Abstract: An apparatus for forming laminated sheet glass, including: a lower pipe and a first upper pipe separated by a first gap on one side and second gap on the other side, the apparatus being configured so that the position of the lower pipe relative to the first upper pipe are each independently adjustable to control the dimensions of the first gap, the second gap, or both, as defined herein. Also disclosed is a method for forming laminated sheet glass or articles thereof using the aforementioned glass laminating apparatus, as defined herein.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for detecting flag velocity during a eutectic process for bonding two wafers. The apparatus includes a plurality of sensors for detecting a time and/or velocity of a plurality of flags within a flag-out mechanism. The apparatus also includes one or more displays displaying time durations associated with the movement of the flags during the bonding process. Also disclosed is a method of aligning wafers in a eutectic bonding process. The method includes determining one or more time durations associated with the movement of the flags in the plurality of flags. The method also includes determining if a misalignment has occurred based on the one or more time durations associated with the movement of the flags.

Abstract: A conduit structure for molten glass, in which molten glass is flown through a double-pipe structure, with little stress loading even for a long time operation. A supporting rib connecting an inner pipe and an outer pipe is employed in the double pipe structure having the inner pipe and outer pipe in the conduit structure for molten glass, wherein excessive stress concentration hardly occurs in an inner pipe-joint portion, an outer pipe-joint portion and the rib when the rib is applied with a stress load due to the weight of the inner pipe.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for managing pulling forces applied to a glass ribbon in a draw apparatus are disclosed. The method includes applying a front-side and a rear-side drive torque to a glass. The method further includes calculating automatically with the at least one electronic controller a front-side and a rear-side average pulling force applied to the glass ribbon and corresponding to a first time period of at least one rotation of the front-side or rear-side stub roller, respectively. The front-side average pulling force and the rear-side average pulling force are compared to establish a pulling force differential between the front-side average pulling force and the rear-side average pulling force. One or more of the front-side drive torque or the rear-side drive torque are modified to decrease the pulling force differential between the front-side average pulling force and the rear-side average pulling force.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for steering flexible glass webs are disclosed. In one embodiment, a steering device for non-contact steering of a glass web having a conveyance direction and a cross direction normal to the conveyance direction includes a fluid injection bar having an elongate axis oriented in a cross direction of the glass web. The steering device also includes a pivot bearing assembly coupled to the fluid injection bar such that the fluid injection bar is pivotable in a plane perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the glass web, an actuator coupled to the fluid injection bar for adjusting the orientation of the fluid injection bar with respect to the glass web, and an edge detection device positioned proximate to an edge of the glass web for evaluating a position of an edge of the glass web.

Abstract: A method of reducing distortion in a glass sheet is described and comprises the steps of: forming a glass ribbon in a glass manufacturing process; separating a glass sheet from the glass ribbon, the glass sheet having a substantially flat surface; measuring a retardation through the surface of the glass sheet; defining a retardation parameter indicative of the retardation of the glass sheet; cutting the glass sheet into a plurality of sub-sheets; measuring a distortion of the sub-sheets; defining a distortion parameter indicative of the distortion of the sub-sheets; and determining a correlation between the retardation parameter and the distortion parameter such that the distortion parameter of sub-sheets of a subsequent glass sheet can be predicted based on the correlation.

