Abstract: A vessel for liquid storage comprising a shell and an end element enclosing each end of the shell. The end elements have a central region which is generally planar but which can be provided with indentations for strengthening purposes. The end elements have a peripheral flange comprising a continuous U-shaped channel. The end elements are mounted on the shell so that the outer arm of the U-shaped channel abuts the interior wall of the shell and so that the concave surface of the U-shaped channel faces the interior of the shell so that the outer arm forms a lap joint with the shell. A fillet weld secures the lap joint.

Abstract: A pipe coupling device wherein the connection between pipe members is made by rotating one member relative to the other member so that a plurality of radially extending surfaces of one member face corresponding radially extending surfaces of the other member. The facing surfaces can be flat and planar. The plurality of facing flat surfaces initially face each other in an interlocking arrangement which is not tight. A single threaded adapter is then tightened to draw the plurality of facing surfaces of one member tightly against the corresponding facing surfaces of the other member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for regulating the flow of plastic particulates to the opening of a cylinder of a plasticating screw. The particulate pass through a feed throat disposed at a feed opening of the drum. A valve mechanism disposed in the feed throat includes upper and lower members connected by pivot means. A fulcrum is located below the pivot means and the lower member bears on the fulcrum. The upper member is moved up or down which in turn causes the lower member bearing on the fulcrum to swing about the pivot means to open or close the valve. As the valve is closed, the lower member moves downwardly towards the rotating screw to prevent flooding with particulates of the feed opening of the cylinder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cutting grooves onto the interior surface of the barrel of a plasticating machine in order to increase the friction against sliding unmelted resin particles. The helical screw is removed from the barrel without removing the barrel from its operating site. A grooving device is transported from a remote location to the plasticating operation site and mounted within the barrel with a portion protruding from the barrel. A brace is attached to the end of the barrel to help support the grooving device. Periodic adjustments are made to the grooving device by manual or automatic manipulation of the grooving device.

Abstract: Apparatus and related method for taking a sample of molten metal from a vessel comprising a refractory block installed in a wall of the vessel before the vessel is filled with molten metal. The block is traversed by at least one passage having a closure element to initially block the passage. A rigid elongated pipe is movable lengthwise in the passage and a sample mould is operatively associated with the pipe. There is means activatable to advance the pipe forcibly in a forward direction to cause a forward end of the pipe to engage the closure element for unblocking the passage whereby molten metal gains access to the pipe and flows along the pipe to enter the mould.

Abstract: In a transmission for driving the rolls of a rolling line having a number of rolling stands disposed one after another, a respective planetary transmission stage is provided at several output shaft (20) and forms the output rotational speed from a basic rotational speed and an additional rotational speed. The gear wheels (2,23) of the gear wheel transmission trains transmitting the basic and additional rotational speeds are mounted on stationary bearing bushes (3, 26) which project into the hub regions of the gear wheels (2, 23) and are secured in bores or on flange facings of the load-bearing walls (5, 6) of the transmission housing (1). Only one of the gear wheel transmision trains is disposed between the load-bearing walls of the transmision housing, while the other is disposed on the outside stands. This permits the transmission to be of lighter construction and allows greater gear ratios in the gear wheel transmission trains and a smaller distance between the output shafts (20).

Abstract: An injection nozzle (10) is installed in the wall (13) of a liquid containment vessel (14) and comprises an assembly of refractory component bodies (18, 19, 20): injection passages (22) for receiving longitudinally movable lances (11) are provided in the nozzle and before injection commences, the passages are closed by cup-shaped refractory shells (30) embedded in one of the component bodies (18) adjacent a discharge end of the nozzle. Each shell has its base (31) united through a frangible shell portion (34) with the sidewall (32) and when injection is to commence, an associated lance (11) is forcibly driven at the base (31) to detach it by fracture of the shell portion (34) and from an opening through which an injectant can exit into the liquid. A push-out bung (26) may be incorporated in the nozzle body (18) between the base of the shell (30) and the discharge end of the nozzle (10).

