Abstract: A method for minimizing data transfer and storage utilization on cloud object storage systems is disclosed. In one embodiment, such a method replicates a file from a production system to a cloud object storage system. The method determines whether a number of hard links associated with the file is greater than one. In the event the number is greater than one, the method creates, on the cloud object storage system, a special object for the file and associates the file with the special object. Upon creating a hard link on the production system in association with the file, the method replicates the hard link from the production system to the cloud object storage system without replicating data associated with the file. A metadata reference to the special object is added to the hard link on the cloud object storage system. A corresponding system and computer program product are also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for performing low-latency multi-job submission via a single job descriptor is described herein. An apparatus embodiment includes a plurality of descriptor queues to stores job descriptors describing work to be performed and enqueue circuitry to receive a first job descriptor which includes a first field to store a Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) width. If the SIMD width indicates that the first job descriptor is an SIMD job descriptor and open slots are available in the descriptor queues to store new job descriptors, then the enqueue circuitry is to generate a plurality of job descriptors based on fields of the first job descriptor and to store them in the open slots of the descriptor queues. The generated job descriptors are processed by processing pipelines to perform the work described. At least some of the generated job descriptors are processed concurrently or in parallel by different processing pipelines.

Abstract: One or more engine instances are executed on each host to form an engine cluster. A plurality of control instances are executed on a first set of hosts to form a control cluster and comprise a control instance leader and one or more control instance followers. In response to a first host indicating a failure of a neighbor host, a pair-wise focused investigation is initiated to check peer-to-peer connections between the first host and the neighbor host. In response to one or more additional hosts indicating failures of neighbor hosts while the pair-wise focused investigation is being performed, a wide investigation is performed to check connections between the control cluster and the plurality of hosts. One or more hosts are added to an eviction list and an eviction protocol is performed to evict the one or more hosts from the engine cluster using the eviction list.

Abstract: The technology described herein allows a sender to initiate generation of a collaborative asset, which may be a video generated by merging videos provided by a group of users. The technology can facilitate the generation and collection of digital assets, such as video, images, and audio recordings from a group of users designed by the sender. The collaborative asset may be associated with a tangible object using a unique identifier located on the tangible object. The collaborative asset may be stored in computer memory on a user-experience server and associated with the unique identifier. When the unique identifier is provided to the user-experience server a second time, the collaborative asset can be retrieved and output to the computing device that provided the unique identifier. Thus, a user can initiate generation of a collaborative asset.

Abstract: A shared-nothing database system is provided in which parallelism and workload balancing are increased by assigning the rows of each table to “slices”, and storing multiple copies (“duplicas”) of each slice across the persistent storage of multiple nodes of the shared-nothing database system. When the data for a table is distributed among the nodes of a shared-nothing system in this manner, requests to read data from a particular row of the table may be handled by any node that stores a duplica of the slice to which the row is assigned. For each slice, a single duplica of the slice is designated as the “primary duplica”. All DML operations (e.g. inserts, deletes, updates, etc.) that target a particular row of the table are performed by the node that has the primary duplica of the slice to which the particular row is assigned. The changes made by the DML operations are then propagated from the primary duplica to the other duplicas (“secondary duplicas”) of the same slice.

Abstract: A cyber-threat defense system for a network including its email domain protects this network from cyber threats. Modules utilize machine learning models as well communicate with a cyber threat module. Modules analyze the wide range of metadata from the observed email communications. The cyber threat module analyzes with the machine learning models trained on a normal behavior of email activity and user activity associated with the network and in its email domain in order to determine when a deviation from the normal behavior of email activity and user activity is occurring. A mass email association detector determines a similarity between highly similar emails being i) sent from or ii) received by a collection of two or more individual users in the email domain in a substantially simultaneous time frame. Mathematical models can be used to determine similarity weighing in order to derive a similarity score between compared emails.

