Abstract: A method for performing authentication of a client device using a hash chain includes: receiving a first data request from a client device, the first data request including at least a user identifier and a first hash value; transmitting a first data response message to the client device; receiving a second data request from the client device, the second data request including at least the user identifier and a second hash value; generating a validating hash value by applying a hashing algorithm to the second hash value; validating the first hash value as being equal to the generated validating hash value; and transmitting a second data response message to the client device upon successful validation of the first hash value, wherein the second data response message includes one or more data values associated with the user identifier.

Abstract: Embodiments include systems and methods for delivering Dynamic Adaptive Streaming Over Hypertext Transfer Protocol (DASH) content through Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC). Various embodiments may enable the mapping of DASH content onto WebRTC transport sessions. Various embodiments may enable the reuse of encryption contexts.

Abstract: A network device may delegate a first prefix length to a primary WAN interface and delegate a second prefix length to a backup WAN interface. The network device may assign a first primary prefix and a first backup prefix to a first VLAN interface and may assign a second primary prefix and a second backup prefix to a second VLAN interface. The network device may provide egress traffic from host devices, connected to the first VLAN interface and to the second VLAN interface, to the primary WAN interface and without prefix translation, when the primary WAN interface is available. The network device may provide ingress traffic to the host devices, via the primary WAN interface and without prefix translation, when the primary WAN interface is available.

Abstract: A policy interpreter detects that an application container has been added in a container system, and opens a stored manifest for the application container. The policy interpreter retrieves running services information regarding the application container, and generates a security policy for the application container. The security policy defines a set of actions for which the application container can perform, and the set of actions are determined using the manifest and the running service information associated with the application container. The policy interpreter loads the security policy at a security container. The security container blocks an action performed by the application container in response to determining that the action performed by the application container does not match any action in the set of actions defined in the security policy. The policy interpreter transmits the security policy to a graphical user interface container for presentation to a user via a display device.

Abstract: A maze-based switch generally having three functional blocks is disclosed. The first functional block handles communications by accepting an entered maze pattern from an external system controller and outputting the entered maze pattern (and optionally its directional complement) to the second functional block. The second functional block stores the maze pattern (and optionally its directional complement) to a permanent storage element and outputs the stored, entered maze pattern and its directional complement to a series of transistors in the third functional block. The third functional block is an electronic maze in which a correct maze pattern and its directional complement must be received by the transistors for the transistors to pass electrical power through the electronic maze to a connected element. The third functional block may alternatively be implemented with optical elements, optoelectronic elements, microelectromechanical elements, or elements formed by other microsystem technologies.

Abstract: A system and method for improving network performance of DNS queries. The system includes a terminal which receives DNS queries from a customer premise equipment (CPE), and supplies matching DNS records in response to the queries. The terminal monitors all traffic from the CPE and generates a preload list containing domains and a time schedule at which name resolution should be requested for the domains. A DNS preload client in the CPE receives the preload list from the terminal, and submits preload DNS queries for name resolution of domains contained in the preload list at times specified in the time schedule. Preload records supplied in response to the preload DNS queries are stored by the CPE and used to resolve DNS queries from applications installed on the CPE.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a computer readable medium storing a display control program for causing a computer to execute: a setting procedure of setting display control information of protected content to be protected based on authentication information; and a determination procedure of determining whether to permit display of the protected content and whether to cancel an authenticated state of the protected content based on the display control information set by the setting procedure.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a novel method for assessing the suitability of network links for connecting compute nodes located at different geographic sites. The method of some embodiments identifies and analyzes sample packets from a set of flows exchanged between first and second compute sites that are connected through a first network link in order to identify attributes of the sampled packets. The method also computes attributes of predicted packets between the identified samples in order to identify attributes of each flow in the set of flows. The method then uses the identified and computed attributes of each flow in the set of flows to emulate the set of flows passing between the two compute sites through the second network link in order to assess whether a second network link should be used for future flows (e.g., future flows exchanged between the first and second compute sites).

