion engine. The system includes a reducing agent mixer configured to deliver a reducing agent for mixing with exhaust gases produced by the engine. The reducing agent mixer includes a mixing can defining an internal space, a doser configured to inject the reducing agent toward the internal space, and a reducing agent delivery device configured to direct the reducing agent into the internal space.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system includes a housing including first and second axial ends. An exhaust inlet is disposed adjacent the first axial end. An exhaust outlet is disposed adjacent the second axial end. A catalytic converter is disposed between the first and second axial ends. A diffuser is disposed inside the housing between the first axial end and the catalytic converter. The diffuser includes a shell in communication with the exhaust inlet. The shell includes proximal and distal portions and a front side facing the catalytic converter. The proximal and distal portions are substantially equal in frontal area. The proximal portion is adjacent the exhaust inlet and includes a first plurality of front side openings totaling a first open area and the distal portion includes a second plurality of front side openings totaling a second open area. The first open area is about 1.8-2.2 times the second.

Abstract: A communications plug, for high frequency applications, includes a housing, a plurality of contact conductor blades and insulation displacement contacts. A printed circuit board has a plurality of transmission paths connecting corresponding blades and insulation displacement contacts. The plug has a major coupling including coupling between the blades. The PCB further includes a compensation coupling arrangement that provides a smaller coupling as compared to the major coupling. The compensation coupling is no more than one half of the major coupling and has a different polarity from that of the major coupling. The compensation coupling is connected to a set of transmission paths at a location between the major coupling and the insulation displacement contacts.

Abstract: A mixer assembly of a vehicle exhaust system includes a base tube or pipe section and a plurality of mixing or stirring blades that sequentially engage notches formed in an end or edge portion of the base tube section and interconnect with each other to form a static blade assembly. Each blade of the plurality of mixing blades spans across the interior volume of the base tube section and includes a tab or attachment feature at each of the opposing ends of the respective blade that engages notches on opposing sides of the base tube section. The tabs of the plurality of mixing blades may be coupled with the notches in a manner that prevents disengagement and provides no weld surfaces at an interior volume of the base tube section.

Abstract: A dispersion plate that can be arranged on an upstream side of an oxygen concentration sensor in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, the oxygen concentration sensor being arranged in the exhaust pipe, is provided. The dispersion plate is configured to disperse an exhaust flow in the exhaust pipe. The dispersion plate includes a first plate and a second plate. The first plate includes a deflection plate that extends in an inclined direction and a twisted direction with respect to an extending direction of the exhaust pipe. The second plate extends in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the exhaust pipe. The second plate includes a through hole. The second plate is arranged on an outer circumferential side of the first plate in the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A device for delivering a liquid additive includes: a tank configured to store the liquid additive; a pump; a suction point at which the liquid additive can be sucked out of the tank by the pump; and a filter at least partially delimiting an intermediate space between the filter and the suction point and separating the intermediate space from an interior space of the tank. The filter has a filter surface with a top edge and a bottom edge, the top edge and the bottom edge being spaced apart from one another in a vertical direction by 30 mm to 80 mm and the suction point being positioned at most 5 mm below the top edge in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A dosing and mixing arrangement including an exhaust conduit defining a central axis; a mixing conduit positioned within the exhaust conduit; a dispersing arrangement (e.g., a mesh) disposed at the upstream end of the mixing conduit; an injector coupled to the exhaust conduit and configured to direct reactants into the exhaust conduit towards the mesh; and an annular bypass defined between the mixing conduit and the exhaust conduit for allowing exhaust to bypass the upstream end of the mixing conduit and to enter the mixing conduit downstream of the mesh.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment component for treating an engine exhaust including a housing including an inlet and an outlet. A mixing device is located within the housing between the inlet and the outlet, and the mixing device includes a shell communicating with the outlet, a decomposition tube having a first end and a second end, and a flow reversing device disposed proximate the second end. The first end extends from the shell and is configured to receive the exhaust from the inlet, and is configured to receive a reagent exhaust treatment fluid. The second end is positioned within the shell. The flow reversing device is configured to direct a mixture of the exhaust and reagent exhaust treatment fluid in predetermined directions into the shell, the flow reversing device reverses a flow direction of the exhaust back towards the first end of the decomposition tube.