Abstract: A method comprises flowing an oxidant and a fuel into a submerged combustion burner in a glass tank furnace, the glass tank furnace receiving a feed of glass forming material and producing molten glass, the burner and furnace comprising a melting system. The melting system has a variable system vibration and/or oscillation due to the nature of submerged combustion. One method includes predicting a value of at least one property, such as viscosity, of the molten glass using the variable system vibration and/or oscillation.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is a method of remotely managing a vessel forming production line, the method comprising communicating from a remote data processing resource a plurality of consumer or event data to a controller, the controller controls a plurality of vessel forming stations having a plurality of shape forming operations and a plurality of non-shape forming operations, configuring each of the plurality of shape forming operations and the plurality of non-shape forming operations based in part on the plurality of consumer or event data to manufacture the shaped vessel, and manufacturing the shaped vessel. Other embodiments include completing a sales transaction resulting in generation of the plurality of consumer or event data, generating the plurality of consumer or event data based in part on the current status of an event, and decorating the shaped vessel based in part on the plurality of consumer or event data.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically adjusting I.S. machine timing to maintain desired vertical glass distribution to improve process yield and quality while reducing dependence on operator skill. Deficiencies in the vertical glass distribution are rapidly addressed by automatically varying the start of final blow to allow more or less stretching of the parison, and more fundamentally addressed by adjusting the cooling of the parison mold. The cooling time of the parison mold may be adjusted by using final blow timing error correction or by also using parison mold temperature error correction.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a vitreous silica crucible, which enable accurate measurement of a fume generation amount, prevention of deterioration of an inner surface property, and real-time control of a raw material melting state. Provided is an apparatus for manufacturing a vitreous silica crucible 50 by supplying silica powder into a mold 10 to form a silica powder layer 11, and heating and melting the silica powder layer 11 by arc discharge. The apparatus includes the mold 10 for defining an outer shape of a vitreous silica crucible, an arc discharge unit having a plurality of carbon electrodes 13 and a power-supply unit 40, and a fume-amount measurement unit 30 for detecting an amount of fumes 80 generated in the mold 10.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing glass ribbon includes a control device configured at least periodic thermal stress compensation of the glass ribbon by independently adjusting operation of a plurality of temperature adjustment elements based on stress characteristic information at least periodically obtained from a stress sensor apparatus. In further examples, methods of producing glass include at least periodically sensing a stress characteristic of a glass ribbon and at least periodically changing a transverse temperature profile of the glass ribbon based stress characteristic information. In further examples, methods include the step of changing a transverse temperature profile of the glass ribbon only if a measured parameter is within an operating range associated with the parameter.

Abstract: An layout for a glass manufacturing system may include a hot process part having a batch plant for storing a glass raw material, a tank for melting the raw material and storing a molten glass, a float bath for forming the molten glass into a glass of a ribbon shape, an annealing lehr for cooling the glass ribbon, and a cold end connected to the annealing lehr, and an etching process part having a final cutting sector for cutting the glass provided from the cold end into sheet glasses of a preset final size, a beveling and etching sector for bevel the edges of the cut sheet glasses and etching the beveled sheet glasses, and a first inspection sector for inspecting the etched sheet glasses, and the hot process part and the etching process part may be connected by a single conveyor to form a continuous line.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to improved silica-titania glass articles intended for use in EUV or other high energy reflective optic systems, and to a process for producing such improved silica-titania articles. The improved silica-titania glass articles provide a more stable surface for the coatings that are used in the making of reflective optical elements for EUV applications. The stable surface is provided by densification of at least one face of the silica-titania article, the densification being accomplished by the use accelerated ions, neutrons, electrons and photons (?-ray, X-ray or DUV lasers). After densification, the densified face of the silica-titania article can be coated with a multilayer reflective coating.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for characterizing attributes of a moving glass sheet comprising complementary mechanical material handling technologies that progressively stabilize, position, capture, flatten, and release the lower portion of glass sheets traveling past the apparatus while posing minimal constraint on the top section of the sheet. The apparatus includes a pressure-vacuum (PV)-type device comprising distinct regions such that the glass sheets experience a non-contact but gradual increase in constraining force until the point where measurements can be performed, then a gradual decrease in constraining force until the glass sheets are released from the inspection station. This graduated force technique is applied along the direction of travel of the sheets and may also be applied vertically upwards along the height of the sheet to restrict the motion of the sheet without constraining it at pinch points near the conveyor.

Abstract: A glass substrate laser cutting device according to the invention includes: a working table that has a plurality of vacuum absorbing grooves; a laser cutter; a pressure sensor that measures a pressure sensor when suctioning the glass substrate in a vacuum state; a calculation processing unit that compares the vacuum pressure measured by the pressure sensor with a predetermined threshold pressure and determines whether the glass substrate is broken; a laser cutter that includes a leaser head moving along the cutting direction of the glass substrate and emitting a laser beam; and an optical sensor that is attached to the laser head so as to move together and is disposed at a point in front of the laser beam emitted to the outside so as to detect the breakage of the glass substrate.

