Abstract: Disclosed are a fiber for a sound-absorbing material for vehicles and a sound-absorbing material for vehicles including the same. The cross-section of the fiber for a sound-absorbing material includes a first end portion, a second end portion spaced apart from the first end portion, and an intermediate portion connected to the first end portion and the second end portion. The intermediate portion includes at least three bent portions. Each of the first end portion and the second end portion has a width larger than the width of the intermediate portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to the textile industry, and specifically to methods for processing bast-fiber materials, for instance the fiber of flax, hemp, jute, nettle, kenaf, and others. The technical result which the present invention aims to achieve consists in: enhancing the quality of a cottonized fiber, when processing bast-fiber materials, by means of high-voltage electric pulse discharges following preliminary biochemical and final minimal mechanical processing; and in enhancing the physical/mechanical and spinning properties thereof, which, overall, allows for an optimized, efficient production process.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuous needleless electrospinning of a nanoscale or submicron scale polymer fiber web onto a substrate includes an electrospinning enclosure that includes at least one liquid polymer coating device and an electro spinning zone and a wire drive system located external to the electro spinning enclosure. The wire drive system drives a plurality of continuous electrode wires through the electrospinning enclosure. A liquid polymer recycle and feed system is located external to the electrospinning enclosure and includes a recycle and feed tank that supplies liquid polymer to and receives overflow liquid polymer from the at least one liquid polymer coating device. A vapor collection and solvent recovery system includes at least one exhaust stream, collects and processes vapors generated in the electrospinning enclosure, and maintains a pressure in the electrospinning enclosure that is lower than atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A method to wash wool containing lanolin and impurities includes the steps of providing a volume of an aqueous liquid at a temperature below a melting temperature of the lanolin, soaking the wool in the volume of the liquid, creating air bubbles in the liquid and allowing the air bubbles to pass through the wool to attach the impurities, removing the air bubbles and attached impurities from the volume, and separating lanolin from wool containing lanolin and impurities, along with the wool and lanolin obtainable by this method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for processing of fibres and particulates such as wool, wherein material is placed within a receptacle configured to allow the ingress and egress of treatment fluid, conveyed to a treatment fluid application area, treated with a treatment fluid, and conveyed from the treatment fluid application area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carboxyl-containing polymers having higher storage stability and improved processability in the form of powders, pellets or granules and to their use in laundry detergents and cleaners, and also in further fields of use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing silicones present on fibers, yarns or textile sheet materials (substrates) wherein an aqueous preparation is allowed to act on the substrates, and then the thus treated substrates are rinsed to remove the residual silicone, characterized in that said preparation contains from 0.5 to 10% by weight of surface-active quaternary ammonium compounds and from 0.5 to 5% by weight of alkali hydroxide, respectively based on the aqueous preparation. The process is suitable, in particular, for the recovery and recycling of fibrous material and silicones from airbags or coated fabric scraps from the ready-making of airbags.

Abstract: A dye free medical towel and a method of making thereof, comprising natural, dye free, cotton absorbent cloth material, the towel having a first reduced glare characteristic and reduced linting.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions comprising certain lipase variants and a photobleach and processes for making and using such compositions. Including the use of such compositions to clean and/or treat a situs.

Abstract: The invention relates to amphiphilic acetal of the formula (1) wherein R1 is n-C8-C22-alkyl, iso-C9-C22-alkyl, n-C5-C18-alkylphenyl or iso-C5-C18-alkylphenyl, R2 and R4 are each independently C1-C7-alkyl or have the same meaning as R1, R3 is C1-C7-alkyl, A is a group of the formulae —C2H4— or —C3H6—, and the indices a, b, c and d are each independently from 0 to 50, where at least one of the indices a, b, c or d has to have a value other than 0. The compounds of the invention are suitable as surfactants, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, humectants, foamers, or antifoaming agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a clear and stable, highly alkaline composition with controlled foaming, containing a high amount of surface active nonionic alkylene oxide adduct and a hexyl glycoside as a hydrotrope. This composition has a very good wetting and cleaning ability and can be used for cleaning of hard surfaces, in a mercerization process and for a cleaning, desizing or scouring process of fibres and fabrics.

