Abstract: A sync proxy or sync server logic, process and apparatus employing sync logic and/or transformation codes distributed in the network to increase the scalability and improve the manageability of synchronization between a client such as: an Internet appliance; a handheld or palmtop device; a smart phone or intelligent pager; and their remote replica sources.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for displaying a spreadsheet on a display device in a computer system to facilitate easy recognition of errors. More specifically, with this invention one cell is selected, and there is a visual indication of such selection. Further, there is also a visual indication of those cells having data that either affects or depends upon the data in the selected cell. There is also a different visual indication for each level of dependency relative to the selected cell. For example, selected cell A may be immediately dependent upon cells B and C, where cell B may in turn be dependent upon cells D, E and F. Cells B and C are at the first level of dependency while cells D, E and F are at the second level of dependency. Thus, cells B and C may have a different marking or shading than cells D, E and F. The number of dependency levels to be displayed can be chosen by the user. The number of paths of cells to be displayed from a selected cell to a leaf cell can also be chosen by the user.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method to synchronize performance data in a computer network system. All specified performance data of a single system collected by way of a network-wide uniformly clocked scanning interval are sorted according to their interval start time in ascending order and their actual scanning intervals in descending order. The first items of performance data sorted form the first common interval. All subsequent performance data are assigned to that interval, provided the mid point of their actual scanning interval falls within the common interval. The performance data which are no longer assigned to the first interval form the basis for a subsequent interval. The method is continued until all performance data are assigned to a common interval. The advantages of the present invention lie in the fact that the synchronized performance data are displayable in tabular form unambiguously and without gaps, and thus are available for postprocessing, for example as a bar chart.

Abstract: A method of performing a transaction on a database. A number of transactions are available to be performed on said database. At least one of said transactions may only be performed if corresponding requirements are fulfilled, wherein the fulfillment of said requirements depends on the prior successful termination of at least one other transaction. Then, said at least one of said transactions is invoked. Depending on stored information relating to prior successful terminations of transactions it is then checked whether said corresponding requirements are fulfilled. If said requirements are fulfilled, said transaction is performed. Then, after a successful termination of said transaction, an information relating to said successful termination is stored.

Abstract: A method and system wherein participant node lists are maintained for each individual transaction. In addition, local nodes maintain participant node lists and provide same to coordinating nodes under certain circumstances. The coordinating nodes merge participant node lists and selectively utilize the lists to minimize message duplication. Further, connection node lists for each application are maintained at coordinating nodes and are utilized for application rollback procedures.

Abstract: In a system including a collection of cooperating cache servers, such as proxy cache servers, a request can be forwarded to a cooperating cache server if the requested object cannot be found locally. An overload condition is detected if for example, due to reference skew, some objects are in high demand by all the clients and the cache servers that contain those hot objects become overloaded due to forwarded requests. In response, the load is balanced by shifting some or all of the forwarded requests from an overloaded cache server to a less loaded one. Both centralized and distributed load balancing environments are described.

Abstract: A device and method for identifying critical card commands and their execution on the chip card. Each card command to be executed is supplied prior to its execution to a comparison device, which can either be a component of the chip card reader or a component independent of this. The comparison device checks with reference to filed comparison samples whether a critical card command is involved. A special comparison process is used for this. If the card command to be executed is a critical card command, it must be additionally confirmed by the user for it to be executed. A particular form of execution consists in comparison samples for identifying critical card commands being deposited during manufacture of the chip card and these being loaded into the working memory of the chip card reader or the comparison device on initialisation of the chip card in the chip card reader.

Abstract: The essential feature is the step of generating a controllable ‘dynamic’ intensity field profile with a controllable beating pattern in a multimode superposition of different modes, as e.g., a fundamental mode and a higher order mode as e.g., the TE0 mode and TE1 mode of an input wavelength entering the input site of an AWG apparatus, whereby said beating pattern is controlled in a fixed, or in variable, predetermined way, as e.g., with a fixed or a wavelength dependent power ratio and beating pattern, for improving the mode overlap in a receiver waveguide associated with an output site of said apparatus. With variable conditions, a lower number of converter units is required. In a 8:1 multiplexer, for example, there is needed just one converter unit at its output. A 1:8 demultiplexer can be obtained by solely reversing the AWG apparatus.

Abstract: A bistable liquid crystal display cell comprises at least two compartments separated by thin transparent membranes. A first compartment contains a first liquid crystal mixture between a first substrate and a thin transparent membrane. A second compartment contains a second liquid crystal mixture between a second substrate and a thin transparent membrane. The mixtures have a first alignment in which they are both aligned parallel to the plane of the display cell, but orthogonal to each other, and a second alignment in which they are both aligned normal to the plane of the display cell. Each compartment has a grating located on a surface of the compartment.

Abstract: A concrete activity defining a job to be executed in each place is carried on a carrier agent for movement to different computer distributed locations. The substances of the mobile objects hold a proxy activity which sends out an instruction to execute to the concrete activity held by the carrier agent. The substances of the mobile objects additionally send out an instruction to execute to the concrete activity for moving to different locations.