Abstract: An exhaust mixing device for mixing an exhaust produced by an engine with a reagent exhaust treatment fluid that is dosed into the exhaust from a dosing module. The exhaust mixing device includes a decomposition tube having a first end and a second end. The first end of the decomposition tube is configured to receive the exhaust and the reagent exhaust treatment fluid. A flow reversing device is positioned at the second end of the decomposition tube. The flow reversing device includes a plurality of deflecting members that intermix the exhaust and reagent exhaust treatment fluid, and direct the exhaust and reagent exhaust treatment fluid in predetermined directions, wherein the flow reversing device reverses a flow direction of the exhaust back towards the first end of the decomposition tube.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment component for treating an engine exhaust. The component includes a housing including an inlet and an outlet, and a mixing assembly located within the housing between the inlet and the outlet. The mixing assembly includes a decomposition tube having a first end and a second end. The first end is configured to receive the exhaust from the inlet and is configured to receive a reagent exhaust treatment fluid. A flow reversing device is disposed proximate the second end, and the flow reversing device is configured to direct a mixture of the exhaust and reagent exhaust treatment fluid as the mixture exits the second end of the decomposition tube in a direction back toward the first end, wherein the flow reversing device includes a plurality of deflecting members for intermixing the exhaust and reagent exhaust treatment fluid.

Abstract: In an engine including a cooling fan provided at one end of a drive shaft to cool the engine, a muffler is attached such that a longitudinal direction thereof coincide with a direction of gravity, and a muffler accommodating chamber is formed by a muffler cover. A portion of cooling air generated by the cooling fan is introduced into the muffler accommodating chamber so as to cool the muffler. At the muffler accommodating chamber, a cooling air outlet is provided at an upper end of a cooling passage, such that the waste heat of the muffler is discharged from the cooling air outlet to the outside during the stop of the engine. A cooling air inlet is disposed below the cooling air outlet such that the cooling air flows from the lower side to the upper side of the muffler.

Abstract: An ignition control device for an engine provided with ignition plugs for each cylinder. The ignition control device includes a sensor that detects a signal that determines whether the engine is in an idling state or not, and an ignition control unit that determines whether the engine is in the idling state on the basis of a signal from the sensor and controls the ignition plugs to be simultaneously ignited if the engine is in the idling state, and controls part of the ignition plugs to be ignited if the engine is in a state other than the idling state.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, described herein is an apparatus for decomposing diesel exhaust fluid into ammonia for an internal combustion engine (ICE) system having a selective catalytic reduction system. The apparatus includes an outlet cover, an inlet cover coupled to the outlet cover, and a support plate disposed between the outlet cover and the inlet cover. The support plate forms an outlet channel with the outlet cover and an inlet channel with the inlet cover. The inlet channel is fluidly coupled to the outlet channel. Additionally, the inlet channel may be adjacent to the outlet channel.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus which is capable of excellently mixing exhaust gas discharged from an engine with exhaust air to thereby improve lowering of temperature of the exhaust gas and suppression of noise. The apparatus comprises: a duct provided beneath an engine and having an upper edge surrounding an exhaust air inlet; an exhaust-gas pipe having an intra-duct portion extend inside the duct in a direction approximately perpendicular to a flow direction of the exhaust air; and an exhaust-gas-pipe cover provided just above the intra-duct portion to protect the intra-duct portion from oil which can drop down from above.

Abstract: A mixing element positioned at an exhaust outlet of a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) module is provided. The mixing element includes a base plate having an upper surface and a lower surface. The base plate is configured to deflect a portion of a flow of a fluid around the upper surface thereof. The mixing element also includes a plurality of vanes attached to the lower surface of the base plate in a spaced apart arrangement. The plurality of vanes is configured to induce a swirling effect in a flow of the fluid received therebetween.

Abstract: An exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine, in particular for a vehicle, includes an exhaust gas conveying duct, at least one insert disposed in the exhaust gas conveying duct for purifying the exhaust gas, an injection system disposed upstream of the insert in the flow path and a turbulizer disposed between the injection system and the insert. A flow rectifier is provided in the exhaust gas conveying duct between the turbulizer and the insert.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a machine is disclosed. The exhaust system may have a diffuser configured to receive exhaust from an engine. The exhaust system may further have a plurality of dosers associated with the diffuser and configured to inject fuel into the diffuser. The exhaust system may also have a controller configured to selectively control an amount of fuel injected by each of the plurality of dosers based on a velocity of the exhaust adjacent to each doser. In addition, the exhaust system may have an after-treatment component fluidly connected downstream of the diffuser and configured to heat the exhaust by oxidizing the injected fuel.