Abstract: Shears for dividing and cropping rod-shaped work material (18) which is moving in the longitudinal direction, have two paraxial blade shafts (3) driven in opposite directions, a blade holder (1,2) having at least one blade (6, 7) being rigidly secured to each of said shafts. The cutting edges (14, 15) of the blade project beyond the blade holders and orbit along two circular paths (16, 17) which overlap slightly. In order to prevent, when using this type of shears, the following longitudinal section being bent following cutting, the two blade clearance angles (.beta., .gamma..sub.1) upstream of the cutting edges (14, 15) at the entry side are equal and the two blade clearance angles (.beta..sub.1,.gamma.) downstream of the cutting edges at the delivery side are also the same size.

Abstract: A plasticating apparatus including a rotating screw having a helical flight disposed within and cooperating with the inner wall of a heated barrel. Resinous material is introduced to a helical valley extending along said flight to be plasticated by said screw and advanced towards an outlet opening. The screw has a metering section for working said resinous material at high temperature. The bottom surface of the helical valley in said metering section is divided into side by side relatively shallow and relatively deep levels having a depth differential therebetween. The relatively shallow and relatively deep levels extend along the bottom surface of the helical valley in side by side helical paths. The side by side helical paths have a different pitch than the pitch of the helical flight so that the helical flight periodically interrupts the helical paths.

Abstract: An aqueous, alkaline impregnating solution for the one-step impregnation of nickel and molybdenum onto a catalyst support is provided by admixing nickel sulfate, preferably an ammoniacal solution of nickel sulfate and an ammoniacal solution of Mo.sup.+VI oxide to form a compatible impregnating solution. Nickel and sulfate ions are present in a ratio of substantially 1 to 1. The use of nickel sulfate in a predissolved ammoniacal solution for admixture with the ammoniacal solution of the Mo.sup.+VI oxide permits a higher metals loading of the impregnating solution and renders the resulting impregnating solution highly suitable for impregnation of nickel and molybdenum onto a catalyst support by the incipient wetness technique in one-step. The catalyst produced using the present impregnating solution is highly active for desulfurization of naphthas, middle distillate oils and asphalt-containing oils.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of pumping hot, erosive slurry of coal solids in a coal derived, water immiscible liquid to higher pressure involves the use of a motive fluid which is miscible with the liquid of the slurry. The apparatus includes a pump 12, a remote check valve 14 and a chamber 16 between and in fluid communication with the pump 12 and check valve 14 through conduits 18,20. Pump 12 exerts pressure on the motive fluid and thereby on the slurry through a concentration gradient of coal solids within chamber 16 to alternately discharge slurry under pressure from the outlet port of check valve 14 and draw slurry in through the inlet port of check valve 14.

Abstract: A C.sub.5 -900.degree. F. (C.sub.5 -482.degree. C.) liquid yield greater than 50 weight percent MAF feed coal is obtained in a coal liquefaction process wherein a selected combination of higher hydrogen partial pressure, longer slurry residence time and increased recycle ash content of the feed slurry are controlled within defined ranges.

Abstract: Pyrite addition to a coal liquefaction process (22, 26) is controlled (118) in inverse proportion to the calcium content of the feed coal to maximize the C.sub.5 --900.degree. F. (482.degree. C.) liquid yield per unit weight of pyrite added (110). The pyrite addition is controlled in this manner so as to minimize the amount of pyrite used and thus reduce pyrite contribution to the slurry pumping load and disposal problems connected with pyrite produced slag.

Abstract: The relative ratio of heavy distillate to light distillate produced in a coal liquefaction process is continuously controlled by automatically and continuously controlling the ratio of heavy distillate to light distillate in a liquid solvent used to form the feed slurry to the coal liquefaction zone, and varying the weight ratio of heavy distillate to light distillate in the liquid solvent inversely with respect to the desired weight ratio of heavy distillate to light distillate in the distillate fuel oil product. The concentration of light distillate and heavy distillate in the liquid solvent is controlled by recycling predetermined amounts of light distillate and heavy distillate for admixture with feed coal to the process in accordance with the foregoing relationships.