Abstract: Compositions which, as well as water, contain certain sulfonate salts or polyhydric alcohols together with ethoxylated/propoxylated alcohols and ethoxylated alcohols are useful for pretreating textile sheet materials. Further ingredients also render them useful for hydrogen peroxide bleaching. The compositions, which provide the textiles with good primary wettability and good rewettability, are low-foaming. Batchwise pretreatment processes, for example in jet machines, therefore represent no problem.

Abstract: A process for treating a textile substrate, the process including the steps of providing a textile substrate; providing a treatment bath; entraining a transport material in the treatment bath wherein the transport material further comprises a treatment material dissolved or suspended therein and wherein the transport material is substantially immiscible with the treatment bath; and contacting the textile substrate with the transport material in the treatment bath to thereby treat the textile substrate with the treatment material in the transport material.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for high-temperature biopreparation of cellulosic fibers by contacting the fibers with pectin-degrading enzymes, preferably thermostable, alkaline, divalent cation-independent pectate lyases, under conditions compatible with scouring and bleaching technologies.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treatment of cellulosic material, as for example, knitted or woven cotton fabric, comprising the steps of preparing an aqueous enzyme solution comprising pectinase, treating the cellulosic material with an effective amount of the aqueous enzyme solution under alkaline scouring conditions; e.g., pH of 9 or above and a temperature of 50° C. or above, in a low calcium or calcium-free environment, yielding a modification of the cellulosic material such that exhibits an enhanced respond to a subsequent chemical treatment.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for single-bath biopreparation and dyeing of cellulosic fibers, which are carried out by contacting the fibers simultaneously or sequentially with a bioscouring enzyme, preferably pectinase, protease, and/or lipase, and a dyeing system, under conditions that do not require emptying the bath or rinsing the fabric between biopreparation and dyeing steps.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a clear and stable, highly alkaline composition with controlled foaming, containing a high amount of surface active nonionic alkylene oxide adduct and a hexyl glycoside as a hydrotrope. This composition has a very good wetting and cleaning ability and can be used for cleaning of hard surfaces, in a mercerization process and for a cleaning, desizing or scouring process of fibres and fabrics.

Abstract: A wool or the like fiber scour including at least one of the following, (a) scouring process wherein the fiber is subjected to an acid extraction process to remove absorbed iron, and by to greatly improve the brightness (Y tristimulus value) of the wool; (b) a scouring process wherein a bleaching process is carried out part way through the wet process following by dying, rewriting and chemical reduction, therefore stabilising the bleached color to prevent subsequent reversion in the dyebath; or (c) a scouring process wherein scoured clean fiber is dried and dusted, and then reimmersed in liquors containing detergents and dispersants, thereby effectively removing extra amounts of residual dirt. The scour produces an improved quality of fibres.

Abstract: A method for maintaining the hydrophobicity of a hydrophobic polyolefin textile material over time and use. The method includes providing a solution having a pH level between 3.5 and 5.9, subjecting the hydrophobic polyolefin textile material to the solution, and drying. The processed hydrophobic polyolefin textile material maintains hydrophobicity with a contact angle with water of at least 90 degrees permanently. The processed hydrophobic polyolefin fabric can be used in a monolayer or bilayer configuration. The processed hydrophobic polyolefin fabric improves the water vapor transfer through the processed fabric because the processed hydrophobic polyolefin fabric does not saturate, wick or swell with liquid perspiration thereby reducing water liquid attached to fabric pores which increases the volume of space for diffusion of perspiration vapor from the skin, through the fabric, to the outside ambient air. The result is a drier, more comfortable processed garment.

Abstract: A bleaching detergent composition comprising an enzyme having amino alcohol oxidase activity, a substrate for said enzyme, and a bleach catalyst or activator, a method of bleaching fabric stains with an enzymatic bleaching system comprising an enzyme having amino alcohol oxidase activity and a substrate for said enzyme, and a method of reducing dye transfer in a wash liquor by providing the liquor with an effective amount of an enzymatic bleaching system comprising an enzyme having amino alcohol oxidase activity and a substrate for said enzyme.