Abstract: A distributed storage system may store data object instances in persistent storage and may store keymap information for those data object instances in a distributed hash table on multiple computing nodes. Each data object instance may include a composite key containing a user key. The keymap information for each data object instance may map the user key to a locator and the locator to the data object instance. A request to store or retrieve keymap information for a data object instance may be routed to a particular computing node based on a consistent hashing scheme in which a hash function is applied to a portion of the composite key of the data object instance. Thus, related entries may be clustered on the same computing nodes. The portion of the key to which the hash function is applied may include a pre-determined number of bits or be identified using a delimiter.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided for intelligent, integrated, and interactive remote reporting. A remote natural language request for a report may be received from a user at an edge device. A first machine learning model may generate a list of existing reports based on past usage by the user. If no existing report satisfies the request, a second, enterprise-level machine learning model may map the request to relevant data sets and rank the mapped data sets along with additional related data sets based on enterprise-wide usage. An integrated reporting platform may receive selected data sets and report parameters as a JSON request, convert the request to compatible executable instructions, and generate the report. The integrated reporting platform may be a wrapper layer encompassing multiple proprietary reporting engines. Feedback from the integrated reporting platform may be applied to update the machine learning models.

Abstract: One or more computing devices, systems, and/or methods for cross-domain action prediction are provided. Action sequence embeddings are generated based upon a textual embedding and a graph embedding utilizing past user action sequences corresponding to sequences of past actions performed by users across a plurality of domains. An autoencoder is trained to utilize the action sequence embeddings to project the action sequence embeddings to obtain intent space vectors. A service switch classifier is trained using the intent space vectors. In response to the service switch classifier predicting that a current user will switch from a current domain to a next domain, the current user is provided with a recommendation of an action corresponding to the next domain.

Abstract: A system includes least one processor to display a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising at least one user interface element that when selected captures at least one image by an imaging device, display a carousel GUI that shows a first contact card from a list of contact cards, the first contact card comprising a name of a first contact, the phone number of the first contact, and the email address of the first contact displayed as a first layer that displays on top of a second layer comprising the at least one image and simultaneously display a first map GUI that shows a map of where the at least one image of the imaging device is captured.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves systems, software, and computer implemented methods for creating an extension field across system tenants in a customer landscape. One example method includes receiving a request to add an extension field to an entity used in a customer landscape. Entity-using system tenants that use the entity are determined. Event-pairing information is provided to each entity-using system tenant to enable receiving of extension field events. Field attribute values for a set of field attributes for the extension field are received. A field creation event is generated that instructs a system tenant receiving the field creation event to create a local field that has a target state of the extension field in that system tenant. The field creation event is sent to each entity-using system tenant.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer storage media for processing search queries using relevance-based search refinement are provided. In response to a search query, search result items are displayed on a search interface along with selectable guidance attributes. The guidance attributes are an identified ranked set of characteristics of items based on historical user interactions of users interacting with the search result items provided in response to the search query. Upon selection of a guidance attribute, a guidance-attribute control having embedded selectable values is displayed. A selection of an embedded value is received to cause execution of an embedded-value search operation. A first embedded-value search operation is executed to identify a subset of the items using the selected value.

Abstract: A data processing system implements receiving query text for a search query for textual content recommendation. The query text includes one or more words indicating a type of textual content items being sought. The system implements analyzing the query text using a first machine learning (ML) model to obtain encoded query text, where the first ML model is trained to identify features within the query text and to generate the encoded query text by mapping the features to a hyper-dimensional latent space (HDLS). The system implements identifying one or more content items in a database of encoded content items mapped to the HDLS that satisfy the search query by comparing attributes of the encoded query text with attributes of the encoded content items to identify content items that are closest to the encoded query text within the HDLS, and causing the one or more content items to be displayed.

Abstract: A method for targeted content insertion in real-time streaming. The method leverages the different ordered signals available on a multi-step process that clients follow when subscribing to a real-time media (video and/or audio) stream including selecting a region, connecting to a control channel, and subscribing to a stream to guide a multi-stage process of content selection, transcoding, and insertion in a real-time media stream. A system is also specified for implementing the described method on a real-time streaming architecture.

Abstract: A system for preventing unauthorized replay of a software container is disclosed. The system comprises a container manager configured to receive a software container from a customer and send a software container validation request comprising a software container identity in response. The software container enables delivery of a network slice and comprises a plurality of elements. The system also comprises an anti-rollback platform that is configured to receive the validation request from the container manager, search a data store for the software container identity, compare the elements of the software container to corresponding elements stored in the data store as associated with the software container identity in response to locating the software container identity in the data store, and validate the software container based on the comparison. The container manager provides the network slice to the customer in response to the validation.