Abstract: A process for optimizing flame polishing of a glass product includes subjecting a glass product to heating parameters related to the glass product, first sensing a first thermal image of the glass product, polishing the glass product with a flame, second sensing a second thermal image of the glass product after the polishing of the glass product, and adjusting parameters of the flame polishing as necessary based upon the second sensing of the second thermal image of the glass product.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for supplying a hydrogen gas to a quartz glass manufacturing apparatus including a burner that generates an oxyhydrogen flame when supplied with the hydrogen gas, where the apparatus includes: a first hydrogen supply system that supplies a hydrogen gas in which isomers are in equilibrium; a second hydrogen supply system that supplies a hydrogen gas in which isomers are out of equilibrium; a flow rate control section that includes: a valve that changes a flow rate of the hydrogen gas to be supplied to the burner; a first flow rate measuring section that measures the flow rate of the hydrogen gas to be supplied to the burner by measuring a heat capacity; and a control section that controls the valve in such a manner that a measured value obtained by the first flow rate measuring section approaches a set value input from outside; a second flow rate measuring section that measures the flow rate of the hydrogen gas to be supplied to the burner by measuring a different factor than the

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for manufacturing an optical element, and a method of manufacturing an optical element, whereby variance of dropping positions of glass droplets can be suppressed even with a low-cost and simple configuration. The positions where the glass droplets are discharged from a discharged port 51c are controlled by having a predetermined force applied to the glass droplets from the wall surface of a passage 51b of a correcting member 51 in a non-contact manner, the glass droplets passing through the passage 51b. Therefore, variance of dropping positions of the glass droplets can be suppressed without surrounding the whole manufacturing apparatus. Consequently, a highly accurate optical element can be manufactured with the low-cost and simple configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing volatilized chemical compounds from within enclosed or partially enclosed spaces containing molten glass. One or more condensing devices are positioned within the enclosure to produce preferential condensation of the vapor on condensing elements of the condensing devices, thereby facilitating easy removal of the condensates from the enclosure. The condensing elements may have a variety of shapes and sizes depending on the design of the enclosure.

Abstract: A pull roll apparatus and method are described herein that can control a cross-draw tension and a down-draw tension of a glass sheet while manufacturing the glass sheet. In one embodiment, the pull roll apparatus includes a first driven stub roll pair, a second driven stub roll pair and a control device (e.g., PLC) that controls the first and second driven stub roll pairs while a first edge portion of the glass sheet is drawn between two vertically downtilted rolls associated with the first driven stub roll pair and while an opposing second edge portion of the glass sheet is drawn between two vertically downtilted rolls associated with the second driven stub roll pair. If desired, the pull roll apparatus may include a pulling roll assembly (located below the first and second driven stub rolls) or another set of driven stub roll pairs (located below the first and second driven stub roll pairs).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for shaping an elongated glass body 81, which is a glass tube or glass rod and has an initial profile, to an elongated glass body having a different profile. In order to be properly shaped, an elongated glass body 81 passes through, in a hot malleable state, a nip, which is formed by squeezing rollers 1 and which has a nip width which is less than an outer dimension of the initial profile. In order to accomplish an enhanced precision of the shaping process, according to the invention the position of at least one of the squeezing rollers is varied continuously so that a contact area between the respective squeezing roller and the hot glass body is varied cyclic reciprocating movement. Disturbing effects such as local overheating of the squeezing rollers or an accumulation of dirt or glass particles on the surface of the squeezing rollers can thus be effectively prevented.

Abstract: To provide a magnetic-disk glass substrate manufacturing method that can reduce the inner diameter dimensional error.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for trimming a float glass strip that has a normal or structured surface, comprising the following features: a) a cutting slide having a lower running rail and a cutting slide having an upper running rail for a bottom cut for a structured surface or a top cut for a normal surface, wherein both running rails are arranged at an acute angle to the running direction of the glass strip and this angled position can be adjusted; b) a number of counter pressure rollers for the lower cutting slide; c) a hold-down apparatus (6) having a breaking roller (20) and a front hold-down roller (21) for a bottom cut; d) a hold-down apparatus (15) having a breaking roller (14) and a rear hold-down roller (18) for a top cut; e) apparatuses (10, 11, 12) for measuring the advance speed of the glass strip (11) and the current length of the glass strip.

Abstract: A method of reducing distortion in a glass sheet is described and comprises the steps of: forming a glass ribbon in a glass manufacturing process; separating a glass sheet from the glass ribbon, the glass sheet having a substantially flat surface; measuring a retardation through the surface of the glass sheet; defining a retardation parameter indicative of the retardation of the glass sheet; cutting the glass sheet into a plurality of sub-sheets; measuring a distortion of the sub-sheets; defining a distortion parameter indicative of the distortion of the sub-sheets; and determining a correlation between the retardation parameter and the distortion parameter such that the distortion parameter of sub-sheets of a subsequent glass sheet can be predicted based on the correlation.