Abstract: The use of polyether hydroxycarboxylate copolymers in textile manufacturing and treating processes. The polyether hydroxycarboxylate copolymer has the structure wherein M+ is a cation wherein M is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, ammonia, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, copper, organic amines, amino acids, and amino saccharides; R1 is the residue of an ethylenically unsaturated comonomer having at least one functional group which is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid and phosphonic acid; R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; n is from about 2 to about 100; X1 and X2 are independently 0 or 1; a is from 0 to 100 mole percent; and b is from 100 to 0 mole percent, provided that (a+b) is 100 mole percent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treatment of cellulosic material, as for example, knitted or woven cotton fabric, comprising the steps of preparing an aqueous enzyme solution comprising pectinase, treating the cellulosic material with an effective amount of the aqueous enzyme solution under alkaline scouring conditions; e.g., pH of 9 or above and a temperature of 50° C. or above, in a low calcium or calcium-free environment, yielding a modification of the cellulosic material such that exhibits an enhanced respond to a subsequent chemical treatment.

Abstract: Polymethylgalacturonases belonging to family 28 of polysaccharide lyases and comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:1 show good performance in industrial processes such as laundering and textile processing.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for higha-temperature biopreparation of cellulosic fibers by contacting the fibers with pectin-degrading enzymes, preferably thermostable, alkaline, divalent cation-independent pectate lyases, under conditions compatible with scouring and bleaching technologies.

Abstract: Polymer blend fibers having a phase separation structure are provided. The phase separation structure is a sea-island structure and a diameter D1 on a circle basis of an island phase of the sea-island structure in a transverse cross-section of the fibers is in the range of 0.001 to 0.4 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A method for shrink-proofing a cellulosic fiber textile that involves liquid ammonia treatment, hot water or alkali treatment under tension or under no tension, and with optional resin treatment.

Abstract: A method of removing spinning and finishing oils from fibers using supercritical carbon dioxide as an extraction media is provided. This process using carbon dioxide to remove oils from fiber surface operates at moderate pressures between 90 and 350 bar and at temperature levels ranghng from 40 to 120° C. The treated fibers have improved strength and elongation properties compared to those treated by conventional scouring. The treated fibers can be directly subjected to the subsequent dyeing processing.

Abstract: A method of dry-cleaning garments which comprises treating the garments with a mixture of propylene glycol tertiary-butyl ether or propylene glycol n-butyl ether and water.

Abstract: Raw native fibers and textile products therefrom can be simultaneously washed and bleached in one liquor if the liquor has added to it a combination product ofa) one or more bleach stabilizers,b) one or more surfactants from the group of the nonionic, amphoteric and cationic surfactants,c) optionally one or more dispersants andd) optionally further components.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for souring, using an scouring agent composition which has low-viscosity although being highly concentrated, which has excellent scouring property under highly alkaline conditions, and which has excellent biodegradability. That is, the present invention provides a method for scouring fiber, which comprises the step of treating the fiber with a scouring agent comprising (A) a nonionic surfactant having the formula (I):R.sub.1 --O--(EO).sub.l (PO).sub.m (EO).sub.n H (I)in which R.sub.1 is an alkyl or an alkenyl, being straight or branched, having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, EO is an oxyethylene unit, PO is an oxypropylene unit, l and n are an average mole number of added oxyethylene units, m is an average mole number of added oxypropylene units, l is a number of 1 to 12, m is a number of 1 to 4 and n is a number of 1 to 12, provided that (EO).sub.l, (PO).sub.m and (EO).sub.n are blocks connected in this order.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for treating synthetic textile material and a method of using it. The composition comprises a smectite clay to scour the textile material, a wetting agent to enhance addition of the clay to other components of the composition, a sequestrant to sequester metal ions that inhibit the performance of the clay, and, when the composition is an aqueous slurry, a viscosity control agent to adjust the viscosity of the composition in order to prevent separating or settling of the clay. The method comprises contacting the textile material with the synthetic textile material treating composition under conditions sufficient to remove the contaminants from the textile material and washing the textile material treating composition off of the textile material, thereby producing a treated textile material from which the contaminants have been removed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for scouring wool. The method comprises differential heating of grease contaminants in the unscoured wool to at least partially liquefy the grease, absorbing the grease by the addition of a grease-absorbing material, and separating the grease-absorbing material from the wool. The method of the invention involves substantially less water consumption than current methods and is a more efficient means of producing wool.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treatment of cellulosic material, as for example, knitted or woven cotton fabric, comprising the steps of preparing an aqueous enzyme solution comprising pectinase, treating the cellulosic material with an effective amount of the aqueous enzyme solution under alkaline scouring conditions; e.g., pH of 9 or above and a temperature of 50.degree. C. or above, in a low calcium or calcium-free environment, yielding a modification of the cellulosic material such that exhibits an enhanced respond to a subsequent chemical treatment.