Abstract: Improved method of replication-based garbage collection in a multiprocessing system comprising a plurality of processors, a memory divided into a current area (from-space) used by the processors during current program execution and a reserved area (to-space), and at least a garbage collector for performing, when necessary, a garbage collection consisting in flipping the roles of the current area and reserved area after all the live objects stored in current area have been copied into the reserved area and for reclaiming the current area after the flipping operation. Several program threads (mutators) are currently running in parallel and the garbage collector performs the garbage collection in parallel with the program threads, the flipping operation being performed after the program threads have been stopped and the garbage collection has been completed.

Abstract: A system and method for managing storage resources in a computer system. The invention periodically tracks and stores the history of each object stored in the storage resources. For each storage container, the life expectancy is calculated by utilizing the object histories for all objects currently stored in that container.

Abstract: An affinity-based router and method for routing and load balancing in an encapsulated cluster of server nodes is disclosed. The system consists of a multi-node server, wherein any of the server nodes can handle a client request, but wherein clients have affinity to one or more of the server nodes that are preferred to handle a client request. Such affinity is due to state at the servers either due to previous routing requests, or data affinity at the server. At the multi-node server, a node may be designated as a TCP router. The address of the TCP router is given out to clients, and client requests are sent thereto. The TCP router selects one of the nodes in the multi-node server to process the client request, and routes the request to this server; in addition, the TCP router maintains affinity tables, containing affinity records, indicating which node a client was routed to.

Abstract: A system and method featuring a collection of model objects which hold data to be shared, and supporting interfaces to read and write the data, to create and destroy collaboration relationships and to attach “view objects” containing application code which will be automatically notified of value changes. Each user environment is provided with a model object control entity, referred to herein as a Collaboration Manager, which creates model objects, executes transactions, and creates association objects related to the collaboration. A concurrency control mechanism records the reads and updates of the data and of collaboration relationships within a single transaction site and guarantees that they are applied atomically and consistently to both the local and to all remote replica objects of the collaboration.

Abstract: A memory statistic counter and method for counting the number of accesses (writes or reads) by a microprocessor (10) to at least a portion of a memory comprising a decoding logic unit (16) for providing a selection signal for selecting the portion of memory in response to control signals from the microprocessor, and adding logic units (18, 20, 22). The memory statistic counter includes a register which is incremented each time the portion of memory is accessed by the microprocessor and providing a registration signal when the number of accesses is equal to a predetermined number, and a queuing unit (44) for registering a value in a registering memory (50), such as a first-in-first-out (FIFO) memory, in response to the registration signal and providing an interrupt signal to the microprocessor when all locations of the registering memory have been filled, thereby indicating to the microprocessor that a defined number of accesses to the portion of memory has occurred.

Abstract: This invention provides various GUI moderator templates symbolizing templates which are capable of classifying a complicated behavior of the mobile agent into basic behavior patterns and defining a desired behavior pattern of the mobile agent by a combination of the basic behavior patterns, and various GUI activities symbolizing an activity of issuing a request in each place where the mobile agent moves around. The operator drops the GUI moderator template and the GUI activity on the GUI builder to join them for defining the order of executing jobs. The user Can also set address information of a place of execution in the GUI activity.

Abstract: Multilayer metal materials are selected so that the materials will alloy or intermix under rapid thermal annealing conditions. The individual materials of the multilayers are preferably chosen such that at least one of the materials may be selectively etched with respect to the other material by wet chemical or electrochemical etching. For electroplating applications, the alloyed plating base material will assume some of the etch resistance of the original electrodeposit material such that a selective wet etch of the plating base can be performed without substantial undercutting. Furthermore, the graded composition alloy will exhibit other advantageous physical and chemical properties for electrode formation and use. The alloying or intermixing may be accomplished before or after patterning of the materials, for the instance wherein the materials deposited as blanket layers.

Abstract: To suitably distribute the load between a client node and a server node in a client-server system, the client node sends a task request signal to the server node in response to input from a user. The server node, upon receiving the task request signal, acquires a CPU load ratio from the operating system and performs the requested task when the CPU load ratio is lower than a preset value to send the result of the task to the client node. Conversely, when the CPU load ratio is higher than the preset value, the server node sends a response signal to the effect that the client node is to execute the requested task. When the client node requests transmission of an application program in response to the response signal from the server, the server node sends an application program for use in performing the requested task to the client node. The client node executes the application program and obtains the result of the task.

Abstract: A computerized method, system and computer program product for managing an object store is disclosed. An exemplary method includes the the steps of: collecting performance statistics about storage repositories from which an object(s) can be retrieved; retrieving an object from a storage repository, in response to an object reference; determining a reference probability (RFP) for the object; determining and associating a replacement penalty (RPP) with the object wherein the RPP is based on the one or more performance statistics and the RFP; and storing the object and an associated RPP for the object. The storage repositories could be locally attached devices, network sites, and/or remotely attached devices. If there is insufficient space in the object store for a new object, an object(s) can be replaced with the new object based on the associated RPP of the cached objects. Alternatively, the resolution of one or more objects in the object store can be reduced until sufficient space is available.

Abstract: The image data transferring apparatus of this invention determines that the change in the image is very small when a change in the image is not detected during a given time period, for example, and generates transmission data which causes image data displaying a full color image of, for example, 24 bits per pixel to be displayed in the receiving side in a relatively small number of frames in a unit time for transmission. Conversely, the image data transferring apparatus transmits reduced color data which is reduced from 24 bits per pixel to 4 bits per pixel in a relatively large number of frames in a unit time to the receiving side when it is determined that many changes are included in the image.