Abstract: A glass substrate laser cutting device according to the invention includes: a working table that has a plurality of vacuum absorbing grooves; a laser cutter; a pressure sensor that measures a pressure sensor when suctioning the glass substrate in a vacuum state; a calculation processing unit that compares the vacuum pressure measured by the pressure sensor with a predetermined threshold pressure and determines whether the glass substrate is broken; a laser cutter that includes a leaser head moving along the cutting direction of the glass substrate and emitting a laser beam; and an optical sensor that is attached to the laser head so as to move together and is disposed at a point in front of the laser beam emitted to the outside so as to detect the breakage of the glass substrate.

Abstract: A dwell time control system and method for automatically adjusting the selection and timing of a sequence of pressures used to drive the plunger in a parison mold during the parison forming process. The timing of characteristics of the observed press curve from one or more previous parison forming cycles are ascertained and used to control the timing of the changes in pressure during a subsequent parison forming cycle. The timings of these changes of pressure are determined as predetermined percentages of the timings of the characteristics in order to prevent the blow mold from being forced open and in order to prevent the occurrence of an overpressed finish.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a glass substrate for an information recording medium including a step for chemically strengthening the glass substrate by contacting the glass substrate with chemical strengthening processing liquid containing chemical strengthening salt, concentration of Fe and Cr is 500 ppb or less in said chemical strengthening salt, respectively. The concentration may be detected by the use of an ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) emission spectrometry analyzing method or a fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy analyzing method.

Abstract: A process is provided for evaluating oxygen precipitates in a single crystal silicon sample. The process comprises (a) annealing the single crystal silicon sample at a temperature sufficient to selectively grow as-grown oxygen precipitates having a size of about 25 nm or more and selectively dissolve as-grown oxygen precipitates having a size of about 25 nm or less; (b) cooling the single crystal silicon sample at a cooling rate sufficient to inhibit the nucleation of oxygen precipitates having a size of about 25 nm or less; (c) coating a surface of the single crystal silicon sample with a composition containing a metal capable of decorating oxygen precipitates; and (d) annealing the coated single crystal silicon sample at a temperature, for a duration, and in an atmosphere sufficient to decorate the oxygen precipitates in the single crystal silicon sample.

Abstract: There is provided a system of an individual section machine (IS) having a blow side with a mold and a blow head, and a blank side, the system includes a P-Switch valve in fluid communication with an EPVB of the IS machine and with the P-Switch valve configured to control a valve pilot air supply to a predetermined pilot valve. When the P-Switch valve is activated, the blow side mold is set to an OPEN position and the associated blow head is set to an UP position. With the P-Switch valve of the system activated, the blow side machinery cannot be overridden from the blank side of the IS machine.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing glass ribbon includes a control device configured at least periodic thermal stress compensation of the glass ribbon by independently adjusting operation of a plurality of temperature adjustment elements based on stress characteristic information at least periodically obtained from a stress sensor apparatus. In further examples, methods of producing glass include at least periodically sensing a stress characteristic of a glass ribbon and at least periodically changing a transverse temperature profile of the glass ribbon based stress characteristic information. In further examples, methods include the step of changing a transverse temperature profile of the glass ribbon only if a measured parameter is within an operating range associated with the parameter.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for improving strength of a thin glass member for an electronic device are disclosed. In one embodiment, the glass member can be strengthened chemically using a monitored ion exchange process in which the glass member is disposed in a glass ion exchange bath. In one embodiment, the glass member can pertain to a cover glass for housings of electronic devices.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a shape profile of a surface of a sheet of material includes a light source for providing a light beam to be directed at the surface of the sheet of material, a linear translation stage coupled to the light source for translating the light source over the surface of the sheet of material such that the light beam, when directed at the surface, is incident on the surface at multiple positions and produces a reflected light beam at each of the multiple positions, a plurality of light receivers located at predetermined positions for selectively intercepting the reflected light beam produced at each of the multiple positions, a data acquisition device configured to receive information related to position difference between the light source and a selected one of the plurality of light receivers intercepting the reflected light beam produced at each of the multiple positions, and a data analysis device configured to correlate the position difference information to a shape profile of the su

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for characterizing attributes of a moving glass sheet comprising complementary mechanical material handling technologies that progressively stabilize, position, capture, flatten, and release the lower portion of glass sheets traveling past the apparatus while posing minimal constraint on the top section of the sheet. The apparatus includes a pressure-vacuum (PV)-type device comprising distinct regions such that the glass sheets experience a non-contact but gradual increase in constraining force until the point where measurements can be performed, then a gradual decrease in constraining force until the glass sheets are released from the inspection station. This graduated force technique is applied along the direction of travel of the sheets and may also be applied vertically upwards along the height of the sheet to restrict the motion of the sheet without constraining it at pinch points near the conveyor.