Abstract: Network devices that are inserted inline into network links and process in-transit packets may significantly improve their packet-throughput performance by not assigning L3 IP addresses and L2 MAC addresses to their network interfaces and thereby process packets through a logical fast path that bypasses the slow path through the operating system kernel. When virtualizing such Bump-In-The-Wire (BITW) devices for deployment into clouds, the network interfaces must have L3 IP and L2 MAC addresses assigned to them. Thus, packets are processed through the slow path of a virtual BITW device, significantly reducing the performance. By adding new logic to the virtual BITW device and/or configuring proxies, addresses, subnets, and/or routing tables, a virtual BITW device can process packets through the fast path and potentially improve performance accordingly. For example, the virtual BITW device may be configured to enforce a virtual path (comprising the fast path) through the virtual BITW device.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are provided herein to enable an authoritative DNS zone to utilize a forwarding service to resolve domain names that cannot be resolved by the authoritative DNS zone.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device including at least one wireless communication circuit configured to provide a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second RAT, at least one processor operatively connected to the at least one wireless communication circuit and configured to provide a first packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) related to the first RAT and a second PDCP related to the second RAT, a volatile memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and including, in at least a partial region thereof, a first buffer, and a nonvolatile memory operatively connected to the at least one processor or coupled to the processor. The electronic device may change a PDCP version of a data packet based on a change of a PDCP version. Besides, other various embodiments recognized through the present disclosure can be made.

Abstract: Techniques are described for adapting the format of streaming media based on received interactions with the media. In an embodiment, a client computer system receives from media streaming service an initial version of media in an initial media format. After the media is presented, a request to interact with the initial version of the media may be received. Such a request may cause the client system to generate a change request data for the initial version of media. Based at least in part on the change request data for the initial version of the media, the new format for streaming the media to the client computer system is determined. The client computer system receives the media streamed in the new format.

Abstract: A method for a proxyless protocol includes intercepting, from a client, a first Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection request requesting to establish a TCP connection between the client and a proxy for routing data to a destination server. The request includes client information and a first sequence number. The method also includes transmitting, to the destination server, a second TCP connection request to establish a TCP connection between the client and the destination server. The second request includes a second sequence number less than the first sequence number. The method also includes intercepting, from the destination server, an acknowledgment message indicating acknowledgment of the second TCP connection request. The method also includes transmitting, to the destination server, a proxy protocol header message with the client information.

Abstract: A data retrieval system can include a computing device that is configured to, in response to receiving a uniform resource locator from a user device, parse the uniform resource locator to identify a dynamic path variable. The computing device can be configured to generate a set of execution steps based on the received uniform resource locator. The computing device can also be configured to execute the set of execution steps to retrieve a set of data, the set of execution steps being executed based on the dynamic path variable in response to the dynamic path variable being identified. The computing device can further be configured to transform a user interface of the user device based on the set of data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for securely and remotely storing data in a remote, distributed redundant array of independent drives (RAID) is provided. RAID storage is accomplished through a series of mapped drives, non-routable Internet protocol (IP) addresses, and routable IP addresses. In addition, authorization to access a RAID controller, network address translation (NAT) system, and domain name system (DNS) system may all be separated, increasing security and allowing storage to be securely distributed among a variety of dispersed storage locations.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for connecting to an independent software vendor (ISV). The method includes receiving, at an integrated platform, a request to initiate a data connection with the ISV. The request may include a web address of the ISV. The method also includes associating, through the integrated platform, the data connection with a unique identifier. The method also includes issuing an authorization code based on authentication of an authorization request for the data connection. The method also includes exchanging, with a connector service, the authorization code for tokens utilized for establishing the data connection with the ISV. The method also includes receiving access to the ISV through the integrated platform.