Abstract: Normally solid dissolved coal product and a distillate liquid product are produced by continuously passing a feed slurry comprising raw feed coal and a recycle solvent oil and/or slurry together with hydrogen to a preheating-reaction zone (26, alone, or 26 together with 42), the hydrogen pressure in the preheating-reaction zone being at least 1500 psig (105 kg/cm.sup.2), reacting the slurry in the preheating-reaction zone (26, or 26 with 42) at a temperature in the range of between about 455.degree. and about 500.degree. C. to dissolve the coal to form normally liquid coal and normally solid dissolved coal. A total slurry residence time is maintained in the reaction zone ranging from a finite value from about 0 to about 0.2 hour, and reaction effluent is continuously and directly contacted with a quenching fluid (40, 68) to substantially immediately reduce the temperature of the reaction effluent to below 425.degree. C.

Abstract: Normally solid dissolved coal product and a distillate liquid product are produced by continuously passing a feed slurry comprising raw feed coal and a recycle solvent oil and/or slurry together with hydrogen to a preheating-reaction zone (26, alone, or 26 together with 42), the hydrogen pressure in the preheating-reaction zone being at least 1500 psig (105 kg/cm.sup.2), reacting the slurry in the preheating-reaction zone (26, or 26 with 42) at a temperature in the range of between about 455.degree. and about 500.degree. C. to dissolve the coal to form normally liquid coal and normally solid dissolved coal. A total slurry residence time is maintained in the reaction zone ranging from a finite value from about 0 to about 0.2 hour, and reaction effluent is continuously and directly contacted with a quenching fluid (40, 68) to substantially immediately reduce the temperature of the reaction effluent to below 425.degree. C.

Abstract: A tungsten-free hydrotreating catalyst is produced by contacting a refractory metal oxide support with an aqueous impregnating solution formed from an ammoniacal solution of nickel fluoride, preferably predissolved, and an Mo.sup.+VI oxide. The impregnating solution consists essentially of NH.sub.4.sup.+, Ni.sup.++, Mo.sup.+VI and F.sup.-, said Ni.sup.++ and F.sup.- being supplied from nickel fluoride and preferably contains nickel and fluoride ions in a ratio of substantially 1 to 2, and is used in an amount necessary for impregnating by the incipient wetness technique in a one-step impregnation. The impregnated catalyst support is then heated to a temperature sufficient to drive off ammonia and thereby deposit fluorine, nickel and molybdenum. The resulting catalyst is highly active for hydrotreating lube oil feedstocks.

Abstract: A coal solvation/liquefaction process wherein the coal is contacted with hydrogen and an octahydrophenanthrene-enriched solvent containing OHP and THP in a ratio of OHP/THP greater than 0.4, wherein the OHP is present in an amount of at least 5 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solvent.The OHP-enriched solvent provides improved coal solvation and increases the production of distillate liquid (62) in a coal solvation/liquefaction (20, 24) process. The desired ratio of OHP/THP is provided by catalytic hydrogenation (68) of a coal liquid distillate stream (64). By increasing the OHP/THP ratio to a value greater than 1, the amount of hydrogen consumed in the process can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: Conversion of raw coal to distillate liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products by solvent liquefaction in the presence of molecular hydrogen employing recycle of mineral residue is commonly performed at a higher thermal efficiency than conversion of coal to pipeline gas in a gasification process employing partial oxidation and methanation reactions. The prior art has disclosed a combination coal liquefaction-gasification plant employing recycle of mineral residue to the liquefaction zone wherein all the normally solid dissolved coal not converted to liquid or gaseous products in the liquefaction zone is passed to a gasification zone for conversion to hydrogen. In the prior art plant the amount of normally solid dissolved coal passed to the gasification zone is just sufficient to enable the gasification zone to produce the entire process hydrogen requirement.

Abstract: Ash-containing raw coal is converted to a liquid fuel product by contacting the coal with hydrogen and an OHP-enriched solvent containing OHP and THP in a ratio of OHP/THP greater than 0.4, wherein the OHP is present in an amount of at least 5 weight percent of the solvent, to produce a liquid stream and a coal minerals stream, and recycling at least a portion of the coal minerals stream.A portion of the liquid stream (64) is catalytically hydrogenated (68), preferably with a tungsten-containing catalyst, to increase the ratio of OHP/THP to a value greater than 0.4 or preferably greater than l. The OHP-enriched liquid stream solvent is passed as solvent to a mixing zone (11) where it is admixed with raw coal (10) and recycled coal minerals (38), admixed with hydrogen (58) and passed to a preheater (20) and dissolver (24).