Abstract: A method for dry-cleaning garments which comprises treating them with an azeotropic solvent of propylene glycol tertiary-butyl ether and water.

Abstract: Aqueous, homogeneous 20 to 60% solutions (L) of mixtures of(A) copolymers of(x) (meth)acrylic acidwith (y) maleic acid or maleic acid anhydride in the molar ratio (x)/(y)=0.7/1 to 7/1, with an average molecular weight M.sub.w in the range of from 500 to 500'000, as free acids and/or sodium saltsand (B) Nitrilotriacetic acid as free acid and/or sodium salt,in which the weight ratio (A)/(B) is in the range of from 1/1 to 1/10 at least 25% of the total carboxy groups are present as sodium salt and the pH of (L) is in the range of from 5 to 11, are suitable as adjuvants for the treatment of fibrous material, in particular as scouring agents for dyeings of hydrophilic fibrous material.

Abstract: A method for cotton purification is described, where the cotton is subject to a purification process in water. The process solution contains calcium hydroxide and a non-ionic detergent wetting agent. Following this processing the cotton is rendered hydrophilic. The cotton is carried in a net with simultaneous removal of the adsorbed processing solution. It is then washed and bleached with H.sub.2 O.sub.2 or ClONa in a two-stage process. The effluent water is processed by anaerobic digestion in the thermophilic region for the production of biogas. The effluent water from the anaerobic digestion process is further processed by aerobic biological treatment. The whole process operates with energy self-sufficiency without resulting in environment pollution. Finally, a high purity cotton is produced with high water absorptivity which is suitable for spinning for the production of quality cotton yarns suitable for weaving quality fabrics or dyeing.

Abstract: A process for bleaching and scouring unfinished textile materials by adding to an aqueous alkaline peroxide bath an effective amount of a surfactant composition containing(a) from about 94.0 to about 6.0% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside having the general formula IRO(Z).sub.a (I)wherein R is a monovalent organic radical having from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; and a is a number having a value from about 1 to about 6,(b) from about 6 to about 94% by weight of a blend of alkoxylated branched C.sub.8 -C.sub.15 alcohols, and(c) the remainder water, all weights being based on the weight of the composition;and then contacting the textile materials with the bath.

Abstract: Improved flat duck griege cotton/thermoplastic fiber blend fabrics have been discovered which are suitable for processing into flame resistant fabrics with low laundry shrinkage while maintaining high resistance to molten metal.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of wool so as to impart shrink resistance and which comprises treating the wool simultaneously with permonsulphuric acid, or a salt thereof, one or more scouring or wetting agents and one or more fiber swelling or dispersing agents. In a preferred embodiment, the method of treatment further comprises subjecting the wool to a polymer treatment. The method may be operated either as a continuous or as a batch process.

Abstract: Finishing agent for the finishing treatment of textile fiber materials of natural origin and/or of regenerated cellulose and/or of synthetic fibers, containing i) a fine-grained, inorganic abrasive, ii) an anionic or non-ionic, low-foaming wetting agent, and iii) a non-ionic carrier, and the use of this finishing agent in the finishing treatment of textile fiber materials, whereby special surface effects are obtained.

