Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of homophthlate esters useful in the preparation of homophthalic anhydride reactants.

Abstract: The present invention provides for the preparation &bgr;-adenine nucleosides by coupling an adenine derivative containing an unprotected exocyclic amino group at the C-6 position and a blocked arabinofuranosyl derivative, in the presence of a base and solvent. The present invention also provides for the stereoselective preparation of 2-deoxy-&bgr;-D-adenine nucleosides wherein a blocked 2-deoxy-&agr;-D-arabinofuranosyl halide is coupled with the salt of an adenine derivative. The forgoing aspects of the present invention are utilized in the preparation of a clofarabine composition wherein the ratio of &bgr; to &agr;-anomer is at least 99:1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process from preparing isocoumarin-3-yl derivatives comprising reacting a homophthalic anhydride derivative with a carbonyl compound, wherein the carbonyl group is substituted with an acyl activating group, in the presence of a reaction medium comprising a solvent and a base. The invention also encompasses a process for the preparation of homophthalate esters useful in the preparation of homophthalic anhydride reactants as well as an integrated process wherein the twp reactions are carried out sequentially to afford the desired isocoumarin derivative.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy and/or radiation in the treatment of cancer in animals, particularly humans, is provided wherein certain isocoumarin derivatives which exhibit unique radiosensitization activity and/or chemopotentiation properties are employed in a combination treatment with ionizing radiation and/or chemotherapy.

Abstract: A support structure for securing a catalyst structure comprising a multiplicity of longitudinally disposed channels for passage of a flowing gas mixture within a reactor, said support structure being comprised of a monolithic open celled or honeycomb-like structure formed by thin strips or ribs of high temperature resistant metal or ceramic which abuts against one end of the catalyst structure, and extends in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the catalyst structure to essentially cover an end face (at either the inlet end or outlet end or both) of the catalyst structure with the support structure being secured on its periphery to the reactor wall. The strips or ribs making up the support structure are bonded together to form a unitary structure having cellular openings at least as large as the catalyst structure channel openings.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrically-heated catalyst (EHC) and a start-up method of a gas turbine engine for combusting a hydrocarbonaceous fuel/oxygen-containing gas mixture using this electrically-heated catalyst. The catalytic structure is electrically heated to a predetermined temperature prior to start up of the turbine so as to reduce emissions during the start-up of the system. The EHC unit is a stacked or spirally wound layering of flat and corrugated thin metal foils which forms a plurality of axially-extending, longitudinal channels. The channels are preferably coated on one surface with a catalytic material, leaving the other surface free from the reaction to act as a heat sink, making the design an IHE (integral heat exchange) catalytic unit. The preferred embodiment of the EHC has electrodes outside of the fuel/oxygen-containing mixture stream, and uses electrical power having a predetermined voltage in the range of 100 to 200 volts to heat the unit.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preparing acylaromatics comprising reacting an aromatic compound with a carboxylic acid in the presence of a reaction medium comprising polyphosphoric acid and a strong protic acid. In one embodiment, the invention provides a process for preparing a para-acyl phenoxyethylamine comprising the steps of reacting a 2-phenoxyethyl compound bearing a leaving group on the ethyl 1-position with a carboxylic acid in the presence of a reaction medium comprising polyphosphoric acid and a strong protic acid, to form apara-acyl phenoxyethyl intermediate bearing the leaving group; and reacting the para-acyl phenoxyethyl intermediate with an amine that substitutes for the leaving group to form the para-acyl phenoxyethylamine.

Abstract: This invention is an improved process for the conversion of a C.sub.9 mixed alkyl aromatic feedstream containing ethyl substituted aromatics to a product rich in toluenes and/or xylenes via catalytic transalkylation/disproportionation using a palladium loaded moderately, dealuminated mordenite catalyst in the presence of added hydrogen and benzene.

Abstract: This invention is a process for removing minor amounts of organic halide e.g., organic chloride, contaminants from hydrocarbon feedstocks by contact with a regenerable solid adsorbent comprising a metal and/or metal hydride selected from nickel, cobalt or iron, or mixtures thereof on a porous refractory support, such as silica, whereby the halide present in the hydrocarbon feedstock is converted substantially to an insoluble metal halide salt of the supported metal or metal hydride with the hydrocarbon feedstock being recovered from the contacting step substantially free of organic halide contaminant. Also disclosed is a process for regeneration of the adsorbent loaded with metal halide from the hydrocarbon feedstock contacting step and an integrated process where the regenerated adsorbent is reused to remove additional organic halide from the hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing biaryl compounds comprising reacting an arylmetal reagent selected from arylmagnesium reagents and aryllithium reagents with an arylhalide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a catalyst selected from nickel catalysts and palladium catalysts and a cocatalyst selected from zinc cocatalysts and cadmium cocatalysts. The present invention specifically provides a process for the preparation of 2-(4'-methylphenyl)benzonitrile comprising reacting a 4-methylphenylmagnesium reagent with a 2-halobenzonitrile in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a catalyst selected from nickel catalysts and palladium catalysts and a zinc cocatalyst.

Abstract: This invention is an improved catalyst structure and its use in highly exothermic processes like catalytic combustion. This improved catalyst structure employs integral heat exchange in an array of longitudinally disposed adjacent reaction passage-ways or channels, which are either catalyst-coated or catalyst-free, wherein the configuration of the catalyst-coated channels differs from the non-catalyst channels such that, when applied in exothermic reaction processes, such as catalytic combustion, the desired reaction is promoted in the catalytic channels and substantially limited in the non-catalyst channels. The invention further comprises an improved reaction system and process for combustion of a fuel wherein catalytic combustion using a catalyst structure employing integral heat exchange, preferably the improved structures of the invention, affords a partially-combusted, gaseous product which is passed to a homogeneous combustion zone where complete combustion is promoted by means of a flameholder.