Abstract: An asset stored on a storage device of a computer system is detected to be omitted from an asset-specific access policy. Using a utilization history of the asset, a criticality of the asset is scored, generating a first criticality score for the asset. Using the first criticality score, the asset is classified into a policy category. A selected access policy selected from a set of access policies assigned to a set of assets in the policy category is applied to the asset, the selected access policy specifying an access restriction of the asset.

Abstract: An accelerator is disclosed. The accelerator may include a memory that may store a dictionary table. An address generator may be configured to generate an address in the dictionary table based on an encoded value, which may have an encoded width. An output filter may be configured to filter a decoded value from the dictionary table based on the encoded value, the encoded width, and a decoded width of the decoded data. The accelerator may be configured to support at least two different encoded widths.

Abstract: Denoising of technology logs and presentation of resulting user interfaces that display actions/log entries in ranked order of importance. Specifically, technology logs are received for a plurality of entities (e.g., users, devices, systems or the like). In response to receiving the technology logs, a rarity indicator is determined for the various recorded actions/entries in all of the received logs based on the number of occurrences in all of the received logs. Subsequently, an importance indicator is determined for each recorded action in a corresponding technology log based on the rarity indicator and the number of occurrences of the recorded action in the corresponding technology log. In response to determining the importance indicator, user interface(s) are generated and displayed that provide for the actions to be displayed in ranked order of their importance indicators.

Abstract: A virtual machine container file is analyzed to determine which portion of the virtual machine container file corresponds to a virtual machine file system metadata of the virtual machine container file. One or more differences between a first version of a virtual machine container file and a second version of the virtual machine container file are determined at least in part by traversing a snapshot structure associated with the virtual machine container file. The determined one or more differences that corresponds to the virtual machine file system metadata portion of the virtual machine container file are identified based at least in part on the analysis of the virtual machine container file.

Abstract: A method for extending data lifetime for reference in deduplication is provided. The method includes determining that a quantity of user data has at least a threshold amount of data that is re-created in a storage system. The method includes protecting at least portions of the quantity of user data from erasure by garbage collection in the storage system during a predetermined time interval, wherein the protected at least portions are available for data deduplication of further user data in the storage system during the predetermined time interval.

Abstract: A method of compiling a software application as modular software build, comprising: creating a dependency tree defining a plurality of dependency relations between a plurality of code segments of a software code of a software application, each one of the plurality of dependency relations defines at least one of a functionality dependency, a parameter dependency and a structure dependency between a pair of the plurality of code segments; separately compiling each of the a plurality of code segments into one of a plurality of executable segment modules; and creating a core module adapted to be installed on a client device having a processor for loading the plurality of executable segment modules according to the plurality of dependency relations for an execution of the software application.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer readable medium storing an image processing program causing a computer to execute image processing, the image processing program causing the computer to execute: a person storage step of storing a person region that is a region that includes a person detected in a frame image and is smaller than the frame image; an image acquisition step of acquiring the frame image from a moving image; a detection region setting step of setting a detection region that is a region based on the person region stored in the person storage step in the frame image acquired in the image acquisition step; and a person detection step of detecting the person from the detection region set in the detection region setting step.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed relating to using different process groups to control allocation of execution resources for database connection processes that handle application requests. In disclosed embodiments, a database server receives a request from an application server for database resources, including application information specifying one or more attributes of the request. The server may assign a database connection process to access a database for the request and assign the database connection process to a process group based on the application information. The server may assign execution resources based on resource allocation parameters that are associated with the assigned process group.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein comprise a user interface for searching, analyzing, and interpreting documents obtained from computer databases. Exemplary systems and methods receive a user input and automatically identify, analyze, and interpret unmet technical needs and/or technical problems in specific areas of technology based on that input. Other exemplary systems and methods automatically identify, analyze, and interpret unmet technical needs and/or technical problems across numerous areas of technology based on similar user input. Other exemplary systems and methods receive user input and automatically identify, analyze, and interpret documents associated with a company to determine one or more technical capabilities of that company.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to systems, methods, and computer readable media for performing multi-format, multi-protocol message threading in a way that is most beneficial for the individual user. Users desire a system that will provide for ease of message threading by “stitching” together related communications in a manner that is seamless from the user's perspective. Such stitching together of communications across multiple formats and protocols may occur, e.g., by: 1) direct user action in a centralized communications application (e.g., by a user clicking ‘Reply’ on a particular message); 2) using semantic matching (or other search-style message association techniques); 3) element-matching (e.g., matching on subject lines or senders/recipients/similar quoted text, etc.); and 4) “state-matching” (e.g., associating messages if they are specifically tagged as being related to another message, sender, etc. by a third-party service, e.g., a webmail provider or Instant Messaging (IM) service).