Abstract: A method of forming, on the surface of a glass material, a raised feature having a height within a target range, comprising (1) providing a glass material having a surface, (2) providing the glass material locally, at a location at or below the surface, with an amount of energy causing local expansion of the glass material so as to raise a feature on the surface at the location, (3) detecting the height of the raised feature or the height over time of the raised feature, (4) (a) if the height is below or approaching a value below the target range, providing the glass material at the location with energy in a greater amount, or (b) if the height is above or approaching a value above the target range, providing the glass material at the location with energy in a lesser amount, and (5) repeating steps (3) and (4) as needed to bring the height within the target range. Methods and devices for automating this process are also disclosed.

Abstract: There are provided a method for measuring strength of a chemically strengthened glass, that reflects the state of actual drop fracture more appropriately, and can reproduce slow cracking in the chemically strengthened glass, a method for reproducing cracking of a chemically strengthened glass, and a method for producing a chemically strengthened glass. Load is applied to an indenter having a tip formed into a sharp shape having a minimum angle ?min of cross-section of less than 120° , the indenter is pushed into a chemically strengthened glass under a static load condition such that the tip is vertical to a surface of the chemically strengthened glass, and the load when the chemically strengthened glass cracks is measured.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for melting a composition of raw materials including introducing the composition in an oven to form a layer (2) at the surface of the molten pool (4). An oxycombustion burner (10) is arranged above the pool and directed towards the composition layer (2) to produce a melting front (3). Parameters of the burner are adjusted to produce a large covering flame (12) causing an essentially radiation-based thermal transfer. Additionally, a plane containing a longitudinal section of the flame (Z-Z) and a horizontal direction perpendicular to the axis of the oven (X-X) intersects the melting front (3) at a height (h) included ranging between one third and half of the thickness of the composition (e). Such a method provides for a stable operation of the oven and is particularly adapted to a large-capacity oven.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for identifying a glass defect source, whereby a glass defect source can directly be identified without using a mathematical simulation. The method for identifying a glass defect source, which comprises a step of constructing a glass melting furnace by using, as lining furnace material, a fusion cast refractory containing at least one tracer component selected from Cs2O, SrO, BaO and ZnO, a step of melting a glass material by the glass melting furnace and forming the molten glass material to produce glass products, and a step of extracting one having a glass defect from the glass products and analyzing its component composition to determine the position of a glass defect source in the glass melting furnace.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for temperature monitoring of Horizontal Tempering and bending system (HTBS) furnace in glass industries. The present invention improves furnace heaters shut down performance, thereby causing longer lifetime for furnace equipments. The present invention further increases transparency for output tempered and bent glass. The present invention discloses multiple sensors for temperature control of the furnace, wherein said sensors provide a precise and accurate measurement of the glass temperature separately. After acquiring sensors data, the fusion process is done using Bayesian approach in order to achieve more accurate values for glass temperature, thereby enhancing the system performance and decreasing the number of unnecessary emergency shut downs (unnecessary ESDs) of the furnace heating elements, which are produced due to false alarms.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically adjusting I.S. machine timing to maintain desired vertical glass distribution to improve process yield and quality while reducing dependence on operator skill. Deficiencies in the vertical glass distribution are rapidly addressed by automatically varying the start of final blow to allow more or less stretching of the parison, and more fundamentally addressed by adjusting the cooling of the parison mold. The cooling time of the parison mold may be adjusted by using final blow timing error correction or by also using parison mold temperature error correction.

Abstract: In a method of making a glass sheet using an overflow fusion downdraw process, a glass sheet quality metric level Q1 is selected, where Q1 is a measure of allowable retardation in the glass sheet. A glass ribbon temperature T1 at which a potential glass ribbon thermal artifact could occur in a glass ribbon while the glass ribbon is being drawn through a drawing machine enclosure is identified. A thermal artifact envelope E1 is determined, where E1 contains types of glass ribbon thermal artifacts allowable at T1 and Q1. A glass melt is overflowed from an isopipe to form a glass ribbon at the root of the isopipe. The glass ribbon is drawn below the root of the isopipe through the drawing machine enclosure to form the glass sheet.