Abstract: Measures for providing timer services in a network including a cluster of nodes responsible for providing timer services to clients. At a given node in the cluster, a request to provide a timer is received from a client. Configuration of a primary replica of the requested timer on a first node in the cluster to pop after a first time has elapsed is initiated. A first timer replication message is transmitted to a second node in the cluster, the first timer replication message indicating that the second node should configure a first backup replica of the requested timer. A second timer replication message is transmitted to a third node in the cluster, the second timer replication message indicating that the third node should configure a second backup replica of the requested timer. Popping of the primary, first backup or second backup timer replicas includes initiating callback of a given client.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for allocating requests to implement new workloads within a dynamic set of servers. Existing load balancing techniques can result in “focus firing” on new servers added to the set, since a load balancer may view a new server as underloaded. With sufficient intensity, focus firing can result in overshooting target load for the new server, and the new server in fact becoming overloaded. The present disclosure modifies selection of servers as potential targets for a workload by at least partly biasing against selection of young servers. The bias imposed can be scaled to avoid overloading new servers.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a network interface controller (NIC). The NIC can include a storage device, a network interface, a hardware list-processing engine (LPE), and a message state table (MST) logic block. The storage device can store an MST. The network interface can couple the NIC to a network. The LPE can perform message matching on a first packet of a message received via the network interface. The MST logic block can store results of the message matching in the MST and receive a request to read the results of the message matching from the MST if the NIC receives a second packet associated with the message.

Abstract: Embodiments detect malicious code in distributed software components. A detector element references a source code repository (e.g., open source, commercial) containing lines of various files of a distributed artifact. Subject to certain possible optimizations, the detector inspects the individual files and lines of the artifact file-by-file and line-by-line, to identify whether any commit history information is available from a Versioning Control System (VCS). A risk assessor element receives from the detector element, results identifying those lines and/or files for which no VCS commit history is available. The risk assessor then references code features (e.g., file extension, security-critical API calls) in the results, to generate a probability of the malicious nature of the source code lacking VCS commit history information. An analysis report including this probability and additional relevant information, is offered to a user to conduct further manual review (e.g.

Abstract: There is provided methods and devices for network management. A method includes receiving at least one data flow, transmitting in-band management packet periodically for each of the at least one data flow, receiving in-band acknowledgement packets for each of the at least one data flow, and producing network management data based on received in-band acknowledgement packets. A device includes a processor, and a non-transient computer readable memory having stored thereon machine executable instructions which when executed by the processor configure the device to execute the methods disclosed herein. A system includes a source node, a receiver and a data-plane device, the system configured to execute the methods disclosed herein.

Abstract: Embodiments include an electronic control unit comprising an audio input device for receiving an audio stream from an external audio source, the audio stream being split between an audio path and a haptic path; a wireless transceiver in the haptic path for transmitting the audio stream to at least one wearable haptic device using short-range wireless communication; and a processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to calculate an amount of latency associated with transmission of the audio stream to the wearable haptic device(s), and partition the audio stream into a plurality of audio packets including a time-to-play based on the calculated latency. The control unit further includes a buffer in the audio path for inserting a time delay into the audio stream based on the calculated latency, and an audio output device in the audio path for outputting the time-delayed audio stream to an external audio listening device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product aspects for generating and/or using virtual node(s) (e.g., virtual SPB node(s)) in a multi-area fabric (e.g., a multi-area SPB fabric). A multi-area network includes a first network area including a first set of network nodes. The multi-area network further includes a second network area including a second set of network nodes, where the second set of network nodes is outside of the first network area. The multi-area network further includes a virtual node including a logical Intermediate System to Intermediate System (ISIS) node representing at least one of the first set of network nodes and the second set of network nodes.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and non-transitory, machine-readable media to facilitate streaming in a local network are disclosed. A primary media device may be configured to: operate as a server in a local network, receive audio/video (A/V) content, and provide the A/V content to a first display. A secondary media device may be communicatively connected to the primary media device and may be configured to: operate as a client with respect to the primary media device in the local network, receive the A/V content from the primary media device, and provide the A/V content to a second display. The primary media device and the secondary media device may use multiple subnets in the local network. The primary media device and/or the secondary media device may select a first subnet of the multiple subnets to use based at least in part on a type of content to communicate via the first subnet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for continuous in-line monitoring of data-centric traffic to guarantee application performance. The method includes, in each switch of a plurality of switches in a network fabric, grouping all packets entering each respective switch of the plurality of switches based on either 5-tuple applications or EPG based applications, collecting performance statistics at every hop in the network fabric across all flows in-line in a flow table maintained in each respective switch and periodically exporting the performance statistics to analysis module.

