Abstract: A solid state reference electrode stable in the presence of oxygen having an electrically conductive material in contact with substituted ferrocene/ferrocenium ions.

Abstract: Unmilled commercially available granular "natural" soda ash is reacted with orthophosphoric acid to produce a highly concentrated slurry at a molar Na:P ratio of about 1.5 in a continuous process. Problems associated with incomplete reaction are solved and the slurry can be dried to the double salt Na.sub.3 H.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2 or reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce a superior precursor for manufacturing sodium tripolyphosphate.

Abstract: Hydrolytically stable liquid detergent formulations are disclosed containing the potassium salt of polymeric acetal carboxylates. Such liquid formulations remain single phase for extended periods of time.

Abstract: A self-operated droop compensated regulator includes a spring casing and a lower casing, sandwiching a diaphragm. The lower casing has axially aligned inlet and outlet ports. A one piece cam stem and relief seat is mounted for movement with the diaphragm and includes a first cam surface for directly engaging a movable disk holder. The disk holder is movable in a straight line within an orifice tube that supports the valve seat. The cam surface moves the disk holder at a nonlinear rate with respect to the diaphragm. The orifice tube has an extension for providing a boost action to the diaphragm. A pressure relief mechanism is incorporated within the upper portion of the diaphragm. A bias spring acts, between a second similar cam surface on the opposite side of the stem and the disk holder, to maintain the first cam surface in contact with the disk holder.

Abstract: A method for preparation of solid particulate polyacetal carboxylate. The method comprises agglomerating a solution comprising less than about 1% by weight methanol and between about 30% by weight and about 60% by weight polyacetal carboxylate onto a substrate to produce a free-flowing particulate solid. The solid comprises between about 30% by weight and about 55% by weight polyacetal carboxylate. The polyacetal carboxylate corresponds to the formula: ##STR1## where n is at least about 4 and represents the average chain length of the polyacetal carboxylate in the mixture, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected chemically stable groups that stabilize the polymer against rapid depolymerization in alkaline solution, and M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, ammonium, alkyl groups of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, tetraalkyl ammonium groups, and alkanolamine groups having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.

Abstract: A method of carbonylation of formaldehyde is disclosed. In the method, an aqueous formaldehyde concentrate comprising between about 60% by weight and about 85% by weight formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and sulfuric acid are brought together in the absence of an effective amount of added Group IB cocatalyst in a reaction zone under a carbon monoxide partial pressure in the reaction zone of not greater than about 1.72.times.10.sup.7 N/M.sup.2. A carbonylation reaction is thereby effected in which a carbonylation product is produced comprising at least about 2% by weight sulfuric acid and a mixture of compounds of the formula:HO(CH.sub.2 COO).sub.n Hwherein n is a positive integer of at least 1. Also disclosed is a method for preparation of an alkyl glycolate by esterification of the carbonylation reaction mixture.

Abstract: A junction-type metal/metal oxide solid state indicator electrode wherein the sensing portion of the electrode is coated with a perfluorocarbon copolymer, and a pH sensor made of the indicator electrode and a reference electrode.

Abstract: A sanitary valve includes a valve body having a straight-through cylindrical valve chamber terminating in flanges with a valve element support intersecting the valve chamber at a right angle. The valve element is cylindrically shaped with a hemispherical tip that is covered with an elastomeric material which includes a raised circular seal that extends around the circumference of the valve element and a raised U-shaped seal that extends over the tip. The circular seal always engages the supporting means in both the rotatable and sliding versions of the valve to preclude any environmental exposure of the valve chamber.

Abstract: A process to prepare a substituted olefin involving reacting an unsaturated organic chloride with bromide and/or iodide ions to form a mixture of unsaturated organic chloride, bromide and/or iodide, and reacting the mixture with an olefin in the presence of a catalyst to form the substituted olefin.

Abstract: Alkylidene diesters such as ethylidene diacetate are selectively produced in high yields by reacting an ether and/or an ester under substantially anhydrous conditions with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in contact with a catalyst system comprising a rhodium compound, a halogen component, a palladium cocatalyst and a promoter component which is an agent for liberation of carboxylic acid anions. The process is carried out in the liquid phase in a solvent comprising a carboxylic acid at a temperature in the range of 150.degree. to 190.degree. C. and at a carbon monoxide partial pressure in the range from about 1.0 to 1100 kg/cm.sup.2 and a carbon monoxide/hydrogen mole ratio of 6:1 to 1:2 for the ester reaction and 10:1 to 1:2 for the ether reaction. When ethylidene diacetate is the product, it can then be decomposed to produce vinyl acetate and acetic acid by well-known techniques.