Abstract: A flow restrictor for a secondary air injection system for an internal combustion engine. The flow restrictor includes a main body configured to be located between the intake end and a first injecting end of the supply conduit of the secondary air injection system. The main body defines a restricting orifice configured to reduce propagation of pressure fluctuations between the first injecting end a second injecting end. The main body includes a first connecting portion configured to connect to the supply conduit proximal to the intake end and a second connecting portion configured to connect to the supply conduit proximal to the first injecting end.

Abstract: A mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system is disclosed. The mixer includes a body portion that is configured to be disposed in an exhaust conduit of an exhaust aftertreatment system upstream of an exhaust aftertreatment device. The mixer also includes an airfoil portion that is disposed on the body portion and reversibly movable between a deployed position and a retracted position, wherein in the deployed position the airfoil portion provides a deployed resistance to an exhaust gas flow and in the retracted position provides a retracted resistance thereto, and the deployed resistance is greater than the retracted resistance, the body portion and airfoil portion comprising a mixer. The mixer further includes a bimetallic couple that is operatively joined to the mixer and configured to reversibly move the airfoil portion from the retracted position to the deployed position.

Abstract: An engine system, comprising an externally filled fuel tank with an external fill port; a separator for separation of fuel based on octane level, the separator having a high octane outlet and a low octane outlet; a secondary fuel tank with an amount of fuel located therein and a return line, the secondary fuel tank fluidically coupled to the low octane outlet of the separator and the return line fluidically coupling the externally filled fuel tank to the high octane outlet of the separator or the secondary fuel tank fluidically coupled to the high octane outlet of the separator and the return line fluidically coupling the externally filled fuel tank to the low octane outlet of the separator.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment device is disclosed. The exhaust treatment device has a compact configuration that includes integrated reactant dosing, reactant mixing and contaminant removal/treatment. The mixing can be achieved at least in part by a swirl structure and contaminant removal can include NOx reduction.

Abstract: A work vehicle includes: a top having a first hole; a plate having a second hole and attached to the top with the second hole in alignment with the first hole; an exhaust pipe having an internal path and a flange projecting outward and abutting against and thus attached to the plate; and a tail pipe having a portion positioned in the first and second holes, and an end in the internal path of the exhaust pipe. The plate is disposed between the top and the flange and serves as a reference in attaching the flange to the top. Thus, a work vehicle that can facilitate disposing an exhaust pipe and a tail pipe concentrically and provide better workability in disposing the exhaust pipe and the tail pipe concentrically, and a method for manufacturing the work vehicle, can be provided.

Abstract: An exhaust system in an engine is provided. The exhaust system includes an exhaust manifold include at least one exhaust runner having an inlet and a flow rotation element including at least one vane, the flow rotation element positioned in the inlet of the exhaust runner swirling exhaust airflow entering the exhaust runner.

Abstract: A mixing and/or evaporating device (12) for an exhaust system (5) of a combustion engine (1), in particular of a motor vehicle, includes a support body which encloses a cross section of the device (12) through which a flow can flow and which runs transversely to the axial direction (20) of the device (12) in the circumferential direction. The support body (19) has at least one guide blade (25, 28) which extends away transversely to the axial direction (20). An improved efficiency is obtained with the guide blade (25) having a roof-shaped profile (29), including two guide surfaces (30, 31) that are interconnected via a ridge (32) or apex.

Abstract: Arrangement for introducing a liquid medium into exhaust gases from a combustion engine, having a mixing duct, an injector for injecting the liquid medium into the mixing duct, and an inlet duct situated upstream of the mixing duct. The inlet duct has a first duct section which is annular in cross-section and a second duct section which is annular in cross-section. The second duct section is situated downstream of the first duct section and surrounds the mixing duct. The first duct section surrounds the second duct section. The mixing duct further has a flow reversal section via which an annular outlet of the first duct section is connected to an annular inlet of the second duct section and which is configured to reverse the direction of flow of the exhaust gases flowing through the inlet duct, to flow through the second duct section in a direction opposite to that of the exhaust gases in the first duct section.

Abstract: A mixing device includes: a cylindrical portion having a blade provided inside thereof for mixing exhaust gas that flows inside of an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, with an additive sprayed into the exhaust pipe by an adding valve; a flange having an insertion hole, into which the cylindrical portion is inserted, and extending outward in a radial direction of the cylindrical portion from an outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion; and a plurality of supporting portions that are provided on the flange and that support the cylindrical portion, wherein each of the supporting portions includes an extending piece that extends in a circumferential direction of the cylindrical portion from a base end portion connected to the flange.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe injection control device for controlling an appropriate fuel injection amount regardless of engine rotation speed. The exhaust pipe injection control device includes: a target injection amount setting unit which sets, according to an engine rotation speed and an exhaust gas flow rate, a target injection amount that is injected in a single injection from an exhaust pipe injector; a base pulse width (“BPW”) map in which a fuel injection time of the exhaust pipe injector is set so that, with respect to the target injection amount and an exhaust pipe injection fuel pressure, fuel in the target injection amount is injected; and an exhaust pipe injection executing unit which performs injection from the exhaust pipe injector by referring to the BPW map based on the target injection amount and the exhaust pipe injection fuel pressure.