Abstract: A method is provided for streaming transcoded HLS video from a video asset to allow a minimum startup delay time. A method includes pre-transcoding a first number of the HLS chunks. Then, once a request is received from a remote HLS client for the HLS video asset, transmitting a number of the pre-transcoded chunks to the remote HLS player. The pre-transcoded chunks are transmitted during a startup period until real-time transcoded chunks can be received and processed by the remote HLS player at a time position to allow seamless transition from the pre-transcoded chunks.

Abstract: A data transmission method, a terminal, and an access-network network element are disclosed. An interface is disposed on a policy client of UE and an operating system or an application layer of the UE. The interface is used to provide the operating system or the application layer with a policy related to the operating system or the application layer, and collect, from the operating system or the application layer, information required for a report. In this way, a dedicated transport channel is implemented by a bottom layer of the UE, reports and policies are transmitted on the dedicated transport channel, and during implementation, a protocol is not coupled with the application layer or the operating system, so that the system is simple to implement.

Abstract: Non-limiting examples of the present disclosure describe implementation of an exemplary synchronization protocol to identify file data for synchronization as well as negotiate how to achieve data transport for synchronization of the file data. In one example, a request for synchronization of data is received from a processing device. In response to receiving the request, a response is generated. The response may comprise: identification of file data for synchronization, instructions for accessing the file data and instructions indicating a data transport protocol to utilize to obtain the file data. The response may be transmitted to the processing device, for example, to enable the processing device to synchronize file data. Other examples are also described.

Abstract: A system and method are provided to support a scenario where a cluster of HTTP—Hypertext Transfer Protocol—servers has to accept and maintain permanently open HTTP connections with a large number of client devices. The proposed system relies on HTTP/2 and Server-sent Events—SSE—in order to keep connections open and to allow bidirectional message exchange between client and server. It is comprised by following computational entities: at least one connection redirector entity, at least two connection handler entities, a location registry entity and an execution server entity configured to support an API implementation adapted to provide an interface for external systems. The connection between the system and the client device is performed through an internet connection.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes: a LINK for performing protocol-conversion on a signal from a Master and outputting the converted signal to a Slave SerDes and for performing protocol-conversion on a signal from the Slave SerDes and outputting the converted signal to the Master, the LINK being capable of alternatively selecting a first mode and a second mode when transmitting the signal from the Master to the Slave SerDes, in the first mode, the LINK converting the signal transmitted from the Master into a signal of a first communication standard in units of one byte, receiving a signal of the first communication standard including one of an ACK signal representing an affirmative response and a NACK signal representing a negative response after transmitting the converted signal to the Slave SerDes, converting the received signal into a signal of a second communication standard, and transmitting the converted signal to the Master.

Abstract: Systems and methods for out-of-band communications in the domain name system (DNS) are disclosed. Embodiments include a system for negotiating DNS services in the DNS. The system includes an in-band communication channel connecting a first party and a second party, and one or more out-of-band communication channels connecting the first party and the second party. The first party performs messaging for the DNS services with the second party using the in-band communication channel. Further, the first party advertises terms of the DNS service offered by the second party using the one or more out-of-band communication channels.

Abstract: At least some embodiments are directed to a system that receives from an online portal loaded in a computing device, a user request to instantiate a server cluster in a hybrid computer network. The system authenticates and redirects the user request to a selected computer network configured in the hybrid computer network. The system instantiates the server cluster in the selected computer network causing the server cluster to initiate a microservice agent during bootup. The system sends a command to the server cluster to initiate the execution of a process and receives from the microservice agent event data associated with the process. The system inputs the event data into a trained machine learning model to determine a first execution state of the process and sends a command to change the first execution state of the process to a second execution state.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a node comprises one or more processors and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more components of the node to perform operations. The operations comprise determining security validation information that the node associates with a packet, inserting into the packet an identifier associated with the node and the security validation information that the node associates with the packet, and transmitting the packet comprising the identifier associated with the node and the security validation information that the node associates with the packet. The security validation information comprises one or more proof of security attributes and/or one or more proof of security level attributes.