Abstract: Fibrous sheet composites are prepared by (a) forming an aqueous dispersion comprising asbestiform crystalline calcium M phosphate fibers wherein M is a metal cation selected from the group consisting of sodium and lithium, and mixtures thereof, auxiliary fibers, and a water insoluble organic polymeric binder; (b) distributing and draining the aqueous dispersion on a porous substrate to form a wet sheet-like solid phase or wet web; and (c) pressing and drying the wet web.

Abstract: A resin for solid phase peptide synthesis and a method for synthesizing the resin wherein the resin has a sulfoxide linkage which is stable to strong acid deprotecting conditions. The linkage can be reduced to a sulfide linkage which allows cleavage of the peptide from the resin under mild acid conditions.

Abstract: A diaphragm type regulator valve includes a pusher post with outwardly extending stop ears coupled to the diaphragm. The linkage coupling the pusher post and valve disc includes a lever having a pair of legs that engage a pin in a bifurcated portion of the pusher post for transmitting forces between the diaphragm and the valve disc. A retainer is rigidly mounted to the valve casing and pivotally supports the lever. The retainer includes a pair of stops that straddle the pusher post and extend in the path of travel of the stop ears thereon for positively restraining travel of the pusher post beyond a predetermined point should an excess pressure condition exist. Restraining travel of the pusher post prevents excessive stress on the linkage. A one piece plastic pressure relieve indicator mechanism is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides a means for control of Salmonella on meat-producing carcasses, e.g. poultry, during processing, comprising contacting the carcass with an acidic solution of an anionic sulfate or sulfonate surfactant.

Abstract: Gallium is recovered from gallium arsenide by reacting and dissolving the gallium arsenide with an oxidant and a complexing agent, especially with water insoluble hydroxamic acids with mild conditions, e.g. with aqueous hydrogen peroxide and mild temperature, to effect separation of gallium hydroxamic acid chelates from water soluble arsenic compounds.

Abstract: Catalysts useful to catalyze the nitration of aromatic compounds in the vapor phase to produce nitroaromatic compounds are prepared by contacting a Group 4b-Group 3b metal oxide composition represented by the empirical formula:(M.sup.1.sub.a M.sup.2.sub.b O.sub.c).sub.x (NO.sub.2).sub.ywherein M.sup.1 is at least one element selected from Group 4b of the Periodic Table of the Elements, M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from Group 3b of the Periodic Table of the Elements, a is 1, b is 0 to 20, c is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition, x is 1, and y is 0 to c, with a catalytically effective amount of sulfur trioxide. Such catalysts are particularly effective to catalyze the vapor phase nitration of chlorobenzene and are characterized in such reaction by providing a para/ortho isomer distribution ratio of at least about 2/1.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising the adduct of a Group 4b-Group 3b metal oxide composition represented by the empirical formula:(M.sup.1.sub.a M.sup.2.sub.b O.sub.c).sub.x (NO.sub.2).sub.ywherein M.sup.1 is at least one element selected from Group 4b of the Periodic Table of the Elements, M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from Group 3b of the Periodic Table of the Elements, a is 1, b is 0.05 to 20, c is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition, x is 1, and y is 0 to c, and a catalytically effective amount of sulfur trioxide are useful to catalyze the nitration of aromatic compounds in the vapor phase to produce nitroaromatic compounds. The catalysts are particularly effective to catalyze the vapor phase nitration of chlorobenzene and are characterized in such reaction by providing a para/ortho isomer distribution ratio of at least about 2/1.

Abstract: Gallium is extracted in the presence of other metals from gallium bearing aqueous solutions, by contact with organic solvent containing N-organo hydroxamic acids, particularly at described acid and alkaline pH ranges; and recovered from the organic solvent. New gallium complexes and certain N-organo hydroxamic acids are also provided.

Abstract: Phenyldichlorophosphine is prepared by contacting benzene with phosphorus trichloride in the vapor phase at a temperature from about 100.degree. C. to about 145.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of aluminum metal and an activating amount of aluminum chloride.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## are found to be effective plant growth regulants.