Abstract: An apparatus for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks with reaction temperature control is provided which includes an upward-flow or downward-flow cracking column, means for feeding said column under pressure with a hydrocarbon feedstock and with particles of a regenerated cracking catalyst, at least one means for injection of an auxiliary fluid downstream of the zone in said column where the hydrocarbon feedstock and the regenerated catalyst particles are contacted with each other, to reduce the temperature of the reaction zone situated directly downstream thereof, means for separating the products of the cracked feedstock and the spent catalyst particles, at least one stripping means, at least one unit for regeneration of the catalyst by combustion of the coke deposited thereon and means for recycling the regenerated catalyst to said feeding means.

Abstract: A process for deasphalting a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising two stages of precipitation from the feedstock of an asphaltene fraction alone or, alternatively, of a resin fraction along with the asphaltene fraction, by means of a heavy solvent and a light solvent, respectively, is disclosed.In accordance with the process, the heavy solvent and the light solvent both contain, in different proportions, at least one hydrocarbon having 3 carbon atoms and at least one hydrocarbon having at least 5 carbon atoms, the proportion of the hydrocarbon having 3 carbon atoms being higher in the light solvent than in the heavy solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to the continuous or discontinuous analysis of the corrosive effect of the soil and the environment on a buried metallic structure (such as an underground gasoline storage tank for retail gas stations). The apparatus includes a measuring system having a sensor with at least one Cu/CuSO.sub.4 electrode to which a metallic electrode containing iron is secured at least one voltmeter, and optionally at least one current generator; at least one data display and acquisition system consisting of at least one amplifier, at least one analog-to-digital converter, at least one magnetic recorder and at least one display unit for the read-out of these data on the site, these belonging to the group formed by the numerical display devices and the electromechanical recorders; and a system for the processing of these data consisting of data-processing computing means.

Abstract: A selective calling receiver with automatic memory storage and turn-on indication is disclosed. When the receiver is placed in the called state by an incoming signal, audible and/or visual indicator signals actuated by the incoming signal are automatically stopped after a predetermined period of time has elapsed and record of the called state is simultaneously kept in a memory integral to the receiver. Indication of the called state is regenerable at a later time by a switching operation. Indication of the called state is stoppable without recording such indication in memory when a manual reset operation is performed before indication of the called state is automatically stopped.

Abstract: A method for the gaseous reduction of particulate iron ore to sponge iron product in a vertical shaft reactor having a reduction zone in the upper portion thereof, a cooling zone in the lower portion thereof and an intermediate zone between the reduction and cooling zones. In order to reduce the tendency of the hot sponge iron to sinter and agglomerate, and stick to the walls of the reactor, and to give a more uniform product, a cool gas stream is introduced into the intermediate zone and caused to flow downwardly along the wall of the intermediate zone to cool the peripheral portion of the body of reduced ore flowing from the reduction zone through the intermediate zone.

Abstract: Composite catalytic products composed of a metal chelate based catalyst on a solid adsorbent support for use in fixed-bed processes for sweetening mercaptans contained in petroleum fractions are disclosed. The composites contain from 0.05 to 5 weight percent of a metal chelate, from 5 to 15 weight percent of pyrolyzed carbon and from 60 to 90 weight percent of a mineral matrix. The support material is obtained by pyrolysis of wash concentrates of raw wools.

Abstract: In a chemical liquid injector mainly for use in filling with a chemical liquid cracks developed in a wall of a concrete building and a gap between the wall and the underlying concrete body, an air-escape groove is provided in the interior surface of the injector casing. While in use a mouthpiece is attached to a nozzle of the injector.

Abstract: The invention concerns a positioning device for a tube cleaning element rotatably driven by fluid passing through the tube. This is particularly useful for heat exchanger tubes. This device includes an open-frame support member (1) having one or more parts (8a, 8b) (preferably of generally cylindrical shape) for mounting on the outside on one end of said tube, and further includes a spindle (2) mounted for rotation with respect to said frame (1) along the axis of the end of said tube and adapted to be fastened to said rotatable element.

Abstract: A binding tool for binding electric wires or the like into a sheaf with a band and a small square-sectioned fastener, comprises a tool body with an internal path for containing a plurality of fasteners and a band case containing a band in roll form.The band is manually drawn out of the band case and is inserted into a passage in the tool body from its rear open end. The band thus inserted into the tool body is pushed out of the front open end of the passage passing through one of the appropriately positioned fasteners and is wound around electric wires or the like. The free end portion of the band is then inserted back into and fastened to the fastener. Then the band is cut off by a cutter moving across the front open end of the tool body.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the thawing point of jet fuels by first cooling a sample of the fuel until crystals appear and then heating the sample until the crystals disappear, detecting the point at which the crystals appear both thermally and optically, detecting the point at which the crystals disappear both thermally and optically and correlating the resulting measurements to obtain an indication of the thawing point.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a stationary silica phase for the purpose of packing a chromatographic column intended for the liquid-phase separation of components. There are thus effected a first grafting with functional groups of the amine type, a complete hydrolysis of the stationary phase so grafted, and finally a further grafting with functional groups of the alkyl type, optionally substituted. A chromatographic column packed with the stationary silica phase can be used to separate the constituents of a petroleum product.