Abstract: Methods for controlling thickness variations across the width of a glass ribbon (104) are provided. The methods employ a set of thermal elements (106) for locally controlling the temperature of the ribbon (104). The operating values for the thermal elements (106) are selected using an iterative procedure in which thickness variations measured during a given iteration are employed in a mathematical procedure which selects the operating values for the next iteration. In practice, the method can bring thickness variations of glass sheets within commercial specifications in just a few iterations, e.g., 2-4 iterations.

Abstract: In a method of making a glass sheet using an overflow fusion downdraw process, a glass sheet quality metric level Q1 is selected, where Q1 is a measure of allowable retardation in the glass sheet. A glass ribbon temperature T1 at which a potential glass ribbon thermal artifact could occur in a glass ribbon while the glass ribbon is being drawn through a drawing machine enclosure is identified. A thermal artifact envelope E1 is determined, where E1 contains types of glass ribbon thermal artifacts allowable at T1 and Q1. A glass melt is overflowed from an isopipe to form a glass ribbon at the root of the isopipe. The glass ribbon is drawn below the root of the isopipe through the drawing machine enclosure to form the glass sheet.

Abstract: The float glass apparatus has a glass melt producing unit including a melting tank and a refining tank for the glass melt, a float tank including a metallic basin and metal bath contained in the basin, conducting devices for conducting the glass melt from the glass melt producing unit to the metal bath and auxiliary devices as needed. In order to minimize bubble defects and extend service life of apparatus parts made from platinum or a platinum alloy, the apparatus includes a device for minimizing direct current flowing between the glass melt producing unit and the float tank, which includes an auxiliary electrode connected with ground and located in the glass melt producing unit in electrical contact with the glass melt and a direct electrical connection between the metallic basin of the float tank and ground.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for cutting a continuous glass ribbon involving the use of edge restrainers such as suction cups and clamps connected to an actuator of a robot tooling through a flexible linkage capable of reciprocal motion in the direction of the ribbon velocity. The use of the flexible linkage reduces peak pulling-force when the glass ribbon is pulled or pushed laterally to during bending and separation along a pre-formed score-line. The invention can be advantageously used in the bottom of the draw of a vertical down-draw forming process.

Abstract: A method of controlling blister formation in a glass melt flowing through a system comprising one or more refractory metal vessels by developing a blister index and determining the critical blister index value. The critical value of the blister index may be used to control the principal variables responsible for blister formation, including the water content of the melt, the concentration of reduced multivalent oxide compounds in the melt, and the hydrogen partial pressure of an atmosphere in contact with the outside surface of the refractory metal vessel. Also disclosed is a minimum partial pressure of hydrogen necessary to produce an essentially blister-free glass article in a glass essentially free of arsenic and antimony.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for making glass are provided. The apparatus comprise a first glass melt station and a standpipe. The standpipe includes a first end portion in fluid communication with the first glass melt station. The standpipe further includes a gravity trap that is configured to inhibit formed impurities from traveling from at least a portion of the standpipe through the first end portion of the standpipe. The methods comprise the steps of providing the first glass melt station with glass melt, sensing a condition of a quantity of glass melt within the standpipe, and inhibiting formed impurities from traveling from at least a portion of the standpipe through the first end portion of the standpipe.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a glass substrate which ensures removal of abrasive and other foreign matter without making a cleaning step complicated involves cleaning the glass substrate by scrubbing using two or more types of cleaning liquid having different Si element elution abilities. The cleaning liquid having the highest Si element elution is used first, and the cleaning liquid having the lowest Si element elution is used last.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a glass substrate containing SiO2 as a main ingredient thereof and having a uniform and minute pattern of stripes formed on the surface thereof by ultraprecision polishing includes a step of inspecting whether or not, at the topmost surface portion of the glass substrate after polishing, a given property of a bound energy of the Si atom with respect to the electrons occupying a 2P orbit as determined by XPS is equal to or less than a predetermined value, and the given property is a shift amount of the bound energy or a half-value width of the bound energy distribution, the predetermined value is 0.10 eV or 2.15 eV, respectively.

Abstract: A scoring device is described herein that applies a constant force while scoring a piece of material so that there is a consistent score quality (or vent depth) within the scored piece of material. In one embodiment, the piece of material is a bowed shaped glass sheet that is supported by a conformable nosing device which has been configured to have a bowed shape that substantially matches the bowed shape of the glass sheet.

Abstract: A method for processing a coated glass substrate may include a high-temperature activation process.