Abstract: In general, the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in methods, systems, and program products for providing search results automatically to a user of a computing device. A spoken input provided by a user to a computing device is received. The spoken input is transmitted to a computer server system that is remote from the computing device. Search result information that is responsive to the spoken input is receiving by the computing device and in response to the transmitted spoken input. An alert is provided to the user that the device will connect the user to a target of the search result information if the user does not intervene to stop the connecting of the user. The user is connected to the target of the search result information based on a determination that the user has not intervened to stop the connecting of the user.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for providing computer implemented services using managed systems are disclosed. To provide the computer implemented services, the managed systems may be deployed to a location and operate in a predetermined manner conducive to, for example, execution of applications that provide the computer implemented services. When deployed to a location, the managed systems may be housed in a managed system frame. The managed system frames may include systems to guide placement of managed system in preferred frame units, remotely identify occupancy of the frame units, and/or the frame units against unexpected removals of or insertion of devices in the frame units.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed in which a server computer system manages a database cache for multiple different tenants. The system may retrieve, from a database cache storing data for different tenants, a set of key-value entries and cache metadata for the set of key-value entries. Further, the system may identify, based on analyzing keys of key-value entries, tenants corresponding to respective ones of the set of key-value entries. The system may generate, based on the identified tenants and cache metadata for cache entries corresponding to the identified tenants, current usage metrics for the database cache. Based on the current usage metrics for the cache, the system may determine whether to adjust one or more operation parameters of the cache. Disclosed cache management techniques may advantageously allow for analysis of cache usage metrics for individual tenants and more efficient use of the cache (e.g., by altering cache parameters for individual tenants).

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for inserting custom content. An example method can comprise receiving, at a first computing device, an insertion instruction over a first non-packet-switching protocol information stream. The method can also comprise querying, by the first computing device, a second computing device in response to receiving the insertion instruction. The method can further comprise receiving, at the first computing device, content over a packet-switching protocol information stream in response to querying the second computing device. The content can be customized for an end-user associated with the first computing device.

Abstract: The described technology is generally directed towards garbage collecting content selection graphs and related data from in an in-memory content selection graph data store. When a set of content selection graphs expire, a more current content selection graph set becomes active, and the storage space (e.g., in a Redis cache) used by the expired content selection graphs is reclaimed via garbage collection. Some graphs can be replaced before use, referred to as orphaned graphs, and the storage space for any such orphaned graphs is also reclaimed during garbage collection. Also garbage collected is storage space including related data structures used to generate and validate graphs.

Abstract: A multimodal recommendation identification system analyzes data describing a sequence of past content item interactions to generate a recommendation for a content item for a user. An indication of the recommended content item is provided to a website hosting system or recommendation system so that the recommended content item is displayed or otherwise presented to the user. The multimodal recommendation identification system identifies a content item to recommend to the user by generating an encoding that encodes identifiers of the sequence of content items the user has interacted with and generating encodings that encode multimodal information for content items in the sequence of content items the user has interacted with. An aggregated information encoding for a user based on these encodings and a system analyzes the content item sequence encoding and interaction between the content item sequence encoding and the multiple modality encodings to generate the aggregated information encoding.

Abstract: An editing terminal includes a simple display data acquisition unit that acquires simple display data from an item management server, an item selection processing unit that receives selection of an item from a plurality of items displayed using the simple display data, a three-dimensional data acquisition unit that acquires three-dimensional data of a selected item from the item management server, and an editing processing unit that displays an editing space on an editing screen on the basis of editing space information, receives an input of operation information regarding editing of the editing space using the three-dimensional data of the selected item, transmits the operation information to an editing server, and displays the editing space after editing on the editing screen.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods relating to providing corridor metrics based on road network data and telematic data.

