Abstract: A photographic system for accurately reproducing encoded information onto a recording medium is disclosed. The system includes an image/light source, a feedback sensor, a lens assembly, a controller, a recording medium assembly and a reading sensor, whereby encoded information is decomposed into sections, adjusted, and transmitted such that the sections are correctly aligned and smoothly joined into a final reproduced image. According to the present invention, encoded information can also be digitized and read.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for detecting a fine foreign substance in which the surface of a specimen is illuminated with linearly-polarized laser beam to detect light scattered from the surface and having passed through a polarization filter, the back side of the specimen is illuminated with light from a light source such as a mercury lamp to obtain the light and darkness information or phase information on the specimen surface by transmitted light from the specimen, and fine massive and filmy foreign substances on the specimen surface are detected on the basis of information given by the scattered light and transmitted light.

Abstract: Disclosed is a position detecting method and apparatus which are suitable for detecting the position of a moving body on the basis of the output of a position detector for generating two-phase periodic waves having a phase difference of a quarter period, the method comprising the steps of: comparing either one of the two-phase periodic waves with a predetermined reference value having hysteresis to thereby obtain a roughly estimated position for every half period of the one periodic wave; analog-to-digital converting the two-phase periodic waves and a zero-cross value for every sampling period to thereby obtain a finely estimated position; and detecting the position of the moving body on the basis of the roughly estimated position and the finely estimated position while correcting an error due to the hysteresis at the starting point of the roughly estimated position, by use of the relationship between the roughly estimated position and the finely estimated position.

Abstract: A D-RAM is disclosed which isolates the capacitors of memory cells and also isolates the adjacent memory cells by utilizing trenches formed on a semiconductor substrate. The device is particularly intended to the area of each memory cell and prevent the occurrence of a leakage current between the adjacent memory cells. Two side walls of the trench are used as the capacitors of two different memory cells, respectively, and these capacitors are isolated from each other by a thick oxide film that is formed on the bottom of each trench.

Abstract: A transducer supporting apparatus is provided with a rigid structural support connected to a rigid arm portion and a flexible strucural support provided on the free end of the rigid structural support, the flexible structural support comprising two flexible fingers, a transverse frame connecting the two flexible fingers on the extending side thereof through steps, and a slider mounting portion having a tongue form which extends from this frame and is provided adjacent to the two flexible fingers and a slider loaded with a transducer being junctioned with the slider mounting portion. The flexible fingers are so configurated that the end thereof on the side of the rigid arm portion is brought nearer to the plane formed by the floating surface of the slider than the end thereof on the side of the slider mounting portion.

Abstract: An improved arrangement is provided for forming a bipolar transistor on a substrate with CMOS elements. All of the transistors (i.e., the bipolar, P-MOS and N-MOS) are formed in regions having gradually decreasing impurity concentrations from the surface toward the substrate. In addition, a buried layer is provided under each of the regions of decreasing impurity concentration in which the transistors are formed. These buried layers have a significantly higher impurity concentration than the portion of the region of decreasing impurity concentration which they are respectively adjacent to. Using this arrangement, punch-through is prevented and excellent electrical operating characteristics are provided for both the bipolar transistors and the CMOS elements.

Abstract: An oxide-superconductor improved so as to have a high critical temperature (T.sub.c) comprises an oxide having a K.sub.2 NiF.sub.4 crystalline structure similar to a perovskite crystalline structure and represented by the following formula:(Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.z La.sub.1-x-z).sub.2 Cu.sub.1-w Ag.sub.w O.sub.4(1-y)wherein 0.1<x+z<0.3, w=0, and y.gtoreq.0; or 0.ltoreq.x<1, 0.ltoreq.z<1, 0<w<1, and y.gtoreq.0. This invention also relates to an oxide-superconductor wherein an Na, K, Rb, Cs or F atom is contained in an oxide-superconductor of A.sub.3 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7 type having at least one of a CuO.sub.6 octahedron and a CuO.sub.5 pentahedron.

Abstract: A dynamic RAM having a memory cell constituted by a capacitor element, utilizing a trench or moat formed in a semiconductor substrate, and a MISFET. One of the electrodes of the capacitor element is connected to the MISFET constituting part of the memory cell at the side wall of the upper end of the moat for forming the capacitor element. This electrode is connected in self alignment with a semiconductor region which serves as either the source or drain of the MISFET.

Abstract: A high precision image recording apparatus includes an electrophotographic device having at least a photosensitive drum and an exposure unit, for forming a toner image on the surface of the photosensitive drum; a recording sheet feed/transport unit for feeding and transporting a recording sheet to which the toner image formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum is transferred; a transfer unit for transferring the toner image on the photosensitive drum to the recording sheet fed and transported by the recording sheet feed/transport unit; and a drive unit for driving the photosensitive drum and recording sheet feed/transport unit. The drive unit is provided with a motor coupled to the photosensitive drum via a rotation transmission mechanism having a speed reduction ratio of 1/integer number (inclusive of 1/1), and the exposure unit is provided with a recording start position control unit for starting recording image information from a predetermined reference position on the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: A multi-shade color liquid crystal display apparatus wherein a number of striped color liquid crystal elements are arranged in parallel in one direction. A color filter for each color liquid crystal element is arbitrarily selected to have one color and the ratios of the widths of the color filters to the pitches of the filters for each of a plurality of blocks of the striped color liquid crystal elements are made different from one another while maintaining one of the widths and pitches constant so that light and dark shades of the color are obtained in different blocks.