Abstract: A control system, apparatus, and method are provided. In the control system, plural apparatuses in time synchronization with one another are connected to a network, and the network transfers a frame periodically exchanged by the apparatuses. The apparatuses include a control device and an apparatus controlled by the control device. Each apparatus in the control system is connected over the network, to a first apparatus that transmits a frame that arrives at each of the apparatuses and a second apparatus that receives a frame transmitted from each of the apparatuses. Each apparatus includes information on a frame transfer path and transfer timing based on a synchronous time. When a frame does not arrive at defined time through the transfer path and when a condition associated with a cycle is satisfied, one or more of the apparatuses is configured to transmit a resend request through the transfer path.

Abstract: A port device for use in a USB extension environment that couples a host device to one or more USB devices is provided. The port device includes a USB physical layer interface configured to be coupled to a USB device, a host device, or a USB hub device; a remote interface configured to be coupled to an extension medium; and an endpoint table. The port device includes logic that, in response to execution by the port device, causes the port device to perform actions comprising: receiving a first USB message addressed to a first endpoint; in response to determining that the endpoint table indicates that the first endpoint is active, providing the first USB message for transmission to the first endpoint; and in response to determining that the endpoint table indicates that the first endpoint is inactive, providing a synthetic USB message for transmission to the host device.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for establishing secure remote access to debug logs. An example method may comprise: receiving, by a processing device, from a computing device, an encrypted virtual disk image comprising a set of debug logs; initiating, by the processing device, instantiation of a virtual machine (VM) using the encrypted virtual disk image, wherein the VM is to execute a log access application to analyze the set of debug logs; sending, to the computing device, a request for access to the set of debug logs by the log access application; receiving, from the computing device, an indication granting access to the set of debug logs by the log access application, wherein having access to the set of debug logs allows the log access application to analyze the set of debug logs to identify an issue associated with the set of debug logs.

Abstract: Traditional home-automation systems utilize a single hub for controlling secondary devices within a home. The techniques described herein, meanwhile, utilize multiple hubs within the environment and/or located remotely from the environment. For instance, an environment may include multiple electronic devices, each configured to control one or more secondary devices within the environment. In addition, a remote service may be configured to control one or more secondary devices within the environment. As such, each controlling device stores and executes an instance of a control engine, rather than relying on a single instance of a control engine located at a single controlling hub.

Abstract: An information management apparatus, including an electronic control unit including a microprocessor and a memory connected to the microprocessor. The microprocessor is configured to perform acquiring an information on a component to be dismantled within a predetermined period, setting a demand value representing a degree of a demand for a predetermined material, determining whether the demand value is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and whether the predetermined material is included in the component based on the information, if it is determined that the demand value is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, and registering the component as an object of a recycle or a reuse, if it is determined that the predetermined material is included in the component.

Abstract: The present application discloses a message push method, apparatus, device and medium. The method includes: receiving a message push request, where the message push request carries a message identifier of a to-be-pushed target message, terminal identifiers of target terminals for receiving the target message, and a channel identifier of a service channel for pushing the target message; and pushing the target message to the target terminals according to the channel identifier.

Abstract: One example method includes performing, as part a planned failover procedure, operations that include connecting a replica OS disk to a replica VM, powering up the replica VM, booting an OS of the replica VM, disconnecting a source VM from a network, and connecting replica data disks to the replica VM. IOs issued by an application at the source VM continue to be processed by the source VM while the replica OS disk is connected, the replica VM is powered up, and the OS of the replica VM is booted.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product aspects for multiple instance Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS or ISIS) for a multi-area fabric. A network area in a multi-area fabric includes one or more network nodes and a boundary node shared with an other network area of the multi-area fabric outside of the network area. The boundary node can include a first ISIS instance associated with the network area and a second ISIS instance associated with the other network area. The second ISIS instance can be configured to pass information associated with the other network area to the first ISIS instance.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and related technologies for determining fields of an unknown protocol are described. One or more packets may be removed from a network traffic capture in response to the one or more packets having a known protocol. The remaining network traffic capture may be grouped into one or more clusters of packets based on similarity. Each of the one or more clusters may be parsed to identify one or more fields of an unknown protocol. The network traffic capture may be modified, including annotating the one or more fields of the unknown protocol.