Abstract: A recording medium stores a communication program executed by communication devices and causing: a first computer of a first communication device, on a side of providing data, to register first metadata including the data and attribute information; a second computer of a second communication device, on a side of using the data, to register second metadata including a processing service when processing and using the data and attribute information; the first computer to determine whether or not to approve the processing service based on the first and second metadata; and when the determination of whether or not to approve is to approve, a third computer of a third communication device, on a side of processing the data, to execute data processing based on the processing service in a data processing environment that disapproves access from the first and second communication devices to the data and the processing service.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for generating and using a knowledge graph. In an aspect, the knowledge graph may be generated based on data fields for one or more datasets associated with one or more parameters extracted from a group of chart data structures. In another aspect, a query dataset may be analyzed, and one or more query data fields may be extracted from the query dataset. The one or more query data fields may be compared to a knowledge graph stored in a graph database to determine one or more result data fields. A context may be determined for each of the one or more result data fields, and an associated data set may be determined. Based on the context, each of the associated data sets may be scored, and a recommended analysis may be presented to a user.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and computer-readable media facilitating efficiently scaling result caching are disclosed herein. An example method includes generating an index based on a plurality of source data objects in an object storage system. The generated index comprises a manifest, at least one symbol file, and at least one locality file. The example method also includes receiving a search query for the plurality of source data objects stored in the object storage system, and querying the generated index based on the search query and a manifest root file of the manifest. Additionally, the example method includes generating a materialized view of a result set of the search query based on the querying of the generated index. The example method also includes storing a cached manifest file at the generated index, the cached manifest file mapping the search query to a segment of the generated index based on the result set.

Abstract: Methods for extending cell broadcast notifications to various access technologies and enterprise communication infrastructure. A method includes obtaining, by a controller, a cellular broadcast message of a public warning system and identifying, by the controller, at least one network entity, from among a plurality of network entities operating in a private radio network, based on the at least one network entity being within a location area specified in the cellular broadcast message. The method further includes providing, by the controller to the at least one network entity, the cellular broadcast message.

Abstract: A method for performing recursive searching of items of a data structure having a data mode includes creating an instance of a query definition, the instance of the query definition comprising a unique identifier, specifying one or more elements of the query definition, providing the query definition as an input to a query engine. The method further includes the operations of determining, by the query engine, query execution instructions based on the query definition, the query instructions specifying a recursive level-by-level search until a terminal node of the data structure is reached, obtaining results of a query executed based on the query execution instructions; and outputting query results.

Abstract: An apparatus is capable of sharing information through a presence service in a communication network and capable of providing presence information of a Mobile Station (MS). The apparatus extracts at least one of application information and contents indication information from an application in execution. Presence information is generated that includes at least one of the application information and the contents indication information, and transmitting the presence information to a presence server.

Abstract: An electronic payment system, a computer-implemented method, and a computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer executable program code for processing of the electronic medical invoices and reimbursement of medical costs is disclosed herein. The electronic payment system comprises a server operable for execution of an application management component and a set of server applications comprising receiver applications and processing applications, wherein the server comprises a processing unit and a memory storing computer executable code which when executed by the processing unit cases the server to execute the computer-implemented method.

Abstract: A method, according to one example, includes receiving, by a system including a processor, a three-dimensional (3D) data array defined in a 3D rectangular coordinate space. The method includes transforming, by the system, the 3D data array into a radial array defined in a spherical coordinate space. The method includes generating, by the system, a 3D immersive visualization of the radial array in which a user appears to be immersed within the radial array. The method includes continually modifying the 3D immersive visualization based on movement of the user.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for generating data describing context clusters and context cluster probabilities, wherein each context cluster includes query inputs based on the input context for each of the query inputs and the content described by each query input, and each context cluster probability indicates a probability that at a query input that belongs to the context cluster will be selected by the user, receiving, from a user device, an indication of a user event that includes data indicating a context of the user device, selecting as a selected context cluster, based on the context cluster probabilities for each of the context clusters and the context of the user device, a context cluster for selection input by the user device, and providing, to the user device, data that causes the user device to display a context cluster selection input that indicates the selected context cluster for user selection.