Abstract: Improved process and apparatus for the reduction of iron oxides employing a solid reducing agent. Particulate iron oxides are mixed with particles of the reducing agent and are subjected to high temperatures within a vessel made of refractory material which is externally heated in a furnace. The problem and drawbacks that have been found in the past, such as the fracture and high costs of the refractory vessels, are solved by means of the present invention which comprises laying a sheet made of tinplate or of other suitable material, between the vessel and solids to prevent them from sticking to the vessel because of the high temperature, thus providing an economic and advantageous process. In one of its embodiments, this process is particularly suitable for the production of high purity iron, that is with a low content of gangue and carbon. This high purity iron, once converted to powder with adequate particle size, has a number of diverse applications in industry.

Abstract: A pressure intensifier is automatically driven repeatedly by compressed air from a compressed air source to produce highly compressed air for storage in a pressure chamber. The pressure chamber is selectively connected to or disconnected from a drive cylinder having housed therein a drive piston, under the control of a valve mechanism provided therebetween. By the actuation of the valve mechanism the highly compressed air stored in the pressure chamber is introduced into the drive cylinder to propel the drive piston, driving a nail or like fastening element into a hard receiving material such as concrete.

Abstract: A unique lift container for use in erecting scaffolding within power boilers and similar large enclosures having small access manholes, preferably being made from modularized forming equipment so as to be readily disassembled into constituent parts dimensioned to fit through the small access openings of such boilers.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the gaseous reduction of iron ore to sponge iron at a given degree of carburization and yet at a temperature suitable for hot briquetting or for direct feed to a melter or to a refining furnace. The desired percentage of carburization and the preferred elevated temperature are achieved by using a hot blend of recycled reducing gas and essentially uncracked natural gas or methane to carburize and to decrease the temperature of the sponge iron in the cooling zone of the reactor.

Abstract: A shortened tampon applicator of the telescoping tube type employs an ejector tube to store a tampon in its distal end and an outer tube disposed by a slip fit thereover to thus shorten the overall length of the tampon and applicator assembly. Directionally-locking inward flaps fixed within the distal end of said outer tube engage the distal end of the tampon stored in the ejector tube thus securing the latter relative to said outer tube while permitting only distal expulsion therefrom. The ejector tube preferably has inwardly biased flexible portions at its distal end which serve to catch behind the proximal end of the tampon. In the preferred version, the inwardly biased portions are unique undulations at the blunt distal end of the ejector tube.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the gaseous reduction of particulate iron ores is disclosed, wherein the reduced ore, commonly called DRI (Direct Reduced Iron) or sponge iron, is treated in a vertical shaft moving bed furnace and discharged from said furnace in solid particulate form at high temperature, e.g. above 500.degree. C. The shaft furnace is of the type wherein a bed of particles descends by gravity through said furnace which has an upper section where ore pellets, lumps, or the like are reduced by reaction with a hot reducing gas, and a lower section of a downwardly tapering, preferably, in a generally conical shape, which converges to an outlet discharge orifice of smaller cross sectional area than the rest of said furnace.

Abstract: Brass, bronze and other mixture of copper and zinc use used to treat alkanolamine solutions used in systems for separating CO.sub.2 from gaseous mixtures to give enhanced protection against ferrous metal corrosion.

Abstract: In a heat transfer wall having a number of fine and elongate tunnels adjacent to each other with a minute distance under the surface thereof being in contact with liquid on the heat transfer wall, and a number of fine openings for communicating the tunnels to the outside thereof defined on ceilings of the tunnels along the longitudinal directions thereof with each minute distance, a tongue-like projection is provided which protrudes from an edge of the opening or vicinity of the opening across the opening 1 whereby a flow of fluid passing through the openings provided with the projections is controlled so that heat transfer performance characteristics are improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrodemetallization process and catalyst, of a sulfur and organometallic containing hydrocarbon feedstock which consists in contacting the feedstock under the usual hydrotreating conditions with a catalyst comprising a refractory mineral carrier composed essentially of a mesoporous alumina with defined characteristics, said catalyst having previously been sulfurized. The process is characterized in that the catalyst contains, in addition to the carrier, in free or combined form, from 0.01 to 0.7 weight percent, based on the total weight of the catalyst, and calculated as if in elemental form, of at least one metal selected from groups Vb, VIb, VIIb and VIII of the periodic table of the elements, so as to give optimum initial demetallizing activity.