Abstract: A high precision linear actuator for compensating short stroke, high frequency vibrations in a space deployed structure comprises a set of cylindrical magnetic pole pieces affixed to respective ones of a pair of graphite flexures, that are mounted to a thermally conductive cylindrical housing, which is to be affixed to the space deployed structure. Reaction against the "proof mass" pole pieces is achieved by a magnetic field produced by set of stationary magnetic coils that surround the pole pieces and are energized by a vibration compensation reaction current supplied from a sense/control processor. Coaxial with and mounted integrally with the cylindrical pole pieces of the proof mass is an internal accelerater, which generates an output signal representative of the force to which the proof mass is subjected.

Abstract: A bidirectional cable communication system comprising a head and, a bidirectional transmission network connected to the head end for transmitting signals downstream from the head end to a plurality of subscriber stations and for transmitting data signals upstream to the head end from the subscriber stations, means at the head end for detecting collisions between signals received from the subscriber stations and for generating a collision signal, means at the head end for transmitting downstream on the transmission system status bits of data signal indicative of the collision, whereby upon detection thereof by a subscriber station it can be enabled to cease transmission.

Abstract: There is provided an automatic focusing system which is used in a video camera or the like. A master lens is finely vibrated and moved by using a moving mechanism consisting of a stepping motor and a lead screw. A speed control circuit to set a moving speed of the master lens is provided. The moving speed of the master lens is set by an output signal of the speed control circuit and the master lens is moved by the moving mechanism. The moving speed of the master lens is optimally controlled and the out-of-step phenomenon in the stepping motor is eliminated. Since the master lens is accurately moved, the focusing operation is executed at a high accuracy. In addition, the influence by the unnecessary vibration (ringing) which is caused by the sudden change in moving speed of the master lens is eliminated. Therefore, since the master lens normally performs a predetermined micro vibration, the correct focusing can be accurately discriminated.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit with a non-volatile memory has a plurality of nonvolatile data memory elements arranged in a matrix and a means for reading data from the memory elements in accordance with an address signal which specifies a position in the matrix. A protecting data memory element for storing at least one-bit protection data is disposed in the matrix. Whether operations such as programming (i.e., writing), erasing or reading with respect to the data memory elements will be allowed or inhibited is determined in accordance with the contents of the protecting data memory element. In other words, data security in an arbitrary area of the matrix can be accomplished based on the content of the protecting data memory element.

Abstract: In an engine control apparatus for controlling the amount of fuel to be supplied by calculating the amount of liquid film or fuel adhered to an intake pipe of an engine, the adhesion rate of fuel and the time constant of evaporation of fuel in a preestimating manner, the time constant of evaporation is determined on the basis of the determined amount of liquid film, the amount of suction air and an air-to-fuel ratio upon fuel cut and the adhesion rate is determined on the basis of the amount of supply of fuel, the amount of suction air and an air-to-fuel ratio upon fuel recovery.

Abstract: A control unit outputs a data through an execution of each frequency of an engine driving operation condition such as an operation amount of an accelerator pedal, an engine speed, and a gear position. Frequency distribution of the engine driving condition is made through an addition processing and a subtraction processing in an area division. The present target throttle opening degree is determined through an area division judgment in the control unit. An actual throttle opening degree is adjusted so as to become a target throttle opening degree. The target throttle opening degree is searched through a map for searching the target throttle opening degree. The obtained engine control conditions are stored and memorized successively in the control unit, and an engine control characteristic is selected in sequence according to the memorized results. An operation characteristic corresponding to the driver's driving operation is selected and an optimum operability performance is obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to a falling film evaporator which is arranged to cause a liquid film to flow downward to thereby effect heat exchange using evaporation. In a space of an evaporating compartment, a gas-liquid separator is disposed to communicate with a compressor which constitutes a part of a refrigeration cycle.

Abstract: A gas generator for an air bag, which can be manufactured in an advantageous manner, has at least two tubular pressure tanks wherein materials that release gas are combusted. The pressure tanks are connected radially with a central member containing an igniter element. The gas-releasing material fills up a tubular interior extensively in the form of stackable molded elements adapted to fit within the pressure tank. In most cases, an adequate path for the ignition vapors is constituted by a central channel within each element, while in case of rod-shaped molded elements, such adequate path is represented by the "natural" cavities; additionally, a free surface area should exist between the elements and may be provided by nubs and/or indentations on the lateral faces of these molded elements.