Abstract: A method, non-transitory computer readable medium and device that assists with preventing distributed denial of service attack includes receiving a request for a web resource from a client computing device. The received requested for the web resource is determined for presence of referrer header information. When the received request is determined to include the referrer header information, then the referrer header information is checked whether it includes a known domain and a valid cookie associated with the known domain. A distributed denial of service attack is prevented by providing a proactive challenge to the requesting client computing device when received request for the web resource does not include the referrer header information or when the referrer header information comprises the known domain and does not include the valid cookie.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer-readable medium are disclosed for creating image recognition models, which can be operated on smartphone or similar device. The smartphone captures images of hardware in a data center. The captured images are processed to produce a full set of annotated images. The full set is minimized to a simplified set and trained to create a mobile image recognition model implemented by the smartphone or similar device.

Abstract: A shared-nothing database system is provided in which parallelism and workload balancing are increased by assigning the rows of each table to “slices”, and storing multiple copies (“duplicas”) of each slice across the persistent storage of multiple nodes of the shared-nothing database system. When the data for a table is distributed among the nodes of a shared-nothing system in this manner, requests to read data from a particular row of the table may be handled by any node that stores a duplica of the slice to which the row is assigned. For each slice, a single duplica of the slice is designated as the “primary duplica”. All DML operations (e.g. inserts, deletes, updates, etc.) that target a particular row of the table are performed by the node that has the primary duplica of the slice to which the particular row is assigned. The changes made by the DML operations are then propagated from the primary duplica to the other duplicas (“secondary duplicas”) of the same slice.

Abstract: A system and method of performing a cross-datasource query to provide a cross-datasource query result. A composite shape comprises a composite shape query and a plurality of shape identifiers identifying a plurality of shapes. Each of the plurality of shapes comprises a datasource identifier identifying a datasource and a shape query defining a query to be performed on the datasource. The composite shape is used to perform the composite shape query across the datasources identified in the plurality of shapes to provide the cross-datasource query result.

Abstract: One or more computing devices, systems, and/or methods for cross-domain action prediction are provided. Action sequence embeddings are generated based upon a textual embedding and a graph embedding utilizing past user action sequences corresponding to sequences of past actions performed by users across a plurality of domains. An autoencoder is trained to utilize the action sequence embeddings to project the action sequence embeddings to obtain intent space vectors. A service switch classifier is trained using the intent space vectors. In response to the service switch classifier predicting that a current user will switch from a current domain to a next domain, the current user is provided with a recommendation of an action corresponding to the next domain.

Abstract: A shared-nothing database system is provided in which parallelism and workload balancing are increased by assigning the rows of each table to “slices”, and storing multiple copies (“duplicas”) of each slice across the persistent storage of multiple nodes of the shared-nothing database system. When the data for a table is distributed among the nodes of a shared-nothing system in this manner, requests to read data from a particular row of the table may be handled by any node that stores a duplica of the slice to which the row is assigned. For each slice, a single duplica of the slice is designated as the “primary duplica”. All DML operations (e.g. inserts, deletes, updates, etc.) that target a particular row of the table are performed by the node that has the primary duplica of the slice to which the particular row is assigned. The changes made by the DML operations are then propagated from the primary duplica to the other duplicas (“secondary duplicas”) of the same slice.

Abstract: An electronic manual system for a machine tool: generates an inquiry code on the basis of information relating to a user including a manufacture number of a machine tool; refers, on the basis of the inquiry code, to a user information database in which information relating to the machine tool and user identification information are associated with each other and stored; acquires, from an instruction manual database which stores electronic data of an instruction manual for the machine tool possessed by the user, a corresponding electronic manual; and displays the electronic manual on a manual display terminal.

Abstract: A query directed at a source table organized into a set of batch units is received. The query includes a pattern matching predicate that specifies a search pattern. A set of N-grams are generated based on the search pattern. A pruning index associated with the source table is accessed. The pruning index comprises a set of filters that index distinct N-grams in each column of the source table. The pruning index is used to identify a subset of batch units to scan for matching data based on the set of N-grams generated for the search pattern. The query is processed by scanning the subset of batch units.