Abstract: A machine includes an internal combustion engine disposed within an engine compartment and supported on a machine frame. An exhaust stack has an inlet fluidly connected to an exhaust manifold of the internal combustion engine and an outlet in fluid communication with ambient air. A diesel particulate filter is disposed along the exhaust stack. A cooling package includes at least one heat exchanger and a blower fan. The blower fan is configured to blow cooling air from the engine compartment sequentially through the at least one heat exchanger and an outlet of the cooling package. Exhaust gas exiting the exhaust stack outlet is mixed with the cooling air exiting the cooling package outlet in a high temperature zone surrounding the exhaust stack outlet to form a fluid mixture, and a temperature of the fluid mixture at a perimeter of the high temperature zone is below 200 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: The invention uses a car's speed to gather ambient air in an air accumulator to create a fast-moving flow of that air and injecting that air to the exhaust piping in a direction to assist exhaust motion away from the engine.

Abstract: A bulldozer is provided with an engine, a pump assembly, an engine auxiliary, and a connecting member. The engine has an output axis which extends in a front and back direction of the bulldozer. The pump assembly includes a plurality of hydraulic pumps. The hydraulic pumps are disposed behind the engine and are disposed to line up with each other in the front and back direction. The pump assembly is connected to the engine. The engine auxiliary is disposed behind the engine and is mounted to the engine. The connecting member connects the engine and the engine auxiliary.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are described for controlling a NOx sensor coupled to an engine exhaust system in a motor vehicle. One example method comprises generating an offset of the sensor based on an ambient air flow drawn into the exhaust system, the ambient air flow having circumvented cylinders of the engine, and adjusting an output of the sensor based on the generated offset.

Abstract: A system includes a main engine operating on gaseous fuel from a tank. An auxiliary engine operates using gaseous fuel vented from the tank. A first exhaust passage receives a first stream of exhaust gas from the main engine. A second exhaust passage receives exhaust gas from the auxiliary engine, which passes through an ammonia-producing catalyst. A third exhaust passage is fluidly connected to the first and second exhaust passages and routes exhaust gas through a NOx reducing catalyst. The system operates such that a mass flow of ammonia generated by the ammonia-producing catalyst substantially matches a total mass flow of NOx gas in the third exhaust passage that is treated within the ammonia-producing catalyst.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to an exhaust system for a combustion engine with a bent pipe section conducting an exhaust gas flow. The exhaust system further includes an injector for introducing a liquid reduction agent into the exhaust gas flow, which is connected to the pipe section via a connecting pipe so that the injector can introduce the reduction agent through the connecting pipe into an introduction region of the pipe section into the exhaust gas flow. The risk of a crystallization of the reduction agent can be reduced with a return flow plate, which in the pipe section is arranged upstream of the introduction region.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas pipe, a first fluid flows in a flow direction in the pipe, and a second fluid is injected inside the pipe by a nozzle, from an injection inlet arranged in the pipe wall, according to an injection direction. A mixing device fastened inside the pipe upstream from the injection inlet creates turbulence that helps the mixing of the fluids. The mixing device has a first portion located on the injection inlet side of the pipe and a second portion located opposite the injection inlet side of the pipe, the portions being designed so that the fluid velocity is higher downstream from the mixing device second portion than downstream from the mixing device first portion. An aqueous solution of urea can be injected inside an exhaust pipe of a diesel engine.