Abstract: This invention is an improved catalyst structure and its use in highly exothermic processes like catalytic combustion. This improved catalyst structure employs integral heat exchange in an array of longitudinally disposed, adjacent reaction passage-ways or channels, which are either catalyst-coated or catalyst-free, wherein the configuration of the catalyst-coated channels differs from the non-catalyst channels such that, when applied in exothermic reaction processes, such as catalytic combustion, the desired reaction is promoted in the catalytic channels and substantially limited in the non-catalyst channels.

Abstract: A method of treating patients having viral infections exhibiting a synergistic antiviral effect in combination therapy of viral infections is comprised of combining synergistically effective amounts of a halogenated pyrimidine and human recombinant interferon-beta, said agents to be delivered separately or as a single combined composition of matter.

Abstract: The present invention discloses synthetic peptides and antibodies raised thereto wherein the synthetic peptides represent important epitopic sites recognized by the 0.5 .alpha. antibody, a human monoclonal antibody which can neutralize HTLV-I. Also, the uses of these peptides or antibodies thereto either alone or in combination with peptides representing the epitopic site for the predominant antibodies found in HTLV-I env seropositive sera as diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines are disclosed.

Abstract: The mRNA coded by the "anti-sense" strand of the complementary DNA produced by HTLV-I infection contains significant open reading frames. Cells infected by HTLV-I virus produce mRNA that is anti-sense to the viral RNA genome. Infected cells may produce proteins from the newly discovered mRNA. The production of the anti-sense in mRNA initiates from a newly discovered transcriptional promoter located within 1.8 kb from the 3' terminus of the viral genome. The mRNA, protein, and antibodies directed thereto can be used in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HTLV-I infections.

Abstract: Novel biologically active polypeptides, including a new class of transforming growth factor (TGF) polypeptides, which exhibit cell growth promoting properties are disclosed, as well as a process for isolating the TGF polypeptides from both human and murine cell lines in homogeneous form. Also disclosed are antigenic oligopeptides derived from the TGF polypeptides and antibodies raised therefrom which have application in the detection and treatment of malignancies and oligipeptides which have the ability to bind with cellular growth factor receptors and thus to interfere with transformation of certain cell lines into a cancerous state. Compositions and methods based on the disclosed peptides for detection and treatment of cancer and other proliferative diseases and for cell or tissue growth associated treatment, e.g., wound healing, ulcer therapy and bone loss are also described.

Abstract: Novel biologically active polypeptides, including a new class of transforming growth factor (TGF) polypeptides, which exhibit cell growth promoting properties are disclosed, as well as a process for isolating the TGF polypeptides from both human and murine cell lines in homogeneous form. Also disclosed are antigenic oligopeptides derived from the TGF polypeptides and antibodies raised therefrom which have application in the detection and treatment of malignancies and oligipeptides which have the ability to bind with cellular growth factor receptors and thus to interfere with transformation of certain cell lines into a cancerous state. Compositions and methods based on the disclosed peptides for detection and treatment of cancer and other proliferative diseases and for cell or tissue growth associated treatment, e.g., wound healing, ulcer therapy and bone loss are also described.

Abstract: Peptides of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: NH is the .alpha. amino group of amino acid AA.sup.1 ; ##STR2## is the carbonyl group of amino acid AA.sup.7 ; X is H--, ##STR3## GLU-VAL-, or VAL-TYR-HIS-GLU-VAL; Y is --OH, --NH.sub.2, or --PRO; AA.sup.1 is LYS, GLU, GLN, pGLU, .beta.ALA, PRO, PRO-OH, PIC, or AIB; AA.sup.2 is VAL, LEU, ILE, MET, or AIB; AA.sup.3 is ASP, TYR, GLU, HIS, or PHE; AA.sup.4 is VAL, MET, ILE, LEU, or AIB; AA.sup.5 is TYR, HIS, or GLU; AA.sup.6 is ALA, PRO, SER, .beta.ALA, PRO-OH, or AIB; and AA.sup.7 is VAL, LEU, ILE, or AIB;and salts thereof are claimed as effective blood pressure regulators. Further provided, are antibodies to these peptides, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic methods for blood pressure regulation.

Abstract: Ethylene is oligomerized to even numbered alpha-monoolefins principally in the C.sub.4 to C.sub.40 range with minimal concomittant production of high molecular weight polyethylene by reacting ethylene in a diol solvent in an oligomerization reaction zone at elevated pressure with a nickel complex catalyst composition produced by combining in the reaction zone, (a) a stable preformed complex of nickel, ethylene and hydride in a diol solvent, said complex being prepared by contactng in a diol solvent and in the presence of ethylene, a nickel salt, a base and a boron hydride transfer agent and (b) a suitable bidentate ligand; the stable nickel complex solution and the bidentate ligand being added in separate portions to the reaction zone. These stable complexes of nickel, ethylene and hydride in diol solution are considered to be novel oligomerization catalyst precursor compositions.

Abstract: Ethylene is oligomerized to even numbered alpha-monoolefins principally in the C.sub.4 to C.sub.40 range with minimal concomittant production of high molecular weight polyethylene by reacting ethylene in a diol solvent in an oligomerization reaction zone at elevated pressure with a nickel complex catalyst composition produced by combining in the reaction zone, (a) a stable preformed complex of nickel, ethylene and hydride in a diol solvent, said complex being prepared by contacting in a diol solvent and in the presence of ethylene, a nickel salt, a base and a boron hydride transfer agent and (b) a suitable bidentate ligand; the stable nickel complex solution and the bidentate ligand being added in separate portions to the reaction zone. These stable complexes of nickel, ethylene and hydride in diol solution are considered to be novel oligomerization catalyst precursor compositions.