Abstract: A portable device includes solid-state memory, an Ethernet and/or wireless network connection, and an HDMI. The portable device receives content guide data from a first server and displays a content guide on a display. In response to a user's selection of a content item, the portable device requests the content item over the Internet from a second server. The portable device receives the content item, stores the content item in solid-state memory, generates display signals that represent the content item, and sends the display signals to a display. The second server may match the content item with relevant advertisements based on keywords associated with the content item and the advertisements. The second server may send selected advertisement URLs to the portable device. Using the URLs, the portable device may obtain the advertisements over the Internet and cause the display to display the advertisements in conjunction with the content item.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally aims to prevent failure of decoding data in a wireless communication system. A method for operating a receiving end comprises the steps of: receiving a packet from a transmitting end; decoding the received packet using encoded parameters; detecting failure to release compression of a header in the decoded packet; and adjusting the value of the encoded parameters according to the detection of failure to release compression.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to protocol state transition and/or resource state transition tracker configured to monitor, e.g., via filters, for certain protocol state transitions/changes or host hardware resource transitions/changes when a host processor in the control plane that performs such monitoring functions is unavailable or overloaded. The filters, in some embodiments, are pre-computed/computed by the host processor and transmitted to the protocol state transition and/or resource state transition tracker. The protocol state transition and/or resource state transition tracker may be used to implement a fast upgrade operation as well as load sharing and or load balancing operation with control plane associated components.

Abstract: Methods and systems to generate a work schedule for a multi-task project include storing, in a memory, a task code and a labor requirement for each task of the multi-task project. The methods and systems also include building, by a processor, a task schedule for the multi-task project. The task schedule includes labor hours, a projected time frame, and worker roles for each task. The methods and systems further include retrieving, by the processor, availability data for workers qualified for the worker roles of each task. The availability data for each worker includes an availability status and a geographic location. The methods and systems also include building, by the processor, the work schedule by assigning workers to job orders based on the task schedule, the worker availabilities, the geographic locations, and the project location.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing and managing content are disclosed. An example method can comprise receiving at least a portion of a content item and determining a timing attribute associated with at least a portion of the content item. An example method can also comprise determining a delivery information attribute based on the timing attribute. The delivery information attribute can comprise at least one of a time duration to process at least a portion of the content item and a time duration to receive or transmit at least a portion of the content item. An example method can also comprise receiving an update to the content item based on the delivery information attribute.

Abstract: A method for interconversion between protocols, including the following steps: pre-establishing a publication/subscription list; when a packet published by a publisher is received, searching the publication/subscription list for a protocol type of the packet; extracting a packet data payload from the packet; determining whether a size of the packet data payload is less than a preset combination threshold; if yes, sending the packet data payload to a packet data payload queue of the publisher, and combining a packet data payload in the packet data payload queue when a size of the packet data payload queue reaches a preset transmission threshold or no new packet is received after a preset waiting duration; searching the publication/subscription list for all subscribers corresponding to the publisher; and performing protocol conversion on the packet one by one based on protocol types used by the corresponding subscribers, and sending protocol-converted packets to the corresponding subscribers.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for establishing sessions over a network. A query can be sent, from a mobile device to an authoritative DNS server, requesting a session over a network. In response to the query, a list of available communication protocol options can be received from the authoritative DNS server. A specific communication protocol can be selected from the list of available communication protocol options, where the specific communication protocol is selected based on one or more performance metrics. A connection with a gateway device can then be initiated using the selected specific communication protocol.

Abstract: Example methods and systems for service request handling with protocol translation are described. In one example, in response to intercepting a service request from a virtualized computing instance, a computer system may generate and send a translated service request towards a service node. The translated service request may be generated by performing a first translation of the service request from a service protocol to a data exchange protocol supported by both a client node running on the computer system and a service node. In response to receiving the service response that is generated according to the data exchange protocol from the service node, the computer system may generate and send a translated service response towards the virtualized computing instance. The translated service response may be generated by performing a second translation of the service response from the data exchange protocol to the service protocol.