Abstract: In one example, a system is provided, comprising an exhaust reductant injector upstream of a mixer. The mixer includes a plurality of concentrically smaller rings interconnected via fins having a width varying in a flow direction, the fins arranged annularly, and with a first set of fins between a first pair of adjacent rings angularly offset from a second set of fins between a second pair of adjacent rings, the first and second pairs of rings sharing one common ring. In this way, it is possible to atomize, redirect, and mix the exhaust flow over a short distance to effectively react with NOx in a downstream SCR catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust purifying apparatus achieving placement of components so as to prevent an increase in the size of the vehicle caused by the placement of the exhaust purifying apparatus while maintaining the performance of the exhaust purifying apparatus by secondary air in a saddle-ride type vehicle. An exhaust purifying apparatus of a saddle-ride vehicle includes a secondary air supply pipe of which one end is connected an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine. A secondary air control valve is connected with the other end of the secondary air supply pipe for controlling the supply of secondary air to the secondary air supply pipe. An outdoor air introduction passage is connected to the secondary air control valve, wherein an air filter for secondary air and a resonant passage are installed in the middle of the outdoor air introduction passage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for homogenizing exhaust from an engine. In one embodiment, the present invention includes an automobile. The automobile can include a fuel delivery unit, an engine, an exhaust system, and a control unit. The exhaust system can include a swirl inducement unit, multiple sensors, and multiple catalytic converters. The swirl inducement unit can homogenize an exhaust from the engine. The swirl inducement unit can include a plurality of vanes and/or a plurality of protrusions. The protrusions can be a plurality of bumps and/or a plurality of semi-circular rings. The plurality of vanes can be rotatable with the rotation of the vanes being controlled by the control unit. The rotation of the vanes can be based on an operating condition of the engine.

Abstract: An exhaust diluting and diffusing apparatus includes a first pipe forming a vertically directed outlet for an exhaust conduit and a second diffuser pipe mounted to receive an exhaust gas flow from the outlet of the first pipe, the second pipe having a diameter greater than the diameter of the first pipe to define an ambient air inlet gap surrounding the outlet of the first pipe, and being sufficiently wide to allow the exhaust gas to expand and diffuse in the second pipe. The device further includes a dispersing outlet mounted at an end of the second pipe and configured to direct exhaust gas radially outward, an area defined by the diffuser outlet being greater than an area of the outlet of the first pipe.

Abstract: A vehicle exhaust system includes an air entrainment component that is used to reduce exhaust gas temperatures exiting the vehicle exhaust system. The air entrainment component includes an exhaust pipe with a non-circular cross-section at one end and an overlap tube that substantially surrounds the non-circular cross-section to form an air gap between the exhaust pipe and the overlap tube. Cooling external air is drawn into the air gap to cool heated exhaust gases within the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment system including an exhaust passage in communication with an engine that produces an exhaust. An exhaust canister is coupled to the exhaust passage, and the exhaust canister supports a plurality of exhaust treatment components therein for treating the exhaust, wherein exhaust canister is removable from the exhaust passage, and the exhaust treatment components are removable from the exhaust canister.

Abstract: A system and method according to which exhaust is directed from a stationary exhaust source and through a burner, and a combustible fluid is vented from at least one combustible fluid source other than the stationary exhaust source. The combustible fluid is captured and directed to flow from the combustible fluid source and towards the burner, and at least air is mixed with the captured combustible fluid to form a mixture. The mixture is introduced into the burner and burned therein to thereby pre-heat the exhaust flowing therethrough. The pre-heated exhaust contacts a catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an agricultural vehicle is provided that includes a mixer configured to receive a spray of diesel exhaust fluid along a longitudinal axis of the mixer and an exhaust flow along a direction cross-wise to the longitudinal axis of the mixer. Additionally, the mixer is configured to mix the diesel exhaust fluid with the exhaust gas. Furthermore, the mixer is configured to discharge the exhaust gas along the longitudinal axis of the mixer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an automotive exhaust system that removes harmful contaminants from engine exhaust and thus reduces air pollution, presents a number of distinct and significant benefits and advantages. Foremost, the Green Muffler subjects engine exhaust gases to a two-stage cleansing and purification process, first scrubbing the gases in a recirculating air-and-water bath; and then combining the remnant gases with an air-freshening chemical before release to the atmosphere. The Green Muffler, then, serves to lower a vehicle's carbon-dioxide and carbon-monoxide emissions and thereby reduces the level of air pollution and atmospheric warming due to car exhaust. Further, the Green Muffler reduces the temperature of vehicle exhaust, another plus for the planet.

Abstract: A liquid additive agent added into an exhaust gas is suppressed from adhering to a sensor. Provision is made for a sensor that is arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine; an addition valve that is arranged in the vicinity of or at the downstream side of the sensor in the direction of flow of the exhaust gas, and adds an additive agent into the exhaust passage; a catalyst that is arranged at the downstream side of the addition valve, and receives a supply of the additive agent from the addition valve; and pressure difference generation unit that makes a pressure of the exhaust gas in the surrounding of the sensor higher than a pressure thereof in the surrounding of the addition valve. A pressure difference is caused to generate so that the additive agent is suppressed from flowing toward the direction of the sensor.