Abstract: A process for removing finishing agents containing silicone oil from textile substrates in an aqueous medium free of halogenated hydrocarbons, wherein the removing agent is a composition containing, as an essential ingredient, a surfactant carrying cationic groups on the surfactant framework structure, and which may also contain acids, non-ionic surfactants, water-soluble non-ionic polymers and solvents (free of halogenated hydrocarbons).

Abstract: A surfactant composition for use in scouring and bleaching textile materials containing:(a) from about 94.0 to about 6.0% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside having the general formula IRO (Z).sub.a (I)wherein R is a monovalent organic radical having from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 to 6 carbon atoms; and a is a number having a value from about 1 to about 6,(b) from about 6.0 to about 94.0% by weight of a synthetic alkoxylated C.sub.11 -C.sub.15 linear alcohol, or(c) from about 6.0 to about 94.0% by weight of a chlorine-capped ethoxylated isodecyl alcohol, and(d) the remainder water, all weights being based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: A process for improving the removal of undesired substances from a cellulosic textile material comprisingi) treating the textile material with an aqueous solution comprisinga) citric acid,b) an alkali metal or ammonium salt of a gluconic acid, andc) optionally a mineral acid (preferably in a minor amount).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the pretreatment of a fabric containing cotton, in which the fabric is treated in at least one pretreatment bath for a predetermined period of time at an increased temperature and subsequently washed or neutralised. The treatment of the fabric in the pretreatment bath is performed at a temperature of more than 102.degree. C., particularly at a temperature between 120.degree. C. and 140.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for scouring and bleaching textile materials comprising adding to an aqueous peroxide bleaching bath an effective amount of a scouring and bleaching surfactant composition comprising:(a) from about 94.0 to about 6.0% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside having the general formula IRO(Z).sub.a (I)wherein R is a monovalent organic radical having from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; and a is a number having a value from about 1 to about 6,(b) from about 6.0 to about 94.0% by weight of a synthetic alkoxylated C.sub.11 -C.sub.15 linear alcohol, and(c) the remainder water, all weights being based on the weight of the textile materials, and then contacting the textile materials with the bath.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for washing-off prints or dyeings produced with dyes on cellulosic textile materials, which comprises treating the printed or dyed fabrics in an aqueous wash liquor with a washing-off formulation comprising(a) a polyvinyl pyrrolidone homopolymer or copolymer, and(b) a water softener.The inventive process makes it possible to remove unfixed dye from the fibre material completely and thus to enhance the fastness properties of the dyeings.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the continuous pretreatment of a long cloth produced commercially in completely gaseous system, in which, by utilizing the combination of a desizing and scouring process in a low temperature plasma atmosphere and a bleaching process in an atmosphere of ozone and ultraviolet ray radiation, and thus entirely no application of liquid system.

Abstract: A method for the pretreatment of a long cloth continuously in which a cloth to be subjected to desizing, scouring and bleaching for the pretreatment thereof is preliminarily subjected to souring treatment in the sodium chlorite solution prepared by absorbing the chlorine dioxide gas, which is exhausted from the subsequent bleaching process with the use of chlorite, in a solution of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and NaOH, and accordingly it is possible to transport the long cloth continuously in the pretreating process speedily with no need of staying the cloth in folded state for increasing the productivity and improving the quality of the product, and further to render the pretreating apparatus compact so as suitable for the production of small lot products.

Abstract: A method for desizing and scouring of a long length of cloth comprising desizing a cloth washed with hot water, and then subjecting the cloth thus washed successively to soaking with a hot alkaline sodium chlorite solution, immersing in a hot acid solution with a pH of 2-4, then to soaking with a caustic soda solution, and finally to the wet heat treatment under the ordinary pressure.

Abstract: A high yield process is provided for treating lignocellulose food fiber to sanitize and bleach the fiber. The process is not only a high yield process but produces better or equivalent bleaching than alternative processes and further does not produce a waste disposal problem. The process also has the advantage of requiring very little energy compared to alternative processes.